Ф.С. Нортейдж и Английская школа международных отношений

This article is devoted to English historian F.S. Northedge (1918-1985) and his role in the development conception of international society and English School of International relations in 1960-1980. This school consists of small group of scientists and diplomats, who were well educated in elite British universities like Cambridge and Oxford. They were acquainted with each other personally. British Committee for the Theory of International Politics in 1960-1970 was the center for the study of International Society. Such composition of the school demonstrated aristocratic character of the International relations study as intellectual pursuit in United Kingdom. Meanwhile, such people like Charles Manning, Fred Northedge, Edward Carr and some other famous people, who usually were English School members, did not taken part in the British Committee due to different reasons. Thus, F.S. Northedge was untypical participant of English school and his scientific heritage need to be studied. Key factors of his biography and his views on International Policy are studies in the article. “Diplomatic style”, “System of the state” and “International society” were the central concepts in his works. He met with these ideas in the London School of economy, where Charles Manning, Martin Wight and Headley Bull – founders of English School - had worked at International relations chair in different time. The analysis of these categories let make conclusion that F. Northedge agreed with main ideas of English School of International relations. But at the same time he understood them very originally. His system of the views demonstrated that British Committee for the Theory of International Politics, but not London School of economy, was the main center for the development conception of International Society in 1960-1980

The aspects of roll-forming process dynamics

This article contains the analysis of tube expander dynamics in complex interaction of structural elements of heat-exchange tubes attachment assembly in the process of roll-forming operation, description of dynamic process theoretical aspect. It is shown that torque variations lead to velocity fluctuations and influences the service life of operative parts of tube expander and quality of tube attachment assemblies

AERATED CONCRETE MICROWAVE REFLECTION AND TRANSMISSION PROPERTIES IN A WET ENVIRONMENT

Excess water content within the building material could greatly alter the interaction of the microwave with the material. In this study aerated concrete (AEROC) block walls (60x60cm) were investigated for their microwave (2.4 GHz) properties under wetting conditions. The spray wetting of the wall was conducted to simulate the environmental processes such as raining or water damage. 50ml/m² water dosage was applied on the surface of the concrete 21 times in 1 min intervals. The results show a noticeable decrease in microwave penetration power through the material after the sample gets enriched with water. As the water content on the surface of the material rises, so does the transmission loss. During the different water content of the aerated concrete, the reflection loss varied from -15.04 dB (dry wall) to -5.03 dB (wet wall’s surface). The transmission loss continues to rise during the entire length of the experiment, from -4.5 dB as a dry sample to -8.3 dB after 441 ml (1035 ml/m² during 23 min) of sprayed water. The variation of reflected microwave power was approximately ten times, which is quite a significant indicator of alteration of microwave propagation. The results demonstrate wetting process as an considerable factor in assessing microwave propagation in near the sources, such as mobile phone base station antennas, industrial microwave heaters and ovens etc

Crystal Structure Defects in Titanium Nickelide after Abc Pressing at Lowered Temperature

The experimental results regarding the effect of warm (573 K) abc pressing with an increase in the specified true strain, e, up to 9.55, on the microstructure and crystal structure defects (dislocations, vacancies) of the Ti49.8Ni50.2 (at %) alloy are presented. It is shown that all samples (regardless of e) have a two-level microstructure. The grains-subgrains of the submicrocrystalline scale level are in the volumes of large grains. The average sizes of both large grains and subgrain grains decrease with increasing e to 9.55 (from 27 to 12 µm and from 0.36 to 0.13 µm, respectively). All samples had a two-phase state (rhombohedral R and monoclinic B19′ martensitic phases) at 295 K. The full-profile analysis of X-ray reflections of the B2 phase obtained at 393 K shows that the dislocation density increases from 1014 m−2 to 1015 m−2 after pressing with e = 1.84 and reaches 2·1015 m−2 when e increases to 9.55. It has been established by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy that dislocations are the main type of defects in initial samples and the only type of defects in samples after abc pressing. The lifetime of positrons trapped by dislocations is 166 ps, and the intensity of this component increases from 83% in the initial samples to 99.4% after pressing with e = 9.55. The initial samples contain a component with a positron lifetime of 192 ps (intensity 16.4%), which corresponds to the presence of monovacancies in the nickel sublattice of the B2 phase (concentration ≈10−5). This component is absent in the positron lifetime spectra in the samples after pressing. The results of the analysis of the Doppler broadening spectroscopy correlate with the data obtained by the positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy

SEMICONDUCTOR SENSITIVE MEMBER TO SELECTIVE DETECTOR OF NITROGEN OXIDES AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING IT

FIELD: manufacture of semiconductor material for selective detector of nitrogen oxides. SUBSTANCE: semiconductor material for selective detector includes as sensitive member film on base of lead sulfide applied onto dielectric substrate. Sensitive member contains in addition cadmium sulfide in the form of solid solution with lead sulfide. Relation of cadmium and lead in hard solution of sulfides CdₓPb>iₓS is set in changing range x = 0.133 ± 0.07. Method for producing semiconductor material for selective detector of nitrogen oxides comprises steps of single-stage formation of sensitive film selectively adsorbing nitrogen oxides. Such film is deposited on dielectric substrate from reaction solution containing lead and cadmium salts, thiourea, three substituted sodium citrate, ammonium hydroxide with concentration, mol/l:Pb( CH₃COO)₂,- 0.04; Na₃C₆H₅O, - 0.3; NH₄OH, - 0.4;H₂)₂ - 0.6; CdCl2, - 0.05. EFFECT: possibility for producing semiconductor material for selective detector of nitrogen oxides having high sensibility and high dynamics of response of sensitive layer to gases at different detection condition. 4 cl, 3 tbl, 3 dwg.Полупроводниковый материал для селективного детектора оксидов азота содержит в качестве чувствительного элемента тонкую пленку на основе сульфида свинца, нанесенного на диэлектрическую подложку. При этом чувствительный элемент дополнительно содержит сульфид кадмия в виде твердого раствора с сульфидом свинца. Соотношение кадмия и свинца в твердом растворе сульфидов CdₓPb1-xS задают диапазоном изменения х=0.133±0.07. Также предложен способ получения полупроводникового материала для селективного детектора оксидов азота, который заключается в одностадийном формировании чувствительной пленки, селективно адсорбирующей оксиды азота. Формирование пленки осуществляется путем осаждения ее на диэлектрическую подложку из реакционного раствора, содержащего соли свинца и кадмия, тиомочевину, трехзамещенный лимоннокислый натрий, гидроокись аммония при концентрации, моль/л: Pb(СН₃СОО)₂ 0.04, Na₃C₆H₅O 0.3, NH₄OH 0.4, CS(NH₂)₂ 0.6, CdCl₂ 0.005?0.10. Техническим результатом данного изобретения является получение полупроводникового материала для селективного детектора оксидов азота, характеризующегося высокой чувствительностью и высокой динамичностью отклика чувствительного слоя к газам для разных условий замера. 2 н. и 2 з.п. ф-лы, 4 табл., 3 ил

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Search for stop and higgsino production using diphoton Higgs boson decays

Results are presented of a search for a "natural" supersymmetry scenario with gauge mediated symmetry breaking. It is assumed that only the supersymmetric partners of the top-quark (stop) and the Higgs boson (higgsino) are accessible. Events are examined in which there are two photons forming a Higgs boson candidate, and at least two b-quark jets. In 19.7 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, recorded in the CMS experiment, no evidence of a signal is found and lower limits at the 95% confidence level are set, excluding the stop mass below 360 to 410 GeV, depending on the higgsino mass