Hubungan Antara Personaliti, Salah Laku Dan Pencapaian Akademik Mahasiswa Lepasan Siji Tinggi Pelajaran Malaysia Di Institut Pengajian Tinggi Awam

Tujuan penyelidikan ini adalah untuk mengkaji hubungan antara personaliti, salah laku dan pencapaian akademik mahasiswa lepasan STPM. Kajian turut meninjau kaitan antara latar belakang mahasiswa dengan personaliti. Latar belakang yang dikajikan adalah jantina, kedudukan mahasiswa dalam susunan adik-beradik, tahap pendidikan ibubapa mahasiswa dan pendapatan bulanan ibubapa mahasiswa. Sampel kajian seramai 372 orang mahasiswa (1 80 lelaki, 192 perempuan) adalah terdiri daripada pelajar semester pertama di 12 buah kolej kediaman di Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor. Mahasiswa tersebut adalah dari lepasan STPM tahun 2002. Inventori Personaliti Eysenck Junior dan Laporan Salah Laku Diri digunakan. Ujian korelasi Pearson menunjukkan bahawa terdapat hubungan yang negatif signifikan ant~ras kor ekstrovert dengan keputusan STPM iaitu r = -0.191, p<0.01,manakala terdapat hubungan yang positif signifikan antara skor neurotik dengan keputusan STPM (r = 0.177, p<0.01). Dalam ujian t, dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan antara lelaki dan perempuan dengan skor neurotik iaitu t= 2.493, p<0.05. Manakala, dapatan kajian menunjukkan tiada perbezaan yang signifikan antara lelaki dan perempuan dengan skor ekstrovert, t= 0.555, p>0.05. Ujian khi kuasa-dua menunjukkan terdapat perkaitan yang signifikan antara latar belakang mahasiswa dengan persoanliti kecuali kedudukan pelajar dalam susunan adik-beradik. Secara ringkasnya, dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa kini matlamat Falsafah Pendidikan Kebangsaan dalam rnelahirkan individu yang seimbang dari segi ilmu dan personaliti telah dicabar. Individu yang cemerlang akademik tidak semestinya mempunyai personaliti yang memuaskan. Di samping itu, latar belakang seseorang individu masih memainkan peranan yang penting dalam perkembangan personaliti seseorang individu

Impact of commuter families on adolescent development: an evaluation of the adolescent from Peninsular Malaysia

This study attempted to address the question concerning the influence of commuter families on adolescent school performance using the proposed Model for Adolescent Development Among Commuter Families (MADCF). We investigated whether the adolescent problem mediates the relationship between parental readiness and adolescent school performance, and clarified the moderating effect of gender. The survey data were drawn from 434 respondents (adolescents-parents) in Malaysia. The results indicated that the adolescent externalising problem partially mediated the relationship between parental readiness and adolescent school performance. The model accounted for 21% of the variability in adolescent school performance. The moderator findings presented that gender moderates the causal effect of parental readiness and the adolescent externalising problem with respect to adolescent school performance. This study clearly shows the importance of parental readiness, and that the results are in line with the proposed mediation and moderation effects. The model proposed by this study was strongly supported

Parental readiness, parental care, and adolescent school performance among commuter families in Malaysia: a mediation model

This study aimed (i) to examine the relationship between parental readiness, parental care, and adolescent school performance; and (ii) to test the role of parental care as mediator between parental readiness to commute and the adolescent school performance. Quantitative test was employed in this study, which included correlation study design and path analysis. Two sets of questionnaires were used to gather the information from adolescent (Parental Care) and parent (Parental Readiness) among the commuter families. However, the adolescent school performance provided by the school management. Pearson Correlation Test was first conducted to analyse the relationship between research variables and path analysis was that used to test the mediation effect. A total of 217 parent-adolescent (dyadic relationship) respondents from commuter families in Peninsular Malaysia were included in this study. The findings showed that all correlations were statistically significant and analysis of structural equation modeling revealed full mediation model of parental care between parental readiness and adolescent school performance. The total direct effect was 0.11; whilst the total indirect effect was 0.3213. This implicates the importance of mediation effect between parental readiness, parental care and adolescent school performance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study conducted in Malaysia to investigate the mediation effect on parental care between their readiness to commute against adolescent school performance. Our earlier study suggested a different lifestyle between commuter and conventional family model in Malaysia. Therefore, the importance of parental readiness and their roles in commuter families need to be addressed to ensure the lifestyle of commuter families in Malaysia do not affect adolescent school performance

