À propos de quatre inscriptions Olynthiennes. Quelques remarques sur la "Sûreté réelle" au 4ème s.av.J.C.

No Abstract

RANCANG BANGUN MEDIA VIRTUAL TOUR PADA MATERI SUMPAH PEMUDA KELAS V DI SDN 169 PELITA CIPADUNG KECAMATAN CIBIRU: Penelitian Design and Development pada Pembelajaran PPKn Kelas V di SDN 169 Pelita Cipadung Kecamatan Cibiru

Latar belakang dari penelitian ini mengenai kurangnya variatif penggunaan media pembelajaran berbasis digital, seperti virtual tour Museum Sumpah Pemuda pada materi Sumpah Pemuda di kelas V SD. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu merancang dan mengembangkan media pembelajaran berbasis virtual tour dan mendapatkan hasil kelayakan dari para ahli dan respon pengguna. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian Design and Development (D&D) dengan prosedur ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). Penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen untuk uji kelayakan oleh para ahli dan uji coba oleh respon pengguna. Dalam penelitian ini menghasilkan sebuah produk berupa media virtual tour pada materi Sumpah Pemuda kelas V SD. Media pembelajaran virtual tour pada materi Sumpah Pemuda dengan uji kelayakan memperoleh hasil “Sangat Layak” oleh ahli media, materi, dan bahasa. Pada aspek media telah memenuhi indikator kualitas tampilan dan virtual tour dan sesuai sasaran untuk siswa kelas V SD. Kemudian, aspek materi media pembelajaran virtual tour sudah sesuai dengan Kurikulum 2013 dan mencapai indikator mengenai kesesuaian konsep materi, keakuratan materi, dan kelengkapan. Pada aspek bahasa sudah memenuhi standar kebahasaan yang sesuai dengan perkembangan siswa kelas V SD. Respon pengguna dari guru dan siswa mengenai media pembelajaran virtual tour mendapatkan hasil “Sangat Layak”. Respon guru tentang media pembelajaran virtual tour yaitu tepat untuk diterapkan dalam pembelajaran. Komentar dari siswa tentang media pembelajaran virtual tour yaitu menarik, bagus, dan mudah dipahami. Sehingga, media pembelajaran virtual tour dapat dijadikan salah satu alternatif media pembelajaran pada siswa SD kelas tinggi. ----- The background of this research is about the lack of variety in the use of digital-based learning media, such as the virtual tour of the Youth Pledge Museum on the Youth Pledge material in class V SD. The purpose of this research is to design and develop virtual tour-based learning media and get the feasibility results from experts and user responses. This study uses the Design and Development (D&D) research method with the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) procedure. This study uses instruments for feasibility testing by experts and testing by user responses. In this study produced a product in the form of a virtual tour of the material for the Youth Pledge for class V elementary school. The virtual tour learning media on the Youth Pledge material with a feasibility test obtained "Very Eligible" results by media, material, and language experts. In the media aspect, it has met the display quality indicators and virtual tours and is suitable for the target for fifth grade elementary school students. Then, the material aspect of the virtual tour learning media is in accordance with the 2013 Curriculum and achieves indicators regarding the suitability of the material concept, material accuracy, and completeness. In the language aspect, it has met the linguistic standards in accordance with the development of fifth grade elementary school students. User responses from teachers and students regarding virtual tour learning media get the results of "Very Eligible". The teacher's response about the virtual tour learning media is appropriate to be applied in learning. Comments from students about the virtual tour learning media are interesting, good, and easy to understand. Thus, the virtual tour learning media can be used as an alternative learning media for high school elementary students

Isolasi dan Identifikasi Senyawa Flavonoid Madu Hutan (Apis dorsata) Kapuas Hulu dengan Metode KLT dan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis

