664 research outputs found
Bariatric Surgery in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine condition in premenopausal women and is a common cause of anovulatory subfertility. Although obesity does not form part of the diagnostic criteria, it affects a significant proportion of women with PCOS and is strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of the disease. Both PCOS and obesity are known to impact fertility in women; obesity also reduces the success of assisted reproductive technology (ART). With or without pharmacotherapy, lifestyle intervention remains the first-line treatment in women with PCOS and obesity. Bariatric surgery is still an experimental treatment in women with PCOS and subfertility. This review will present an overview of the pathophysiology of PCOS and obesity and the role of bariatric surgery. Although data are sparse regarding the impact of bariatric surgery on subfertility in women with PCOS and obesity, existing studies point to a beneficial role in treating metabolic and reproductive dysfunction. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
WroNG -- Wroclaw Neutrino Generator of events for single pion production
We constructed a new Monte Carlo generator of events for neutrino CC single
pion production on free nucleon targets. The code uses dynamical models of the
DIS with the PDFs modified according to the recent JLab data and of the Delta
excitation. A comparison with experimental data was done in three channels for
the total cross sections and for the distributions of events in invariant
hadronic mass.Comment: 6 pages, 13 figures, Presented by J.T. Sobczyk at the 3rd
International Workshop on Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions in the Few-GeV
Region, 17-21 March, Gran Sasso(Italy),to appear in the Proceeding
High Energy Neutrinos from Gamma-Ray Bursts
Observations suggest that gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are produced by the
dissipation of the kinetic energy of a relativistic fireball. In this talk,
recent work on the production of high energy neutrinos by GRB fireballs is
reviewed. A significant fraction of GRB energy is expected to be converted to
an accompanying burst of high energy neutrinos. Photomeson interactions produce
a burst of ~100 TeV neutrinos in coincidence with the GRB, and a burst of
\~10^18 eV neutrinos following the GRB on a time scale of 10 s. Inelastic p-n
nuclear collisions result in the production of a burst of ~10 GeV neutrinos in
coincidence with the GRB. Planned 1 km^3 neutrino telescopes are expected to
detect tens of 100 TeV neutrino events, and several 10^18 eV events, correlated
with GRBs per year. A suitably densely spaced detector may allow the detection
of several 10 GeV events per year. The detection of high-energy neutrino events
correlated with GRBs will allow to constrain GRB progenitor models and to test
the suggestion that GRBs accelerate protons to >10^20 eV. Moreover, such
detection will allow to test for neutrino properties, e.g. flavor oscillations
(for which upward moving tau's would be a unique signature) and coupling to
gravity, with an accuracy many orders of magnitude better than is currently
possible.Comment: Neutrino 2000, Invited lectur
Orion Portable Fire Extinguisher Performance Testing Against a Laptop Lithium-Ion Battery Stored-Energy Fire-Method, Magnesium Fires, and Combustion By-Product Toxicity
As part of the qualification of the International Space Station (ISS) fine water mist portable fire extinguisher (PFE), several test methods were developed to determine firefighting capability against stored-energy sources. The most challenging of these devised stored-energy fire test methods proved to be the Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery fire test scenario. The Orion crew capsule will utilize a different PFE technology from ISS (water spray rather than water mist), which spurred the need for the same type of evaluation focused on the sources of stored energy slated for use on Orion. Laptops were identified as a realistic source for stored-energy fires, requiring a modified Li-ion battery fire test scenario. In addition to open test cell (ambient oxygen concentration) testing to evaluate new proposed PFE performance, sealed chamber (20.9% and elevated oxygen concentration) testing was also performed. Chamber testing included combustion product sampling at various fire progression points for analysis and application to Orion emergency equipment design and response planning. The PFE stored-energy fire test methodology was modified and testing performed. Initial tests indicated ignition of the laptop magnesium laptop cases was possible. Additional tests were performed to characterize the laptop magnesium case fire behavior in various configurations. The new water spray PFE technology proved effective in extinguishing laptop stored-energy fires, and much was learned in the way these types of fires progressed. Findings indicate potential laptop magnesium case ignition mitigation strategies need to be further investigated
Woods and Russell, Hill, and the emergence of medical statistics
In 1937, Austin Bradford Hill wrote Principles of Medical Statistics (Lancet: London, 1937) that became renowned throughout the world and is widely associated with the birth of modern medical statistics. Some 6 years earlier Hilda Mary Woods and William Thomas Russell, colleagues of Hill at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, wrote a similar book An Introduction to Medical Statistics (PS King and Son: London, 1931) that is little known today. We trace the origins of these two books from the foundations of early demography and vital statistics, and make a detailed examination of some of their chapters. It is clear that these texts mark a watershed in the history of medical statistics that demarcates the vital statistics of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries from the modern discipline. Moreover, we consider that the book by Woods and Russell is of some importance in the development of medical statistics and we describe and acknowledge their place in the history of this discipline. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Measurement of single pi0 production in neutral current neutrino interactions with water by a 1.3 GeV wide band muon neutrino beam
Neutral current single pi0 production induced by neutrinos with a mean energy
of 1.3 GeV is measured at a 1000 ton water Cherenkov detector as a near
detector of the K2K long baseline neutrino experiment. The cross section for
this process relative to the total charged current cross section is measured to
be 0.064 +- 0.001 (stat.) +- 0.007 (sys.). The momentum distribution of
produced pi0s is measured and is found to be in good agreement with an
expectation from the present knowledge of the neutrino cross sections.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, Submitted to Phys. Lett.