Commuter families: parental readiness, family environment and adolescent school performance

The lifestyle of commuter families contradicts with the traditional families model in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of commuter family on adolescents’ school performance via a simple mediation model. A total of 434 respondents were involved in this study. Results revealed that parental readiness and family environment significantly predicted adolescent school performance. The model accounted 22% of variability in adolescents’ school performance explained by the model (total effect 0.44). Family environment partially mediates the relationship between parental readiness and adolescent school performance. This study highlights the importance of parental readiness to maintain a healthy family development

Relationship between personality, misbehavior and academic achievement among freshmen in a university

The national educational philosophy stated that the aim of education is to produce individuals not only knowledgeable but also possessing healthy personality. It is therefore the aim of this paper to determine the relationship between personality, misbehavior and academic achievement among freshmen at a local higher educational institution. The methodology employed in this study is descriptive correlation. The sample size is 372 first year students (180 boys and 192 girls) from 12 residential colleges of the university. The Eysenck Junior Personality Inventory was utilized to measure the personality aspect. By using the pearson correlation analysis, the results showed that there were a significant negative correlation (r=-0.191, p<0.01) between the extrovert scores and academic achievement and a significant positive correlations between neurotic scores and academic achievement. Findings also show that there was no relationship between misbehavior and academic achievement. In conclusion, the findings showed that individuals with good academic performance do not necessarily have good personality

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Bimbingan ibu bapa, persekitaran keluarga dan masalah kecelaruan sebagai pengantara hubungan kesediaan ibu bapa dengan prestasi remaja di sekolah dalam kalangan keluarga komuter

Peningkatan keluarga komuter di Malaysia semakin ketara. Gaya hidup keluarga komuter yang pisah berjauhan dengan keluarga asas serta berbeza dengan model keluarga konvensional di Malaysia telah mula dipersoalkan impak dan cabarannya ke atas kesejahteraan dan perkembangan keluarga. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini bertujuan memperihal bentuk dan kesan pengantaraan bagi hubungan antara kesediaan ibu bapa dengan prestasi remaja melalui tiga pengantara iaitu bimbingan ibu bapa, persekitaran keluarga dan kecelaruan dengan masalah tingkah laku remaja. Kajian ini turut meneroka profile responden, tahap pencapaian prestasi remaja, tahap bimbingan ibu bapa, dimensi persekitaran keluarga komuter, pola kecelaruan dengan masalah tingkah laku remaja, dan tahap kesediaan ibu bapa dalam gaya hidup keluarga komuter. Model Pengantaraan Prestasi Remaja Keluarga Komuter (PPRKK) dicadangkan dalam kajian ini. Pendekatan kuantitatif yang melibatkan reka bentuk deskriptif, reka bentuk korelasi dan reka bentuk sebab-akibat digunakan dalam proses penganalisisan. Analisis deskriptif dan analisis inferensi dilakukan dengan program SPSS dan perisian grafik AMOS. Sejumlah 217 keluarga komuter negeri Selangor dipilih sebagai sampel kajian melalui persampelan rawak kelompok pelbagai peringkat. Pengumpulan data dijalankan dengan menggunakan empat instrumen iaitu Inventori Bimbingan Ibu Bapa, Skala Persekitaran Keluarga, Laporan Kendiri Remaja dan Inventori Kesediaan Ibu Bapa. Prestasi remaja di sekolah diperoleh daripada pihak pengurusan sekolah. Ujian korelasi, penganalisisan model pengukuran, penganalisisan model struktur dan penganalisisan model pengantaraan dijalankan bagi memperoleh hasil kajian. Dapatan kajian melaporkan majoriti remaja (peperiksaan 71.4%; kokurikulum 95.4%) mencapai prestasi pada tahap gred B dan ke bawah. Remaja memberi persepsi bahawa mereka jarang (n=84; 38.7%) dan tidak pernah (n=39; 18%) menerima bimbingan ibu bapa yang secukupnya. Kehidupan sekeluarga lebih berorientasikan pencapaian, agama dan moral. Aktiviti kebudayaan dan rekreasi sesama anggota keluarga kurang namun kawalan ibu bapa ke atas pergerakan remaja ditafsirkan ketat walaupun hidup pisah berjauhan. Bagi kecelaruan dan masalah tingkah laku, remaja didapati mempunyai skor min tinggi dalam kecelaruan (lelaki M=17.3), masalah tumpuan (lelaki M=6.5; perempuan M=5.7) dan masalah sosial (lelaki M=6.8; perempuan M=6.4) jika dibandingkan dengan kumpulan subjek rujukan (diperolehi daripada manual instrumen). Dapatan menjelaskan bahawa 66.7% responden ibu bapa berada pada tahap pertimbangan dan kesediaan untuk menerima gaya hidup keluarga komuter. Ini menjelaskan bahawa pasangan ibu bapa di Malaysia masih belum bersedia untuk menerima dan melibatkan diri dalam gaya hidup berkomuter. Ujian korelasi Pearson menunjukkan bahawa pemboleh ubah mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan kecuali aspek kecelaruan dan masalah-masalah lain. Pemodelan persamaan struktur melaporkan bimbingan ibu bapa, persekitaran keluarga, masalah tingkah laku dan kesediaan ibu bapa merupakan peramal ke atas prestasi remaja. Sumbangan Model PPRKK ke atas prestasi remaja adalah 38% dengan kesan keseluruhan model 0.69. Kesemua peramal mempengaruhi pretasi remaja secara signifikan kecuali masalah tingkah laku remaja (! =0.11; p=0.130). Model merumuskan bahawa bimbingan ibu bapa memberi pengaruh terbesar ke atas prestasi remaja di sekolah iaitu 0.41. Ini ikuti dengan kesediaan ibu bapa 0.32. Ketiga-tiga pengantara memainkan peranan penting dalam memberi impak dan kesan ke atas hubungan antara kesediaan ibu bapa dengan prestasi remaja. Model PPRKK disahkan merupakan model pengantaraan yang diterima. Persekitaran keluarga dan bimbingan ibu bapa masing-masing memberi kesan pengantaraan separa ke atas hubungan antara kesediaan ibu bapa dengan prestasi remaja dalam Model PPRKK. Jumlah pengaruh keseluruhan model cadangan dan sumbangan keseluruhan yang tinggi telah menyokong kepentingan bentuk dan kesan model pengantaraan yang dicadangkan. Secara kesimpulannya, kajian ini melaporkan kepentingan kesediaan ibu bapa, bimbingan ibu bapa, persekitaran keluarga dan masalah tingkah laku remaja ke atas prestasi remaja bagi keluarga komuter. Model Pengantaraan Prestasi Remaja Keluarga Komuter (PPRKK) yang dicadangkan adalah sah, diterima dan padan dengan data yang dicerap