Madu hutan memiliki banyak khasiat untuk kesehatan dan kecantikan. Madu hutan mengandung flavonoid yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis senyawa flavonoid yang terdapat di dalam madu hutan (Apis dorsata). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan ekstrak etanol 96% madu hutan Kapuas Hulu dan hasil fraksinasi menggunakan pelarut air panas dengan suhu 40oC untuk identifikasi KLT dan ekstrak metanol madu hutan Kapuas Hulu untuk identifikasi spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Kemudian dilakukan uji fitokimia yang menunjukkan ekstrak madu hutan positif mengandung senyawa flavonoid. Identifikasi flavonoid dilakukan secara kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) menggunakan eluen BAA (3:1:1) untuk mengetahui nilai Rf. Hasil KLT menunjukkan senyawa flavonoid madu hutan (Apis dorsata) mengandung Luteolin nilai Rf 78 dan Trisin nilai Rf 73 dari jenis flavon,Dihidrokuersetin nilai Rf 78 dari jenis flavanon, dan Isolikuiritigenin-4 glukosida nilai Rf 61 dari jenis khalkon. Dilanjutkan dengan ekstrak metanol diuji dengan KLT dielusi dengan beberapa pelarut yaitu n-heksan : etanol (8:2), n-heksan : etil asetat (8:2), BAA (3:1:1), dan BAA (4:1:5) diperoleh eluen dengan pemisahan terbaik yaitu BAA (4:1:5), kemudian dilanjutkan pemisahan dengan metode kromatografi kolom gravitasi. Hasil isolat dengan warna yang pekat dari hasil kromatografi kolom gravitasi kemudian diidentifikasi menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Analisis UV-Vis isolat dengan puncak terbaik menghasilkan 2 puncak pada λ 235,4 nm (pita II) dan pada λ 381,9 nm (pita I) yang diduga senyawa khalkon atau auron. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak madu hutan mengandung senyawa flavonoid jenis flavanon yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan, antiinflamasi, anti jamur dan antibakteri. Jenis flavon berfungsi sebagai antioksidan atau penangkal radikal bebas, serta jenis khalkon berfungsi sebagai antibakteri, antiplatelet, antiulceratif, antimalaria, antikanker, antiviral, antileismanial, antioksidan, antihiperglikemik, immunomodulator, dan antiinflamas

RANCANG MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN VIRTUAL TOUR PADA MATERI SUMPAH PEMUDA KELAS V SDN 169 PELITA BANDUNG

The background of this research is about the lack of variety in the use of digital-based learning media, such as the virtual tour of the Youth Pledge Museum on the Youth Pledge material in class V SD. The purpose of this study is to design and develop a virtual tour-based learning media. This study uses the Design and Development (D&D) research method with the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) procedure. This research produces a product in the form of a virtual tour of the material for the Youth Pledge of 5th grade elementary school by going through two stages of the ADDIE procedure. The first stage is an analysis that includes an analysis of needs, student characteristics, initial abilities, and analysis of the learning environment. The analysis phase was carried out through face-to-face interviews with the homeroom teacher of SDN 169 Pelita Bandung. The second stage is about the design of instructional media (product) designs. There are several parts needed in designing a product, namely resources, selecting and determining the scope, structure, and sequence of materials, such as an outline of media programs and flowcharts along with product prototyping. Product prototypes consist of websites, virtual media tours, and quizzes on Quizizz

An evaluation of waste and well water quality for agriculture production around Erbil city, Iraq

