A comparative study of depression among infertile and fertile women

Background: Infertility has been a major medical and social preoccupation since the dawn of human existence and women have always been the symbol of fertility. Infertility is a stressful life event and depressive symptoms are normal responses to the life crisis of the infertile women. Aim and objective of the study was to determine the severity of depression in infertile females as compared to control group and to correlate the duration of infertility to depression in infertile females.Methods: The Present study was carried out on 70 patients in both groups. After randomization, assessment of Sociodemographic details was done with the help of semi-structured performa and severity of depression by beck depression rating scale. The proposed study was conducted in phased manner observing ethics of voluntary participation and informed consent of the participants were taken.Results: Both the groups were comparable with respect to age, socioeconomic status, occupation, education, religion, family type and area. No significant differences found between both groups with respect to the sociodemographic profile (p-value >0.05). The mean age of infertile women was 28.72 year and fertile women 27.45 years. We found that maximum female was from a middle class in both groups, 48 (68.57%) in infertile and 50 (71.42%) in the fertile group.Conclusions: Depression was more in infertile women. Depression severity was positively correlated with age of women and duration of infertility. Low socioeconomic status, low educated and rural background was a risk factor for severity of depression for infertile women.

Uterine perforation with bowel prolapsing through vagina following an unsafe abortion

An unwanted pregnancy may lead to induced abortion that means willful termination of pregnancy before the period of viability. Most of the times when termination of pregnancy is done by skilled person in fully aseptic environment, complications are low. But severe complication including uterine perforation, bowel injury, sepsis and sometimes death is common when the procedure is carried out by unskilled personnel in unhealthy condition. This case representing the neglected scenario of our maternal health facilities in rural areas where many untrained care providers are still performing illegal and unsafe abortion without knowledge of its grave consequences

Impact of government schemes on maternal mortality

Background: To analyze the causes of maternal death over a period of 5 years with respect to direct and indirect causes and to see the effect of various government schemes in MMR reduction.Methods: A retrospective study of maternal death cases was conducted over a 5-year period, from January 2016 to December 2020, in our tertiary health center. Each case was analyzed with respect to age, parity, residence, antenatal booking, admission- mortality interval, etc. Results were analyzed by using percentage and proportion.Results: In our study, there were total 161 maternal death and 66,806 live births giving an MMR of 240.9 per one lac live birth. In the year 2016, there was total 12303 live birth, and it was increased to 14783 in the year 2020. MMR in 2016 was 243.84, and it also increased by 277.34 in the year 2020. Obstetric hemorrhage (28.57%), severe PIH, and eclampsia (19.87%) followed by septicemia (9.93%) were common direct causes of death. Anemia was the most important indirect cause of death.Conclusions: Although various government maternity programs like JSY and JSSK are successful in improving the number of institutional deliveries, but they are still less effective in the reduction of MMR. Besides these schemes, MMR can be reduced by improving female literacy, health, and good antenatal care and by the provision of quality of emergency obstetric care with skilled birth attendance

A study on relationship of facebook and game addictive behaviour with personality traits among medical students

Background: Use of social networking sites and playing internet games are more common web activities among adolescents. Students are more prone to internet abuse for several reasons- natural affinity towards internet, free and unlimited access, flexible schedules, and freedom from parental interference and psychological immaturity.  The aim was to study on relationship of facebook and game addictive behaviour with personality characteristics among medical students.Methods: This was a cross sectional observational study, carried out on 140 medical students. All the students were taken randomly. Assessment of sociodemographic details was done with the help of semi-structured performa, bergen facebook addiction scale, game addiction scale and big five inventory were used to see facebook and game addictive behavior and personality traits. Statistical analysis used for comparison of dichotomous variables chi-square test. Correlation and Linear regression was applied to see association. Data analysis was done with the help of statistical software SPSS 23. 0.Results: Mean score of facebook addiction scale among medical students was 39.94 (S.D. 13.133) and mean score of Game addiction scale was 11.19 (S.D. 04.966). It was found that agreeableness (β= -0.275, p=0.000) and extraversion (β = -0.368, p = 0.000) displayed significant associations with FB Total. While neuroticism (β=0.277, p=0.001) and agreeableness (β= -0.177, p=0.029) displayed significant associations with game addictive behavior.Conclusions: In our study we conclude that students with high agreeableness, high neuroticism and low extraversion were more related with Facebook and game addictive behavior. Extraversion was the most powerful predictor of Facebook addiction and neuroticism for gaming addiction.