ONLINE LEARNING READINESS AND SATISFACTION DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN FOUR ASIAN COUNTRIES

Background and Purpose: Online learning has become a new norm to higher education institutions in the developing countries since COVID-19 pandemic. An overnight shift from conventional physical learning to online learning in this pandemic moment has posed a major challenge to most of the educational institutions. Student’s readiness and satisfaction towards online learning activities are important to ensure the effectiveness of this new learning method. Therefore, this study aims to examine the online learning readiness and satisfaction among the university students from four Asian countries during COVID-19 pandemic. The domains of the examinations included student learning preference, self- direction, self-efficacy, and hardware-soft skill support. &nbsp; Methodology: This survey research employed a quantitative approach to gather data. The sample respondents were 1,195 university students from Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and China, selected using a simple random sampling method. Online questionnaires were distributed to the respondents, comprising 37 items including demographic profiles, satisfaction, and online learning readiness assessment. The survey responses were analysed descriptively and inferentially using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. &nbsp; Findings: Results showed that 74.7% of the participants had a middle level of online learning readiness, and only 20.1% had high online learning readiness. The levels of online learning readiness varied among the participating countries. The participants lacked online learning preference, as shown in the lower mean scores compared to the means of self-direction, self-efficacy, and hardware-soft skill supports. For satisfaction, students reflected that online course required improvement, as observed in only 31% satisfaction with the online learning courses provided. The results also revealed that there was a significant positive correlation (r=.383) between online learning readiness and students’ satisfaction. &nbsp; Contributions: This study provides preliminary insights into the preparedness of online learning in higher educational institutions in the Asian countries. It implies a potential disruptive impact on the educational system during the pandemic. Such perspectives are crucial for educators to understand students’ readiness and perceptions as a means of providing more effective online courses. &nbsp; Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, online learning readiness, higher education, satisfaction. &nbsp; Cite as: Yan-Li, S., Na, J., Pamanee, K., &amp; Sriyanto, J. (2022).&nbsp;Online learning readiness and satisfaction during COVID-19 pandemic among university students in four Asian countries.&nbsp;Journal of Nusantara Studies, 7(2), 245-269. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss2pp245-26