Gamma-Ray Bursts: The Underlying Model
A pedagogical derivation is presented of the ``fireball'' model of gamma-ray
bursts, according to which the observable effects are due to the dissipation of
the kinetic energy of a relativistically expanding wind, a ``fireball.'' The
main open questions are emphasized, and key afterglow observations, that
provide support for this model, are briefly discussed. The relativistic outflow
is, most likely, driven by the accretion of a fraction of a solar mass onto a
newly born (few) solar mass black hole. The observed radiation is produced once
the plasma has expanded to a scale much larger than that of the underlying
``engine,'' and is therefore largely independent of the details of the
progenitor, whose gravitational collapse leads to fireball formation. Several
progenitor scenarios, and the prospects for discrimination among them using
future observations, are discussed. The production in gamma- ray burst
fireballs of high energy protons and neutrinos, and the implications of burst
neutrino detection by kilometer-scale telescopes under construction, are
briefly discussed.Comment: In "Supernovae and Gamma Ray Bursters", ed. K. W. Weiler, Lecture
Notes in Physics, Springer-Verlag (in press); 26 pages, 2 figure
Time to get personal? The impact of researchers choices on the selection of treatment targets using the experience sampling methodology:The impact of researchers choices on the selection of treatment targets using the experience sampling methodology
OBJECTIVE: One of the promises of the experience sampling methodology (ESM) is that a statistical analysis of an individual’s emotions, cognitions and behaviors in everyday-life could be used to identify relevant treatment targets. A requisite for clinical implementation is that outcomes of such person-specific time-series analyses are not wholly contingent on the researcher performing them. METHODS: To evaluate this, we crowdsourced the analysis of one individual patient’s ESM data to 12 prominent research teams, asking them what symptom(s) they would advise the treating clinician to target in subsequent treatment. RESULTS: Variation was evident at different stages of the analysis, from preprocessing steps (e.g., variable selection, clustering, handling of missing data) to the type of statistics and rationale for selecting targets. Most teams did include a type of vector autoregressive model, examining relations between symptoms over time. Although most teams were confident their selected targets would provide useful information to the clinician, not one recommendation was similar: both the number (0–16) and nature of selected targets varied widely. CONCLUSION: This study makes transparent that the selection of treatment targets based on personalized models using ESM data is currently highly conditional on subjective analytical choices and highlights key conceptual and methodological issues that need to be addressed in moving towards clinical implementation
Symptom patterns in women with premenstrual syndrome complaints: a prospective assessment using a marker for ovulation and screening criteria for adequate ovarian function
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72929/1/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01727.x.pd
Measurement of the cross-section and charge asymmetry of bosons produced in proton-proton collisions at TeV with the ATLAS detector
This paper presents measurements of the and cross-sections and the associated charge asymmetry as a
function of the absolute pseudorapidity of the decay muon. The data were
collected in proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with
the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to a total integrated luminosity
of 20.2~\mbox{fb^{-1}}. The precision of the cross-section measurements
varies between 0.8% to 1.5% as a function of the pseudorapidity, excluding the
1.9% uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The charge asymmetry is measured
with an uncertainty between 0.002 and 0.003. The results are compared with
predictions based on next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations with various
parton distribution functions and have the sensitivity to discriminate between
them.Comment: 38 pages in total, author list starting page 22, 5 figures, 4 tables,
submitted to EPJC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at
https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-13
- …