A sharp condition for scattering of the radial 3d cubic nonlinear Schroedinger equation

We consider the problem of identifying sharp criteria under which radial $H^1$ (finite energy) solutions to the focusing 3d cubic nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation (NLS) $i\partial_t u + \Delta u + |u|^2u=0$ scatter, i.e. approach the solution to a linear Schr\"odinger equation as $t\to \pm \infty$. The criteria is expressed in terms of the scale-invariant quantities $\|u_0\|_{L^2}\|\nabla u_0\|_{L^2}$ and $M[u]E[u]$, where $u_0$ denotes the initial data, and $M[u]$ and $E[u]$ denote the (conserved in time) mass and energy of the corresponding solution $u(t)$. The focusing NLS possesses a soliton solution $e^{it}Q(x)$, where $Q$ is the ground-state solution to a nonlinear elliptic equation, and we prove that if $M[u]E[u]<M[Q]E[Q]$ and $\|u_0\|_{L^2}\|\nabla u_0\|_{L^2} < \|Q\|_{L^2}\|\nabla Q\|_{L^2}$, then the solution $u(t)$ is globally well-posed and scatters. This condition is sharp in the sense that the soliton solution $e^{it}Q(x)$, for which equality in these conditions is obtained, is global but does not scatter. We further show that if $M[u]E[u] \|Q\|_{L^2}\|\nabla Q\|_{L^2}$, then the solution blows-up in finite time. The technique employed is parallel to that employed by Kenig-Merle \cite{KM06a} in their study of the energy-critical NLS

Building The Sugarcane Genome For Biotechnology And Identifying Evolutionary Trends

Background: Sugarcane is the source of sugar in all tropical and subtropical countries and is becoming increasingly important for bio-based fuels. However, its large (10 Gb), polyploid, complex genome has hindered genome based breeding efforts. Here we release the largest and most diverse set of sugarcane genome sequences to date, as part of an on-going initiative to provide a sugarcane genomic information resource, with the ultimate goal of producing a gold standard genome.Results: Three hundred and seventeen chiefly euchromatic BACs were sequenced. A reference set of one thousand four hundred manually-annotated protein-coding genes was generated. A small RNA collection and a RNA-seq library were used to explore expression patterns and the sRNA landscape. In the sucrose and starch metabolism pathway, 16 non-redundant enzyme-encoding genes were identified. One of the sucrose pathway genes, sucrose-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase, is duplicated in sugarcane and sorghum, but not in rice and maize. A diversity analysis of the s6pp duplication region revealed haplotype-structured sequence composition. Examination of hom(e)ologous loci indicate both sequence structural and sRNA landscape variation. A synteny analysis shows that the sugarcane genome has expanded relative to the sorghum genome, largely due to the presence of transposable elements and uncharacterized intergenic and intronic sequences.Conclusion: This release of sugarcane genomic sequences will advance our understanding of sugarcane genetics and contribute to the development of molecular tools for breeding purposes and gene discovery. © 2014 de Setta et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.151European Commission: Agriculture and Rural Development: Sugar http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/sugar/index_en.htmKellogg, E.A., Evolutionary history of the grasses (2001) Plant Physiol, 125, pp. 1198-1205Grivet, L., Arruda, P., Sugarcane genomics: depicting the complex genome of an important tropical crop (2001) Curr Opin Plant Biol, 5, pp. 122-127Piperidis, G., Piperidis, N., D'Hont, A., Molecular cytogenetic investigation of chromosome composition and transmission in sugarcane (2010) Mol Genet Genomics, 284, pp. 65-73D'Hont, A., Unraveling the genome structure of polyploids using FISH and