早期治療教育がダウン症状改善に寄与するための媒介要因 ― 事例研究を中心に ―

　In Recent years, professionals have been recognizing the improving effects of early therapeutic education for children with Down\u27s syndrome . However, the age criteria for the effective use of therapeutic education have not been clearly defined. There are variety of questions concerning so-called "critical period" in developmental psychology, such as, in what age a child should begin receiving these educational programs, whether the earlier the better is true or not, and if there is a definite and absolute developmental period for improving the child\u27s deficiency. 　In previous report (Fujinaga etal, 1996), eleven typical cases of children with Down\u27s syndrome caused by 21 trisomy were chosen as subjects from about 100 candidates by collaboration of Kumon Institute of Education , because all of them have learned in the Kumon class-rooms . By interviewing the children and their mothers, sometimes their Kumon teachers, we examined their developmental case histories, especially the types of early therapeutic education received and their effects. As a result of this research, we reached a tentative conclusion that unless children with Down\u27s syndrome receive therapeutic education by age two, its effect will be confined to minimum. 　In the course of the study, we have recognized some important mediating factors that have enhanced the effectiveness of therapeutic education in successful cases leading these children to the acquisition of self-autonomy and social competence, though limitted. In present study, these mediating variables that might enhance, or in contrary, reduce the effectiveness of early therapeutic education were examined. Six of the eleven cases clearly showing these mediating variables were rechosen for this purpose and their case histories were analyzed in detail further. As a result, the mediating variables were divided into five different categories.　The first one is the additive effect by the enthusiasm and appropriate choices of learning strategies for social and cognitive skills made by the child\u27s mother and family members, with collaboration of child\u27s teacher. The most typical example was the case Y.S.. His combined symptomes at his birth, such as anal fusion, were the severest in our cases, neverthless he reached the highest developmental level among them. Now he is studying in a usual class of a junior high school. 　On the contrary, the second category is the negative effect caused by mother\u27s fatalistic or desperate attitude . The mother of case M.A. received so severe shock when her child\u27s doctor told her M.A. had the Down\u27s syndrome that she could not help only crying and did not even go out for about two years. So it is inferred that MA. was raised in a condition of almost complete social isolation from birth to about two years and this condition now brought M.A. to a very difficult state for recovery. 　Thirdly, again on the contrary, the additive effect lead by mother\u27s optimistic and hopeful attitude must be pointed out. It is recently called Pygmalion effect by Rosenthal (1968) and the cases of R. 0. and K. H. were the typical examples. 　The fourth category is the additive effect lead by social tolerance and nondiscriminating attitude of institutions, such as Kindergarten or elementary school. The case of N.Y. clearly showed the importance of this condition. 　Finally we want to point out the additive effect lead by the recognition of special talents that children with Down\u27s syndrome might possess. The case S.S. is a typical example. Until now they are called savant syndrome and believed to be latent only in the case of autistic children. There are varieties of this talent, for example drawing or musical ones. S.S. had so excellent talent producing artistic textile goods that her products can be exhibited in a famous department store in Tokyo district. 　From this study, we also recognized the some possibilities that the fifth category might bring for the future of children with Down\u27s syndrome. Therefore, we described in detail the inferential factors for developing latent abilities of savant syndrome for future studies

Measurement of B0d - B0d-bar mixing rate from the time evolution of dilepton events at the Upsilon(4S)

We report a determination of the B0d - B0d-bar mixing parameter Delta-m_d based on the time evolution of dilepton yields in Upsilon(4S) decays. The measurement is based on a 5.9 /fb data sample collected by the Belle detector at KEKB. The proper-time difference distributions for same-sign and opposite-sign dilepton events are simultaneously fitted to an expression containing Delta-m_d as a free parameter. Using both muons and electrons, we obtain Delta-m_d = 0.463 +- 0.008(stat.) +- 0.016(sys.) ps^{-1} This is the first determination of Delta-m_d from time evolution measurements at the Upsilon(4S). We also place limits on possible CPT violations.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figure

Measurement of the CP Violation Parameter sin(2phi_1) in B^0_d Meson Decays

We present a measurement of the Standard Model CP violation parameter sin(2phi_1) based on a 10.5 fb^{-1} data sample collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric e+e- collider. One neutral B meson is reconstructed in the J/psi K_S, psi(2S) K_S, chi_{c1} K_S, eta_c K_S, J/psi K_L or J/psi pi^0 CP-eigenstate decay channel and the flavor of the accompanying B meson is identified from its charged particle decay products. From the asymmetry in the distribution of the time interval between the two B-meson decay points, we determine sin(2phi_1) = 0.58 +0.32-0.34 (stat) +0.09-0.10 (syst).Comment: LaTex, 13 pages, 3 figures, submitted to P.R.

