Exploratory serosurvey for antibodies to avian pathogens in backyard chickens from a satellite community of Jalapa City, Guatemala

An exploratory serosurvey was conducted to determine the presence of circulating antibodies to avian pathogens in backyard chickens from Los Achiotes (LAC), a satellite community of Jalapa City, located in eastern Guatemala. Blood samples from 51 adult chickens belonging to 51 households were taken and investigated for the presence of antibodies to Avian Influenza (AI), Newcastle Disease (ND), Infectious Bronchitis (IB), Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and M. synoviae (MS). Antibodies for AI, ND, were investigated by Hemagglutination Inhibition, for IB and IBD by ELISA (BioChek®) and for MG and MS by a rapid serum plate agglutination test. The cut-off point for positive titers was 1:4 for AI and ND and a 0.2 S/P ratio for IB and IBD. All sampled chickens were positive for concomitant antibodies to various pathogens. Over half of the chickens were positive reactors to antibodies to all six tested pathogens; about a third carried antibodies to five and the rest to four or three. The frequencies of positive reactors were: AI = 27 (53%); ND = 49 (96.1%); IB = 50 (98%); IBD = 51 (100%); MG = 45 (88%) and MS = 48 (94%). The results show that the dynamic population of backyard chickens in LAC could be a potential threat to backyard poultry, farm poultry, wild birds and human population. The need to develop interventions and policies following the One Health approach (animal health to achieve human health) is stressed

Caracterización de enfermedades dermatológicas de caninos atendidos en el Hospital Veterinario de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala

A retrospective study of canine patients with dermatopathies treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics of the University of San Carlos of Guatemala in 2017 was carried out. The diseases were classified using the DAMNITIV rule, and considering the variables sex, age and breed. The prevalence of dermatopathies was 27.1% (n=305). The most frequent pathologies were neoplasms, followed by infectious and allergic agents. The greatest casuistry was represented by canines of undefined breed and in females. The average age of affected patients was 6.9 ± 0.2 years.Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de pacientes caninos con dermopatías atendidos en el Hospital Veterinario de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala en 2017. Las enfermedades fueron clasificadas utilizando la regla VITAMIND (DAMNITIV, por sus siglas en inglés), y considerando las variables sexo, edad y raza. La prevalencia de dermopatías fue de 27.1% (n=305). Las patologías con mayores frecuencias fueron las neoplasias, seguido de agentes infecciosos y alérgicos. La mayor casuística fue representada por caninos sin raza definida y en hembras. La edad promedio de los pacientes afectados fue de 6.9 ± 0.2 años

La ecografía. Más que un método complementario en el diagnóstico de dirofilariasis canina. Reporte de caso

Heartworm disease is a parasitic infection with worldwide distribution, caused by the Dirofilaria immitis nematode and transmitted by culicid mosquitoes, with canines being the main hosts. Serologic tests provide some diagnostic help but are not conclusive. This report describes a clinical case of a canine in which the serological tests for filarial detection and the tests for the detection of microfilaraemia were inconclusive. However, the use of standardized protocols using ultrasound as part of the physical examination, evidenced the presence of cardiac filarials. The importance of reporting this case is to present a clinical protocol that includes cardiac ultrasound for an accurate diagnostic approach.La dirofilariosis cardiaca es una enfermedad de distribución mundial, causada por el nematodo Dirofilaria immitis y transmitida por mosquitos culícidos, siendo los caninos los hospederos principales. Las pruebas serológicas proporcionan cierta ayuda diagnóstica, pero no son concluyentes. En el presente reporte se describe un caso clínico de un canino en el cual las pruebas serológicas para detección de filarias y las pruebas para detección de microfilaremias no fueron concluyentes. Sin embargo, el uso de protocolos estandarizados empleando el ultrasonido como parte del examen físico, evidenció la presencia de filarias cardiacas. La importancia de reportar este caso es presentar un protocolo clínico que incluye el ultrasonido cardíaco para una aproximación diagnóstica certera

Azimuthal anisotropy of charged jet production in root s(NN)=2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions

We present measurements of the azimuthal dependence of charged jet production in central and semi-central root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions with respect to the second harmonic event plane, quantified as nu(ch)(2) (jet). Jet finding is performed employing the anti-k(T) algorithm with a resolution parameter R = 0.2 using charged tracks from the ALICE tracking system. The contribution of the azimuthal anisotropy of the underlying event is taken into account event-by-event. The remaining (statistical) region-to-region fluctuations are removed on an ensemble basis by unfolding the jet spectra for different event plane orientations independently. Significant non-zero nu(ch)(2) (jet) is observed in semi-central collisions (30-50% centrality) for 20 <p(T)(ch) (jet) <90 GeV/c. The azimuthal dependence of the charged jet production is similar to the dependence observed for jets comprising both charged and neutral fragments, and compatible with measurements of the nu(2) of single charged particles at high p(T). Good agreement between the data and predictions from JEWEL, an event generator simulating parton shower evolution in the presence of a dense QCD medium, is found in semi-central collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

Pseudorapidity and transverse-momentum distributions of charged particles in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The pseudorapidity (eta) and transverse-momentum (p(T)) distributions of charged particles produced in proton-proton collisions are measured at the centre-of-mass energy root s = 13 TeV. The pseudorapidity distribution in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1.8 is reported for inelastic events and for events with at least one charged particle in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1. The pseudorapidity density of charged particles produced in the pseudorapidity region vertical bar eta vertical bar <0.5 is 5.31 +/- 0.18 and 6.46 +/- 0.19 for the two event classes, respectively. The transverse-momentum distribution of charged particles is measured in the range 0.15 <p(T) <20 GeV/c and vertical bar eta vertical bar <0.8 for events with at least one charged particle in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1. The evolution of the transverse momentum spectra of charged particles is also investigated as a function of event multiplicity. The results are compared with calculations from PYTHIA and EPOS Monte Carlo generators. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

Elliptic flow of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at forward rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

The elliptic flow, v(2), of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at forward rapidity (2.5 <y <4) is measured in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)= 2.76TeVwith the ALICE detector at the LHC. The scalar product, two- and four-particle Q cumulants and Lee-Yang zeros methods are used. The dependence of the v(2) of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays on the collision centrality, in the range 0-40%, and on transverse momentum, p(T), is studied in the interval 3 <p(T)<10 GeV/c. A positive v(2) is observed with the scalar product and two-particle Q cumulants in semi-central collisions (10-20% and 20-40% centrality classes) for the p(T) interval from 3 to about 5GeV/c with a significance larger than 3 sigma, based on the combination of statistical and systematic uncertainties. The v(2) magnitude tends to decrease towards more central collisions and with increasing pT. It becomes compatible with zero in the interval 6 <p(T)<10 GeV/c. The results are compared to models describing the interaction of heavy quarks and open heavy-flavour hadrons with the high-density medium formed in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Centrality evolution of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density over a broad pseudorapidity range in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

Peer reviewe

Evaluación de la toxicidad aguda del extracto cítrico de liliáceas en ratones Mus musculus

Los grupos experimentales fueron clasificados según dosis base administrada de la siguiente manera: Grupo 1 (0.4 μl/g), grupo 2 (2 μl/g), grupo 3 (10 μl/g), grupo 4 (50 μl/g) y grupo control. Observé los ratones, previo al inicio del estudio. El periodo de observación fue de ocho días para determinar enfermedad aparente. Calculé dosis y volumen a administrar del extracto a cada individuo según su peso y grupo que pertenecían. Suministré el extracto por vía oral a cada individuo y observé signos y mortalidad de estos durante las 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 y 120 hrs. Retiré a los animales que murieron y procedí a realizar la necropsia. Sacrifiqué a los animales que no murieron durante el transcurso del experimento utilizando el compuesto químico cloroformo por la vía de inhalación y procedí a realizar la necropsia. Realicé el examen histopatológico de los cortes tisulares de los órganos. Registré las lesiones observadas. Utilicé regresión Probit para determinar DL50 (2.02 μl/g). Las principales lesiones observadas fueron daño en mucosa gástrica y duodenal, daño hepático y renal

Exploratory serosurvey for antibodies to avian pathogens in backyard chickens from a satellite community of Jalapa City, Guatemala