Erbil city is located in the northern Iraq with a population of over one million people. Due to water crises farmers usually use wastewater and well water for the agricultural production. In this study six stations were designed to sample waste water and three from well water to define waste water and ground water characteristics. In this study, Residual Na+ Carbonate, Mg++ hazard, salinity hazard, Kelley index, %sodium, total hardness, permeability index, potential salinity, sodium adsorption ratio, and Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) were determined. The order of average cation concentrations in water was Mg2+> Ca2+ > Na+ > K+. While the proportion of main anions in water were HCO3 >SO4 > Cl. The highest concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ were found in well water, while the highest concentration of K+ was found in wastewater. The maximum concentration of HCO3 and Cl recorded in well water, while the highest concentration SO4 recorded in wastewater. Moreover, the order of trace elements was Pb > Al > Fe > Cd > As > Mn >Cr > Ag > Ni. Keeping in mind metal concentration set by  US EPA and FAO (1999) and (1994) guidelines the levels of Pb, Al, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ag and Ni in the waste and well water were within the admissible limitations  for irrigation schemes. Moreover, limitations of As and Cd were beyond permissible limitation need to be reduced.  The IWQI ranged from 88.92 to 95.09 in the waste water samples. Overall assessment reveals that cultivated agriculture plants were secured from toxic compounds

Predicting pharmacodynamic effects through early drug discovery with artificial intelligence-physiologically based pharmacokinetic (AI-PBPK) modelling

A mechanism-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model links the concentration-time profile of a drug with its therapeutic effects based on the underlying biological or physiological processes. Clinical endpoints play a pivotal role in drug development. Despite the substantial time and effort invested in screening drugs for favourable pharmacokinetic (PK) properties, they may not consistently yield optimal clinical outcomes. Furthermore, in the virtual compound screening phase, researchers cannot observe clinical outcomes in humans directly. These uncertainties prolong the process of drug development. As incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK) model can assist in forecasting pharmacodynamic (PD) effects within the human body, we introduce a methodology for utilizing the AI-PBPK platform to predict the PK and PD outcomes of target compounds in the early drug discovery stage. In this integrated platform, machine learning is used to predict the parameters for the model, and the mechanism-based PD model is used to predict the PD outcome through the PK results. This platform enables researchers to align the PK profile of a drug with desired PD effects at the early drug discovery stage. Case studies are presented to assess and compare five potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB) compounds, after calibration and verification using vonoprazan and revaprazan

Xenopus gpx3 Mediates Posterior Development by Regulating Cell Death during Embryogenesis

Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family of selenoproteins and is a key antioxidant enzyme in multicellular organisms against oxidative damage. Downregulation of GPx3 affects tumor progression and metastasis and is associated with liver and heart disease. However, the physiological significance of GPx3 in vertebrate embryonic development remains poorly understood. The current study aimed to investigate the functional roles of gpx3 during embryogenesis. To this end, we determined gpx3's spatiotemporal expression using Xenopus laevis as a model organism. Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we demonstrated the zygotic nature of this gene. Interestingly, the expression of gpx3 enhanced during the tailbud stage of development, and whole mount in situ hybridization (WISH) analysis revealed gpx3 localization in prospective tail region of developing embryo. gpx3 knockdown using antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) resulted in short post-anal tails, and these malformed tails were significantly rescued by glutathione peroxidase mimic ebselen. The gene expression analysis indicated that gpx3 knockdown significantly altered the expression of genes associated with Wnt, Notch, and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathways involved in tailbud development. Moreover, RNA sequencing identified that gpx3 plays a role in regulation of cell death in the developing embryo. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and phospho-histone 3 (PH3) staining confirmed the association of gpx3 knockdown with increased cell death and decreased cell proliferation in tail region of developing embryos, establishing the involvement of gpx3 in tailbud development by regulating the cell death. Furthermore, these findings are inter-related with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in gpx3 knockdown embryos, as measured by using a redox-sensitive fluorescent probe HyPer. Taken together, our results suggest that gpx3 plays a critical role in posterior embryonic development by regulating cell death and proliferation during vertebrate embryogenesis

Super-heavy fermion material as metallic refrigerant for adiabatic demagnetization cooling

