Promoting books and places: A study of adjectival modification in persuasion and description

This is a study of adjectival modification, that is the use of adjectives and adjectival participles, in the genres of book information and place description. Book information represents a genre with a subtle, covertly persuasive function, while place description is taken to have little or no persuasive force. The study starts out with a quantitative element, establishing lexical densities of the eight texts in the data. This is followed by qualitative analyses of the functions which adjectives have in the genres examined. Answers are sought to these primary questions: 1) What is the role of modifying adjectives in the lexical density of the texts analysed? 2) What discourse functions do these adjectives fulfil in the two genres? The conclusions of the study include: 1) High occurrence of modifying items does not automatically equal nominal style. 2) High occurrence of modifying items is not an automatic sign of high lexical density. 3) The frequent use of modifiers in non-fiction is not limited to persuasion, since adjectives are also frequent in the genre in which the descriptive function is foregrounded

Palmitic acid-rich oils with and without interesterification lower postprandial lipemia and increase atherogenic lipoproteins compared to a MUFA-rich oil: a randomized controlled trial

Background: Interesterified (IE) fats are widely used in place of trans fats; however, little is known about their metabolism. Objective: To test the impact of a commonly consumed IE versus a non-IE equivalent fat on in vivo postprandial and in vitro lipid metabolism, compared with a reference oil (rapeseed oil; RO). Design: A double-blinded, 3-phase crossover, randomized controlled trial was performed in healthy adults (n=20) aged 45-75 years. Postprandial plasma triacylglycerol (TG) and lipoprotein responses (including stable isotope tracing) to a test meal (50g fat) were evaluated over 8 hours. The test fats were IE 80:20 palm stearin/palm kernel fat, an identical non-IE fat, and RO (control). In vitro, mechanisms of digestion were explored using a dynamic gastric model (DGM). Results: Plasma TG 8h incremental area under the curves were lower following non-IE versus RO (-1.7 mmol/L.h (95% confidence interval -3.3, -0.0)), but there were no differences between IE and RO nor IE and non-IE. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles were smaller following IE and non-IE versus RO (P=0.005). Extra, extra large (XXL)-, extra large (XL)- and large (L)- VLDL particle concentrations were higher following IE and non-IE versus RO at 6-8 h (P <0.05). No differences in the appearance of [13C]palmitic acid in plasma TG was observed between IE and non-IE fats. DGM revealed differences in phase separation of the IE and non-IE meals and delayed release of saturated fatty acids (SFA) versus RO. Conclusions: Interesterification did not modify fat digestion, postprandial lipemia or lipid metabolism measured by stable isotope and DGM analysis. Despite the lower lipemia following the SFA rich fats, increased pro-atherogenic large TG-rich lipoprotein remnant and small LDL particles following the SFA rich fats relative to RO adds a new postprandial dimension to the mechanistic evidence linking SFA to cardiovascular disease risk

The compilation of a corpus of business English: syntactic variation

Selection and peer-review under responsibility of International Conference on Corpus Linguistics (CILC2013).[EN] This study focuses on the design of a real corpus extracted from a business environment. The compilation of a real corpus must be done in an objective way to extract samples of language used in an everyday context and with the minimum interference. The elaboration of a corpus based on texts from a business environment is somewhat problematic as companies are not used to providing information for linguistic research and the appropriate tagging of a real corpus is not an easy task. The tagging of a real corpus involves filtering the language selected, as it may contain some mistakes or variation. The objective of this paper is to describe the methodology followed in order to compile a real corpus and propose a tagging system of the syntactic variations found in a real corpus caused by the use of English as a second language. This proposal is made after the compilation of a corpus composed of one hundred and twenty e-mails written by Indian and Chinese employees who work in an international company. The corpus was tagged manually and several aspects were taken into account although in this paper we will focus on the tagging of variation.Carrió Pastor, ML.; Muñiz Calderón, R. (2013). The compilation of a corpus of business English: syntactic variation. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences. 95:89-95. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.626S89959

Venäjän dynaaminen aluemaantiede

Antti Helanterä & Veli-Pekka Tynkkynen: Maantieteelle Venäjä ei voi mitään. Ajatus Kirjat. Gummerus, Jyväskylä 2002. 262 s