GISHexamples of sugarcane and banana (2005) Cytogenet Genome Res, 109, pp. 27-33D'Hont, A., Glaszmann, J.C., Sugarcane genome analysis with molecular markers: a first decade of research (2001) Int Soc Sugar Cane Technol Proc XXIV Congr, pp. 556-559Tomkins, J., Yu, Y., Miller-Smith, H., Frisch, D., Woo, S., Wing, R., A bacterial artificial chromosome library for sugarcane (1999) Theor Appl Genet, 99, pp. 419-424Vettore, L., Silva, F.R., Kemper, E.L., Souza, G.M., Silva, A.M., Ferro, M., Henrique-Silva, F., Monteiro-Vitorello, C.B., Analysis and functional annotation of an expressed sequence tag collection for tropical crop sugarcane (2003) Genome Res, 13, pp. 2725-2735Repbase http://www.girinst.org/repbase/Domingues, D.S., Cruz, G.M.Q., Metcalfe, C.J., Nogueira, F.T.S., Vicentini, R., Alves, C.S., Van Sluys, M.-A., Analysis of plant LTR-retrotransposons at the fine-scale family level reveals individual molecular patterns (2012) BMC Genomics, 13, p. 137National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Meyer, F., Paarmann, D., D'Souza, M., Olson, R., Glass, E.M., Kubal, M., Paczian, T., Edwards, R.A., The metagenomics RAST server - a public resource for the automatic phylogenetic and functional analysis of metagenomes (2008) BMC Bioinformatics, 9, p. 386Keeling, P.L., Myers, A.M., Biochemistry and genetics of starch synthesis (2010) Annu Rev Food Sci Technol, 1, pp. 271-303Phytozome v9.1: Home http://www.phytozome.net/Dias, E.S., Carareto, C.M.A., Ancestral polymorphism and recent invasion of transposable elements in Drosophila species (2012) BMC Evol Biol, 12, p. 119Posada, D., Crandall, K., Intraspecific gene genealogies: trees grafting into networks (2001) Trends Ecol Evol, 16, pp. 37-45Swaminathan, K., Alabady, M.S., Varala, K., De Paoli, E., Ho, I., Rokhsar, D.S., Arumuganathan, A.K., Hudson, M.E., Genomic and small RNA sequencing of Miscanthus x giganteus shows the utility of sorghum as a reference genome sequence for Andropogoneae grasses (2010) Genome Biol, 11, pp. R12Zanca, A.S., Vicentini, R., Ortiz-Morea, F.A., Del Bem, L.E., da Silva, M.J., Vincentz, M., Nogueira, F.T., Identification and expression analysis of microRNAs and targets in the biofuel crop sugarcane (2010) BMC Plant Biol, 10, p. 260Piriyapongsa, J., Jordan, I.K., A family of human microRNA genes from miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (2007) PLoS ONE, 2, pp. e203Barrera-Figueroa, B.E., Gao, L., Wu, Z., Zhou, X., Zhu, J., Jin, H., Liu, R., Zhu, J.-K., High throughput sequencing reveals novel and abiotic stress-regulated microRNAs in the inflorescences of rice (2012) BMC Plant Biol, 12, p. 132Nagaki, K., Tsujimoto, H., Sasakuma, T., A novel repetitive sequence of sugar cane, SCEN family, locating on centromeric regions (1998) Chromosom Res, 6, pp. 295-302Nagaki, K., Neumann, P., Zhang, D., Ouyang, S., Buell, C.R., Cheng, Z., Jiang, J., Structure, divergence, and distribution of the CRR centromeric retrotransposon family in rice (2005) Mol Biol Evol, 22, pp. 845-855Vicentini, R., Del Bem, L.E., Van Sluys, M.-A., Nogueira, F., Vincentz, M., Gene content analysis of sugarcane public ESTs reveals thousands of missing coding-genes and an unexpected pool of grasses conserved ncRNAs (2012) Trop Plant Biol, 5, pp. 199-205Kim, C., Lee, T.