The Physics of the B Factories

This work is on the Physics of the B Factories. Part A of this book contains a brief description of the SLAC and KEK B Factories as well as their detectors, BaBar and Belle, and data taking related issues. Part B discusses tools and methods used by the experiments in order to obtain results. The results themselves can be found in Part C

Anti-obese action of raspberry ketone

Abstract Raspberry ketone (4-(4-hydroxyphenyl) butan-2-one; RK) is a major aromatic compound of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus). The structure of RK is similar to the structures of capsaicin and synephrine, compounds known to exert anti-obese actions and alter the lipid metabolism. The present study was performed to clarify whether RK helps prevent obesity and activate lipid metabolism in rodents. To test the effect on obesity, our group designed the following in vivo experiments: 1) mice were fed a high-fat diet including 0.5, 1, or 2% of RK for 10 weeks; 2) mice were given a high-fat diet for 6 weeks and subsequently fed the same high-fat diet containing1% RK for the next 5 weeks. RK prevented the high-fat-diet-induced elevations in body weight and the weights of the liver and visceral adipose tissues (epididymal, retroperitoneal, and mesenteric). RK also decreased these weights and hepatic triacylglycerol content after they had been increased by a high-fat diet. RK significantly increased norepinephrineinduced lipolysis associated with the translocation of hormone-sensitive lipase from the cytosol to lipid droplets in rat epididymal fat cells. In conclusion, RK prevents and improves obesity and fatty liver. These effects appear t

Anti-obese action of raspberry ketone

Abstract Raspberry ketone (4-(4-hydroxyphenyl) butan-2-one; RK) is a major aromatic compound of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus). The structure of RK is similar to the structures of capsaicin and synephrine, compounds known to exert anti-obese actions and alter the lipid metabolism. The present study was performed to clarify whether RK helps prevent obesity and activate lipid metabolism in rodents. To test the effect on obesity, our group designed the following in vivo experiments: 1) mice were fed a high-fat diet including 0.5, 1, or 2% of RK for 10 weeks; 2) mice were given a high-fat diet for 6 weeks and subsequently fed the same high-fat diet containing1% RK for the next 5 weeks. RK prevented the high-fat-diet-induced elevations in body weight and the weights of the liver and visceral adipose tissues (epididymal, retroperitoneal, and mesenteric). RK also decreased these weights and hepatic triacylglycerol content after they had been increased by a high-fat diet. RK significantly increased norepinephrineinduced lipolysis associated with the translocation of hormone-sensitive lipase from the cytosol to lipid droplets in rat epididymal fat cells. In conclusion, RK prevents and improves obesity and fatty liver. These effects appear t

Anti-obese action of raspberry ketone

Abstract Raspberry ketone (4-(4-hydroxyphenyl) butan-2-one; RK) is a major aromatic compound of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus). The structure of RK is similar to the structures of capsaicin and synephrine, compounds known to exert anti-obese actions and alter the lipid metabolism. The present study was performed to clarify whether RK helps prevent obesity and activate lipid metabolism in rodents. To test the effect on obesity, our group designed the following in vivo experiments: 1) mice were fed a high-fat diet including 0.5, 1, or 2% of RK for 10 weeks; 2) mice were given a high-fat diet for 6 weeks and subsequently fed the same high-fat diet containing1% RK for the next 5 weeks. RK prevented the high-fat-diet-induced elevations in body weight and the weights of the liver and visceral adipose tissues (epididymal, retroperitoneal, and mesenteric). RK also decreased these weights and hepatic triacylglycerol content after they had been increased by a high-fat diet. RK significantly increased norepinephrineinduced lipolysis associated with the translocation of hormone-sensitive lipase from the cytosol to lipid droplets in rat epididymal fat cells. In conclusion, RK prevents and improves obesity and fatty liver. These effects appear t