An exploratory serosurvey was conducted to determine the presence of circulating antibodies to avian pathogens in backyard chickens from Los Achiotes (LAC), a satellite community of Jalapa City, located in eastern Guatemala. Blood samples from 51 adult chickens belonging to 51 households were taken and investigated for the presence of antibodies to Avian Influenza (AI), Newcastle Disease (ND), Infectious Bronchitis (IB), Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and M. synoviae (MS). Antibodies for AI, ND, were investigated by Hemagglutination Inhibition, for IB and IBD by ELISA (BioChek®) and for MG and MS by a rapid serum plate agglutination test. The cut-off point for positive titers was 1:4 for AI and ND and a 0.2 S/P ratio for IB and IBD. All sampled chickens were positive for concomitant antibodies to various pathogens. Over half of the chickens were positive reactors to antibodies to all six tested pathogens; about a third carried antibodies to five and the rest to four or three. The frequencies of positive reactors were: AI = 27 (53%); ND = 49 (96.1%); IB = 50 (98%); IBD = 51 (100%); MG = 45 (88%) and MS = 48 (94%). The results show that the dynamic population of backyard chickens in LAC could be a potential threat to backyard poultry, farm poultry, wild birds and human population. The need to develop interventions and policies following the One Health approach (animal health to achieve human health) is stressed

Caracterización de enfermedades neurológicas en caninos: Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, año 2017

Objective. Determine the case frequency of neurological diseases, as well as age, race, and the affected neuroanatomical site. Materials and methods. A retrospective study of the clinical records of the canine patients treated at the veterinary hospital of the Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry Faculty of the University of San Carlos of Guatemala on year 2017. The data were classified according to the VITAMIN D mnemonic rule. The variables sex, race, age and neuroanatomic location of lesions were included. The data were summarized and analyzed using descriptive statistics through frequency distribution tables. Results. Of the 1127 case records, the prevalence of neurological diseases was 8.43%. The frequency was higher in males that in females (53.68% vs 46.32%). The age group most affected is between zero and seven years old. Regarding breeds, a higher frequency was observed in dogs without a defined breed (25.53%) followed by French Poodle dogs (20.21%). The pathologies frequencies found were: vascular (1.05%), inflammatory / infectious (25.26%), traumatic (13.68%), metabolic (8.42%), idiopathic (6.32%), neoplastic (1.05%) and degenerative (44.21%). The most frequent neurolocation was at the level of the SNC (86.32%). Conclusions. According to the findings of this study, it was determined that degenerative diseases represented most of the neurological case frequency. The highest frequency of cases occurred in young canine patients, males of mixed breeds. The most frequent neuroanatomic site of lesions was in the spinal cord at the thoracolumbar level.Objetivo. Determinar la casuística de enfermedades neurológicas, así como la edad, raza y los sitios neuroanatómicos afectados. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de los expedientes clínicos de los pacientes caninos atendidos en el Hospital Veterinario de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala en el año 2017. Los datos fueron clasificados según la regla nemotécnica VITAMIN D. Se incluyeron las variables sexo, raza, edad y localización neuroanatómica de lesiones. Los datos fueron resumidos utilizando estadística descriptiva por medio de tablas de distribución de frecuencias. Resultados. De los 1,127 registros de casos la prevalencia de enfermedades neurológicas fue de 8.43%. La frecuencia fue mayor en machos que en hembras (53.68% vs 46.32%). El grupo etario más afectado oscila entre los cero y los siete años. Respecto a razas, se observó una mayor frecuencia en caninos sin raza definida (25.53%) seguido de los perros French Poodle (20.21%). Las patologías encontradas fueron: vascular (1.05%), inflamatoria/ infecciosa (25.26%), traumática (13.68%), metabólica (8.42%), idiopática (6.32%), neoplásica (1.05%) y degenerativa (44.21%). La neurolocalización más frecuente fue a nivel de SNC (86.32%). Conclusiones. Según los hallazgos de este estudio se determinó que las enfermedades de carácter degenerativo representaron la mayor parte de la casuística neurológica. La mayor frecuencia de casos se presentó en pacientes caninos jóvenes, machos de razas mixtas. El sitio neuroanatómico más frecuente de localización de lesiones fue en medula espinal a nivel toracolumbar