-H., Compton, R.O., Robertson, J.S., Pierce, G.J., Paterson, A.H., A genome-wide BAC end-sequence survey of sugarcane elucidates genome composition, and identifies BACs covering much of the euchromatin (2013) Plant Mol Biol, 81, pp. 139-147Paterson, A.H., Bowers, J.E., Bruggmann, R., Dubchak, I., Grimwood, J., Gundlach, H., Haberer, G., Carpita, N.C., The Sorghum bicolor genome and the diversification of grasses (2009) Nature, 457, pp. 551-556Chang, Y., Gong, L., Yuan, W., Li, X., Chen, G., Li, X., Zhang, Q., Wu, C., Replication protein A (RPA1a) is required for meiotic and somatic DNA repair but is dispensable for DNA replication and homologous recombination in rice (2009) Plant Physiol, 151, pp. 2162-2173Feschotte, C., Transposable elements and the evolution of regulatory networks (2008) Nat Rev Genet, 9, pp. 397-405Wang, J., Roe, B., Macmil, S., Yu, Q., Murray, J.E., Tang, H., Chen, C., Ming, R., Microcollinearity between autopolyploid sugarcane and diploid sorghum genomes (2010) BMC Genomics, 11, p. 261Garsmeur, O., Charron, C., Bocs, S., Jouffe, V., Samain, S., Couloux, A., Droc, G., D'Hont, A., High homologous gene conservation despite extreme autopolyploid redundancy in sugarcane (2011) New Phytol, 189, pp. 629-642Jannoo, N., Grivet, L., Chantret, N., Garsmeur, O., Glaszmann, J.C., Arruda, P., D'Hont, A., Orthologous comparison in a gene-rich region among grasses reveals stability in the sugarcane polyploid genome (2007) Plant J, 50, pp. 574-585Figueira, T.R.E.S., Okura, V., da Silva, F.R., da Silva, M.J., Kudrna, D., Ammiraju, J.S.S., Talag, J., Arruda, P., A BAC library of the SP80-3280 sugarcane variety (saccharum sp.) and its inferred microsynteny with the sorghum genome (2012) BMC Res Notes, 5, p. 185Schnable, P.S., Ware, D., Fulton, R.S., Stein, J.C., Wei, F., Pasternak, S., Liang, C., Gillam, B., The B73 maize genome: complexity, diversity, and dynamics (2009) Science, 326, pp. 1112-1115Tenaillon, M.I., Hufford, M.B., Gaut, B.S., Ross-Ibarra, J., Genome size and transposable element content as determined by high-throughput sequencing in maize and Zea luxurians (2011) Genome Biol Evol, 3, pp. 219-229Zhang, J., Yu, C., Krishnaswamy, L., Peterson, T., Transposable Elements as Catalysts for Chromosome Rearrangements (2011) Methods Mol Biol, pp. 315-326. , Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, Birchler JAMa, J., Wing, R.A., Bennetzen, J.L., Jackson, S.A., Plant centromere organization: a dynamic structure with conserved functions (2007) Trends Genet, 23, pp. 134-139D'Hont, A., Grivet, L., Feldmann, P., Rao, S., Berding, N., Glaszmann, J.C., Characterisation of the double genome structure of modern sugarcane cultivars (Saccharum spp.) by molecular cytogenetics (1996) Mol Gen Genet, 250, pp. 405-413Bao, Y., Wendel, J.F., Ge, S., Multiple patterns of rDNA evolution following polyploidy in Oryza (2010) Mol Phylogenet Evol, 55, pp. 136-142Lynch, M., (2007) The Origins of Genome Architecture, , Sunderland, Massachussetts, USA: Sinauer Associates IncThe map-based sequence of the rice genome (2005) Nature, 436, pp. 793-800. , International Rice Genome Sequencing ProjectLiu, B., Xu, C., Zhao, N., Qi, B., Kimatu, J.N., Pang, J., Han, F., Rapid genomic changes in polyploid wheat and related species: implications for genome evolution and genetic improvement (2009) J Genet Genomics, 36, pp. 519-528Lisch, D., How important are transposons for plant evolution? (2012) Nat Rev Genet, 14, pp. 49-61Udall, J.A., Wendel, J.F., Polyploidy and crop improvement (2006) Crop Sci, 46, pp. S3-S14Varshney, R.K., Graner, A., Sorrells, M.E., Genomics-assisted breeding for crop improvement (2005) Trends Plant Sci, 10, pp. 621-630Menossi, M., Silva-Filho, M.C., Vincentz, M., Van-Sluys, M.-A., Souza, G.M., Sugarcane functional genomics: gene discovery for agronomic trait development (2008) Int J Plant Genomics, 2008, p. 458732. , doi:10.1155/2008/458732Palhares, A.C., Rodrigues-Morais, T.B., Van Sluys, M.