41 research outputs found
On the Existence of a Kazantzis-Kravaris/Luenberger Observer
We state sufficient conditions for the existence, on a given open set, of the
extension, to nonlinear systems, of the Luenberger observer as it has been
proposed by Kazantzis and Kravaris. We prove it is sufficient to choose the
dimension of the system, giving the observer, less than or equal to 2 + twice
the dimension of the state to be observed. We show that it is sufficient to
know only an approximation of the solution of a PDE, needed for the
implementation. We establish a link with high gain observers. Finally we extend
our results to systems satisfying an unboundedness observability property
Two Physical Methods for the Quantitative Determination of One Component of a Mixture of Gases
Genomes of trombidid mites reveal novel predicted allergens and laterally-transferred genes associated with secondary metabolism
Trombidid mites have a unique lifecycle in which only the larval stage is ectoparasitic. In the superfamily Trombiculoidea (βchiggersβ), the larvae feed preferentially on vertebrates, including humans. Species in the genus Leptotrombidium are vectors of a potentially fatal bacterial infection, scrub typhus, which affects 1 million people annually. Moreover, chiggers can cause pruritic dermatitis (trombiculiasis) in humans and domesticated animals. In the Trombidioidea (velvet mites), the larvae feed on other arthropods and are potential biological control agents for agricultural pests. Here, we present the first trombidid mites genomes, obtained both for a chigger, Leptotrombidium deliense, and for a velvet mite, Dinothrombium tinctorium
Perspectives on Immunoglobulins in Colostrum and Milk
Immunoglobulins form an important component of the immunological activity found in milk and colostrum. They are central to the immunological link that occurs when the mother transfers passive immunity to the offspring. The mechanism of transfer varies among mammalian species. Cattle provide a readily available immune rich colostrum and milk in large quantities, making those secretions important potential sources of immune products that may benefit humans. Immune milk is a term used to describe a range of products of the bovine mammary gland that have been tested against several human diseases. The use of colostrum or milk as a source of immunoglobulins, whether intended for the neonate of the species producing the secretion or for a different species, can be viewed in the context of the types of immunoglobulins in the secretion, the mechanisms by which the immunoglobulins are secreted, and the mechanisms by which the neonate or adult consuming the milk then gains immunological benefit. The stability of immunoglobulins as they undergo processing in the milk, or undergo digestion in the intestine, is an additional consideration for evaluating the value of milk immunoglobulins. This review summarizes the fundamental knowledge of immunoglobulins found in colostrum, milk, and immune milk