Low-temperature refrigeration is of crucial importance in fundamental research of condensed matter physics, as the investigations of fascinating quantum phenomena, such as superconductivity, superfluidity and quantum criticality, often require refrigeration down to very low temperatures. Currently, cryogenic refrigerators with $^3$He gas are widely used for cooling below 1 Kelvin. However, usage of the gas is being increasingly difficult due to the current world-wide shortage. Therefore, it is important to consider alternative methods of refrigeration. Here, we show that a new type of refrigerant, super-heavy electron metal, YbCo$_2$Zn$_{20}$, can be used for adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration, which does not require 3He gas. A number of advantages includes much better metallic thermal conductivity compared to the conventional insulating refrigerants. We also demonstrate that the cooling performance is optimized in Yb$_{1-x}$Sc$_x$Co$_2$Zn$_{20}$ by partial Sc substitution with $x\sim$0.19. The substitution induces chemical pressure which drives the materials close to a zero-field quantum critical point. This leads to an additional enhancement of the magnetocaloric effect in low fields and low temperatures enabling final temperatures well below 100 mK. Such performance has up to now been restricted to insulators. Since nearly a century the same principle of using local magnetic moments has been applied for adiabatic demagnetization cooling. This study opens new possibilities of using itinerant magnetic moments for the cryogen-free refrigeration

Physiological Functions of Thiol Peroxidases (Gpx1 and Prdx2) during Xenopus laevis Embryonic Development

Glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1) and peroxiredoxin 2 (Prdx2) belong to the thiol peroxidase family of antioxidants, and have been studied for their antioxidant functions and roles in cancers. However, the physiological significance of Gpx1 and Prdx2 during vertebrate embryogenesis are lacking. Currently, we investigated the functional roles of Gpx1 and Prdx2 during vertebrate embryogenesis using Xenopus laevis as a vertebrate model. Our investigations revealed the zygotic nature of gpx1 having its localization in the eye region of developing embryos, whereas prdx2 exhibited a maternal nature and were localized in embryonic ventral blood islands. Furthermore, the gpx1-morphants exhibited malformed eyes with incompletely detached lenses. However, the depletion of prdx2 has not established its involvement with embryogenesis. A molecular analysis of gpx1-depleted embryos revealed the perturbed expression of a cryba1-lens-specific marker and also exhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in the eye regions of gpx1-morphants. Additionally, transcriptomics analysis of gpx1-knockout embryos demonstrated the involvement of Wnt, cadherin, and integrin signaling pathways in the development of malformed eyes. Conclusively, our findings indicate the association of gpx1 with a complex network of embryonic developmental pathways and ROS responses, but detailed investigation is a prerequisite in order to pinpoint the mechanistic details of these interactions.</p&gt

Physiological effects of KDM5C on neural crest migration and eye formation during vertebrate development

Background: Lysine-specific histone demethylase 5C (KDM5C) belongs to the jumonji family of demethylases and is specific for the di- and tri-demethylation of lysine 4 residues on histone 3 (H3K4 me2/3). KDM5C is expressed in the brain and skeletal muscles of humans and is associated with various biologically significant processes. KDM5C is known to be associated with X-linked mental retardation and is also involved in the development of cancer. However, the developmental significance of KDM5C has not been explored yet. In the present study, we investigated the physiological roles of KDM5C during Xenopus laevis embryonic development. Results: Loss-of-function analysis using kdm5c antisense morpholino oligonucleotides indicated that kdm5c knockdown led to small-sized heads, reduced cartilage size, and malformed eyes (i.e., small-sized and deformed eyes). Molecular analyses of KDM5C functional roles using whole-mount in situ hybridization, -galactosidase staining, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that loss of kdm5c resulted in reduced expression levels of neural crest specifiers and genes involved in eye development. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis indicated the significance of KDM5C in morphogenesis and organogenesis. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that KDM5C is associated with embryonic development and provided additional information regarding the complex and dynamic gene network that regulates neural crest formation and eye development. This study emphasizes the functional significance of KDM5C in Xenopus embryogenesis; however, further analysis is needed to explore the interactions of KDM5C with specific developmental genes