-A., Domingues, D.S., Maccheroni, W., Jordão, H., Souza, A.P., Vieira, M.L.C., A novel linkage map of sugarcane with evidence for clustering of retrotransposon-based markers (2012) BMC Genet, 13, p. 51Andersen, J.R., Lübberstedt, T., Functional markers in plants (2003) Trends Plant Sci, 8, pp. 554-560Kalendar, R., Flavell, A.J., Ellis, T.H.N., Sjakste, T., Moisy, C., Schulman, A., Analysis of plant diversity with retrotransposon-based molecular markers (2011) Heredity (Edinb), 106, pp. 520-530PGML BACMan On The Web: Grasses http://www.plantgenome.uga.edu/bacman/BACManwww.phpRice Genome Annotation Project http://rice.plantbiology.msu.edu/Bowers, J.E., Arias, M.A., Asher, R., Avise, J.A., Ball, R.T., Brewer, G.A., Buss, R.W., Soderlund, C.A., Comparative physical mapping links conservation of microsynteny to chromosome structure and recombination in grasses (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102, pp. 13206-13211Adam-Blondon, A.-F., Bernole, A., Faes, G., Lamoureux, D., Pateyron, S., Grando, M.S., Caboche, M., Chalhoub, B., Construction and characterization of BAC libraries from major grapevine cultivars (2005) Theor Appl Genet, 110, pp. 1363-1371Manetti, M.E., Rossi, M., Cruz, G.M.Q., Saccaro, N.L., Nakabashi, M., Altebarmakian, V., Rodier-Goud, M., Van Sluys, M.A., Mutator system derivatives isolated from sugarcane genome sequence (2012) Trop Plant Biol, 5, pp. 233-243Phrap http://www.phrap.org/RepeatMasker http://www.repeatmasker.org/Jurka, J., Kapitonov, V.V., Pavlicek, A., Klonowski, P., Kohany, O., Repbase update, a database of eukaryotic repetitive elements (2005) Cytogenet Genome Res, 110, pp. 462-467Han, Y., Wessler, S.R., MITE-Hunter: a program for discovering miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements from genomic sequences (2010) Nucleic Acids Res, 38 (22), pp. e199. , doi: 10.1093/nar/gkq862. Epub 2010 Sep 29Frickey, T., Lupas, A., CLANS: a Java application for visualizing protein families based on pairwise similarity (2004) Bioinformatics, 20, pp. 3702-3704Han, Y., Qin, S., Wessler, S.R., Comparison of class 2 transposable elements at superfamily resolution reveals conserved and distinct features in cereal grass genomes (2013) BMC Genomics, 14, p. 71Keller, O., Kollmar, M., Stanke, M., Waack, S., A novel hybrid gene prediction method employing protein multiple sequence alignments (2011) Bioinformatics, 27, pp. 757-763Majoros, W.H., Pertea, M., Salzberg, S.L., TigrScan and GlimmerHMM: two open source ab initio eukaryotic gene-finders (2004) Bioinformatics, 20, pp. 2878-2879Haas, B.J., Delcher, A.L., Mount, S.M., Wortman, J.R., Smith, R.K., Hannick, L.I., Maiti, R., White, O., Improving the Arabidopsis genome annotation using maximal transcript alignment assemblies (2003) Nucleic Acids Res, 31, pp. 5654-5666Haas, B.J., Salzberg, S.L., Zhu, W., Pertea, M., Allen, J.E., Orvis, J., White, O., Wortman, J.R., Automated eukaryotic gene structure annotation using EVidenceModeler and the Program to assemble spliced alignments (2008) Genome Biol, 9, pp. R7Petersen, T.N., Brunak, S., von Heijne, G., Nielsen, H., SignalP 4.0: discriminating signal peptides from transmembrane regions (2011) Nat Methods, 8, pp. 785-786TMHMM Server v. 2.0 http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/TMHMM-2.0/Rutherford, K., Parkhill, J., Crook, J., Horsnell, T., Rice, P., Rajandream, M.A., Barrell, B., Artemis: sequence visualization and annotation (2000) Bioinformatics, 16, pp. 944-945UniProt http://www.uniprot.org/InterPro: Protein sequence analysis and classification http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/Conesa, A., Götz, S., Blast2GO: a comprehensive suite for functional analysis in plant genomics (2008) Int J Plant Genomics, 2008, pp. 1-12SUCEST-FUN Project http://sucest-fun.org/MG-RAST: metagenomics analysis server http://metagenomics.anl.gov/KAAS - KEGG automatic annotation server http://www.genome.jp/kegg/kaas/Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M., Kumar, S., MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods (2011) Mol Biol Evol, 28, pp. 2731-2739Lyons, E., Freeling, M., How to usefully compare homologous plant genes and