The International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce (INPST) and the power of Twitter networking exemplified through #INPST hashtag analysis

Background: The development of digital technologies and the evolution of open innovation approaches have enabled the creation of diverse virtual organizations and enterprises coordinating their activities primarily online. The open innovation platform titled "International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce" (INPST) was established in 2018, to bring together in collaborative environment individuals and organizations interested in natural product scientific research, and to empower their interactions by using digital communication tools. Methods: In this work, we present a general overview of INPST activities and showcase the specific use of Twitter as a powerful networking tool that was used to host a one-week "2021 INPST Twitter Networking Event" (spanning from 31st May 2021 to 6th June 2021) based on the application of the Twitter hashtag #INPST. Results and Conclusion: The use of this hashtag during the networking event period was analyzed with Symplur Signals (https://www.symplur.com/), revealing a total of 6,036 tweets, shared by 686 users, which generated a total of 65,004,773 impressions (views of the respective tweets). This networking event's achieved high visibility and participation rate showcases a convincing example of how this social media platform can be used as a highly effective tool to host virtual Twitter-based international biomedical research events

Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic

A comparative study of phenylephrine and ephedrine combination to ephedrine and phenylephrine alone for maintenance of blood pressure for caesarean delivery and their effects on foetal acid base status

>Introduction: Spinal anaesthesia is the preferred technique for caesarean section. Around 80% of which is complicated by maternal hypotension. Vasopressors are currently the treatment of choice for spinal-induced hypotension but these may individually have significant maternal or foetal side effects. Aim: To compare ephedrine and phenylephrine infusion with ephedrine and phenylephrine combination for preventing the hypotension in patients undergoing emergency caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia.Materials and Methods: A prospective randomized double blind study of 90 parturients beyond 32 weeks of pregnancy for caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. Assuming a potency ratio of 80:1 ephedrine to phenylephrine, the patients were divided into the following three groups: Group E - received infusions of ephedrine 8 mg/ml, Group P - received infusions of 100 mcg/ml phenylephrine and Group E + P received infusion of ephedrine 4 mg/ml + phenylephrine 50 mcg/ml. A predefined algorithm was used to adjust the infusion rate according to the systolic blood pressure (SBP). After spinal injection, SBP, diastolic blood pressures (DBP), heart rate (HR) were recorded every one minute until the cord was clamped. Also, the vasopressor infusion rates were collected till clamping of umbilical cord in each group. Foetal parameters were analyzed from umbilical blood gas. Results: The incidence of hypotension was significantly higher in ephedrine group. The mean rate of infusion was higher for group E (P 0.05) as compared to others. Complications of bradycardia were observed in 30% of patients receiving phenylephrine.Conclusions: Combination of both phenylephrine and ephedrine is efficacious for spinal-induced hypotension with least maternal or foetal side effects

Preparing to manage injury burden of Bihar

Introduction: Trauma care in Bihar is beset by a number of problems namely lack of funds, one of the highest population densities in the country, far flung flood prone areas that remain inaccessible to healthcare for several months of an year, lack of formal pre-hospital care services and an organized system of trauma care.. EMS services are run by many different organizations such as government, police, fire, hospital or private organizations. There is lack of coordination between these organizations.  First response to the injured is very often provided by the police who tend to transfer the patient to the nearest government health care centre. There is no linkage with hospital trauma services. This paper presents the interim results of a plan developed and being implemented at AIIMS, Patna in collaboration with the government of Bihar and Adams Cowley shock trauma trauma centre, Baltimore, USA. Methods: Participants from the Bihar police and Bihar health services were nominated by the government of Bihar. One hundred fifty one participants were imparted a 3 day training that included basics for managing airway, breathing, circulation, extrication, fractures, and spine injuries. Incident managment, approach to mass casualty and safe transport were also part of the cirriculum. All participants were required to take a pre-test before the training, a post test at the end of the training and another post test after 6 months after the training. Whether participants attended to emergencies before and after the training was also soought.  Paired t tests were used to compare the means of tests. Independent t test was used to compare difference of means in the groups that attended to emergencies in the six months after the training with those that did not attend to emergencies during the 6 months after the training.  Results:One hundred fifty one participants were trained. Of the 151 participants 55 (36.4%) belonged to Bihar police and 96 (73.6%) belonged to Bihar health services. The average number of emergencies attended by the participants was 8.6 per month. However, 48 participants had not attended to an emergency during the last six months. Mean post-test score 1 was significantly higher than mean pre-test score. Mean post-test score 2 was significantly higher than mean pre-test score. Mean post-test 1 was significantly higher than mean post-test score 2. Mean post-test 1 score was found to be significantly higher (p value 0.00) in those that attended to emergencies in the 6 months after training than those that did not attend to emergencies in the 6 months after training. Difference of means (Post-test 1 Vs Post-test 2) in the two groups was significantly lower in the group that attended to emergencies in six months after training.  \ud  Discussion: 48 participants had not attended to emergencies prior to training. Of these 48 participnats, 47 did not attend to any emrgency in the 6 months after the training, This probably reflects poor selection of participants and lack of cooridanation between various department of the Bihar goverment. Our finding that our module was able to increase the knowledge is similar to other studies that have reported enhanced knowledge as a result of training. Increase in knowledge levels was sustained for a period of six months. Attending to emergencies in 6 months after the training helped in retention of the knowledge. Conclusion: The plan developed and being implemented at AIIMS, Patna in collaboration with the government of Bihar and Adams Cowley shock trauma trauma centre, Baltimore, USA is successful in raising knowledge levels which are sustained for a period of six months. A system for identifying participants needs to be developed so that those who regularly attend to emergencies are preferred to those that do not attend to emergencies regularly. Also those who have undergone the training should be utilized in roles that require attending to emergencies.