chromosomes as DNA sequences (2008) Plant J, 53, pp. 661-673Hall, T.A., BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT (1999) Nucleic Acids Symp Ser, 41, pp. 95-98Geneious - Homepage http://www.geneious.com/Heslop-Harrison, P., Schwarzacher, T., (2000) Practical In Situ Hybridization, , Oxford, UK: BIOS Scientific Publishers LtdAljanabi, S., Forget, L., Dookun, A., An improved and rapid protocol for the isolation of polysaccharide-and polyphenol-free sugarcane DNA (1999) Plant Mol Biol Report, 17, pp. 1-8Maq: Mapping and assembly with qualities http://maq.sourceforge.net/SeqMonk http://www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk/projects/seqmonk/Gasic, K., Hernandez, A., Korban, S.S., RNA extraction from different apple tissues rich in polyphenols and polysaccharides for cDNA (2004) Plant Mol Biol Report, 22 (DECEMBER), pp. 437a-437gLi, H., Durbin, R., Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows-Wheeler transform (2009) Bioinformatics, 25, pp. 1754-1760Li, H., Handsaker, B., Wysoker, A., Fennell, T., Ruan, J., Homer, N., Marth, G., Durbin, R., The sequence Alignment/Map format and SAMtools (2009) Bioinformatics, 25, pp. 2078-2079Thompson, J.D., Higgins, D.G., Gibson, T.J., CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice (1994) Nucleic Acids Res, 22, pp. 4673-4680Bandelt, H.J., Forster, P., Röhl, A., Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies (1999) Mol Biol Evol, 16, pp. 37-48Paterson, A.H., Freeling, M., Tang, H., Wang, X., Insights from the comparison of plant genome sequences (2010) Annu Rev Plant Biol, 61, pp. 349-37

Search for a W' boson decaying to a bottom quark and a top quark in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

Results are presented from a search for a W' boson using a dataset corresponding to 5.0 inverse femtobarns of integrated luminosity collected during 2011 by the CMS experiment at the LHC in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV. The W' boson is modeled as a heavy W boson, but different scenarios for the couplings to fermions are considered, involving both left-handed and right-handed chiral projections of the fermions, as well as an arbitrary mixture of the two. The search is performed in the decay channel W' to t b, leading to a final state signature with a single lepton (e, mu), missing transverse energy, and jets, at least one of which is tagged as a b-jet. A W' boson that couples to fermions with the same coupling constant as the W, but to the right-handed rather than left-handed chiral projections, is excluded for masses below 1.85 TeV at the 95% confidence level. For the first time using LHC data, constraints on the W' gauge coupling for a set of left- and right-handed coupling combinations have been placed. These results represent a significant improvement over previously published limits.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters B. Replaced with version publishe

Search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying into two photons in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV

A search for a Higgs boson decaying into two photons is described. The analysis is performed using a dataset recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC from pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, which corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.8 inverse femtobarns. Limits are set on the cross section of the standard model Higgs boson decaying to two photons. The expected exclusion limit at 95% confidence level is between 1.4 and 2.4 times the standard model cross section in the mass range between 110 and 150 GeV. The analysis of the data excludes, at 95% confidence level, the standard model Higgs boson decaying into two photons in the mass range 128 to 132 GeV. The largest excess of events above the expected standard model background is observed for a Higgs boson mass hypothesis of 124 GeV with a local significance of 3.1 sigma. The global significance of observing an excess with a local significance greater than 3.1 sigma anywhere in the search range 110-150 GeV is estimated to be 1.8 sigma. More data are required to ascertain the origin of this excess.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters

Measurement of the Lambda(b) cross section and the anti-Lambda(b) to Lambda(b) ratio with Lambda(b) to J/Psi Lambda decays in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The Lambda(b) differential production cross section and the cross section ratio anti-Lambda(b)/Lambda(b) are measured as functions of transverse momentum pt(Lambda(b)) and rapidity abs(y(Lambda(b))) in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The measurements are based on Lambda(b) decays reconstructed in the exclusive final state J/Psi Lambda, with the subsequent decays J/Psi to an opposite-sign muon pair and Lambda to proton pion, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.9 inverse femtobarns. The product of the cross section times the branching ratio for Lambda(b) to J/Psi Lambda versus pt(Lambda(b)) falls faster than that of b mesons. The measured value of the cross section times the branching ratio for pt(Lambda(b)) > 10 GeV and abs(y(Lambda(b))) < 2.0 is 1.06 +/- 0.06 +/- 0.12 nb, and the integrated cross section ratio for anti-Lambda(b)/Lambda(b) is 1.02 +/- 0.07 +/- 0.09, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters

Search for new physics in events with opposite-sign leptons, jets, and missing transverse energy in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A search is presented for physics beyond the standard model (BSM) in final states with a pair of opposite-sign isolated leptons accompanied by jets and missing transverse energy. The search uses LHC data recorded at a center-of-mass energy sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the CMS detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 5 inverse femtobarns. Two complementary search strategies are employed. The first probes models with a specific dilepton production mechanism that leads to a characteristic kinematic edge in the dilepton mass distribution. The second strategy probes models of dilepton production with heavy, colored objects that decay to final states including invisible particles, leading to very large hadronic activity and missing transverse energy. No evidence for an event yield in excess of the standard model expectations is found. Upper limits on the BSM contributions to the signal regions are deduced from the results, which are used to exclude a region of the parameter space of the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model. Additional information related to detector efficiencies and response is provided to allow testing specific models of BSM physics not considered in this paper.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of isolated photon production in pp and PbPb collisions at sqrt(sNN) = 2.76 TeV

Isolated photon production is measured in proton-proton and lead-lead collisions at nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energies of 2.76 TeV in the pseudorapidity range |eta|<1.44 and transverse energies ET between 20 and 80 GeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The measured ET spectra are found to be in good agreement with next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD predictions. The ratio of PbPb to pp isolated photon ET-differential yields, scaled by the number of incoherent nucleon-nucleon collisions, is consistent with unity for all PbPb reaction centralities.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters