Actitudes hacia la estadística en ciencias económico-administrativas: un análisis por etapa de pregrado

The purpose of this research was to: 1) characterize attitudes towards statistics in the initial, intermediate and final stages of undergraduate degrees in Administrative Economic Sciences and, 2) determine the applications that students give to statistics during their university studies. 159 students (69.18% female and 30.81% male) participated in careers such as Human Resources, Administration, International Business and Marketing, which answered a semantic differential questionnaire composed of seven pairs of extreme adjectives based on a scale of -3 to + 3. The results showed that, during the three stages of the races (initial, intermediate and final), the attitudes towards statistics remain somewhat positive (with averages of 0.73, 0.94 and 1.00, respectively) and that, although their importance is perceived, they are somewhat tense for students. It was also found that these attitudes are used to understand information, calculate data and investigate. In addition, possible explanations for such findings are discussed, for example, the teaching strategies of teachers and the academic history of students.La presente investigación tuvo por objetivos: 1) caracterizar las actitudes hacia la estadística en las etapas iniciales, intermedias y finales de pregrados en Ciencias Económico Administrativas y, 2) determinar las aplicaciones que los alumnos dan a la estadística durante sus estudios universitarios. Participaron 159 estudiantes (69.18% mujeres y 30.81% varones) de carreras como Recursos Humanos, Administración, Negocios Internacionales y Mercadotecnia, los cuales contestaron un cuestionario de diferencial semántico integrado por siete pares de adjetivos extremos con base en una escala de -3 a +3. Los resultados mostraron que, durante las tres etapas de las carreras (inicial, intermedia y final), las actitudes hacia la estadística se mantienen algo positivas (con promedios de 0.73, 0.94 y 1.00, respectivamente) y que, aunque se percibe su importancia, son algo tensas para los estudiantes. Asimismo, se encontró que dichas actitudes son utilizadas para comprender información, calcular datos e investigar. Además, se discuten posibles explicaciones para tales hallazgos, por ejemplo, las estrategias didacticas de los docentes y la historia académica de los estudiantes

O estudo da procrastinação humana como um estilo interativo

Procrastination has gained relevance over the years for its effects on education, health, and daily life in general. However, despite its importance, it has not been studied systematically. We examined the effect of response cost on procrastination in humans. Twelve engineering undergraduate students, between 18 and 20 years of age, were randomly assigned to an experimental and a control group. The task consisted in indicating by clicking one of two buttons whether the amount of green dots presented on the computer screen was larger or smaller than the amount of blue dots. Throughout the experiment, participants were allowed to engage in distracting activities while performing the task. Three response cost conditions comprised the experiment, one with a high response cost (200 exercises) and two with a low response cost (100 exercises). There does not seem to be a systematic effect of response requirement on procrastination. However, some participants procrastinated regardless of the condition to which they were exposed, whereas others never did it, which suggests that procrastination is an interactive style. We discuss the need for more studies in order to identify the variables related to the phenomenonLa procrastinación es un fenómeno que ha cobrado cada vez mayor relevancia dadas las implicaciones que puede tener tanto en las áreas de la educación y la salud, como en la vida diaria en general. Sin embargo, a pesar de su importancia, no se ha estudiado de manera sistemática. En este estudio se examinó el efecto de una tarea con requerimiento de respuesta alto sobre la procrastinación humana. Participaron voluntariamente 12 estudiantes de licenciatura en ingeniería, entre 18 y 20 años de edad, que fueron asignados de manera aleatoria a tres grupos experimentales y un grupo control. La tarea consistió en resolver una cantidad determinada de ejercicios que implicaban calcular, por simple inspección visual, la proporción de puntos verdes y azules desplegados en la pantalla de una computadora, indicando si el número de puntos verdes era mayor o menor que el número de puntos azules. Se dispusieron distractores al alcance de los participantes durante todo el experimento. Los sujetos fueron expuestos a la tarea durante tres fases, una con requerimiento de respuesta alto, que consistió de 200 ejercicios, y dos fases con requerimiento de respuesta bajo de 100 ejercicios cada una. Los resultados no mostraron efectos sistemáticos del requerimiento de respuesta sobre la procrastinación. Sin embargo, se observó un hallazgo consistente, independiente de la condición experimental a la que los participantes se hubieran expuesto: algunos procrastinaron prácticamente en todas las fases, mientras que otros jamás lo hicieron. Ello parece mostrar que la procrastinación es un estilo interactivo idiosincrásico. Se discute la necesidad de realizar más estudios que permitan identificar las variables implicadas en este fenómeno  A procrastinação é um fenómeno que tem cobrado cada vez maior relevância dadas as implicações que procrastinar pode ter nas áreas de educação, saúde, assim como na vida diária em geral. No entanto, apesar da sua importância, não se tem estudado de maneira sistemática. Neste estudo se examinou o efeito de uma tarefa com requerimento de resposta alto sobre a procrastinação humana. Participaram voluntariamente doze estudantes de licenciatura em engenharia, entre 18 e 20 anos de idade, que foram assignados de maneira aleatória a três grupos experimentais e um grupo controle. A tarefa consistiu em resolver uma quantidade determinada de exercícios que implicavam calcular, por simples inspeção visual, a proporção de pontos verdes e azuis dispersos no ecrã de um computador, indicando se o número de pontos verde era maior ou menor que o número de pontos azuis. Dispuseram-se distratores ao alcance dos participantes durante todo o experimento. Os sujeitos foram expostos à tarefa durante três fases, uma com requerimento de resposta alto, que consistiu de 200 exercícios e duas fases com requerimento de resposta baixo de 100 exercícios cada. Os resultados não mostraram efeitos sistemáticos do requerimento de resposta sobre a procrastinação. No entanto, observou-se um resultado consistente independente da condição experimental à que os participantes se tivessem exposto, alguns procrastinaram praticamente em todas as fases, enquanto que outros nunca o fizeram. Isso parece mostrar que a procrastinação é um estilo interativo idiossincrásico. Discute-se a necessidade de realizar mais estudos mais estudos que permitam identificar as variáveis implicadas neste fenômen

Forward-central two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between trigger particles in the forward pseudorapidity range (2.5 2GeV/c. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B. V.Peer reviewe

Event-shape engineering for inclusive spectra and elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV

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Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Azimuthal anisotropy of charged jet production in root s(NN)=2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions

We present measurements of the azimuthal dependence of charged jet production in central and semi-central root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions with respect to the second harmonic event plane, quantified as nu(ch)(2) (jet). Jet finding is performed employing the anti-k(T) algorithm with a resolution parameter R = 0.2 using charged tracks from the ALICE tracking system. The contribution of the azimuthal anisotropy of the underlying event is taken into account event-by-event. The remaining (statistical) region-to-region fluctuations are removed on an ensemble basis by unfolding the jet spectra for different event plane orientations independently. Significant non-zero nu(ch)(2) (jet) is observed in semi-central collisions (30-50% centrality) for 20 <p(T)(ch) (jet) <90 GeV/c. The azimuthal dependence of the charged jet production is similar to the dependence observed for jets comprising both charged and neutral fragments, and compatible with measurements of the nu(2) of single charged particles at high p(T). Good agreement between the data and predictions from JEWEL, an event generator simulating parton shower evolution in the presence of a dense QCD medium, is found in semi-central collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

Elliptic flow of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at forward rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

The elliptic flow, v(2), of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at forward rapidity (2.5 <y <4) is measured in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)= 2.76TeVwith the ALICE detector at the LHC. The scalar product, two- and four-particle Q cumulants and Lee-Yang zeros methods are used. The dependence of the v(2) of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays on the collision centrality, in the range 0-40%, and on transverse momentum, p(T), is studied in the interval 3 <p(T)<10 GeV/c. A positive v(2) is observed with the scalar product and two-particle Q cumulants in semi-central collisions (10-20% and 20-40% centrality classes) for the p(T) interval from 3 to about 5GeV/c with a significance larger than 3 sigma, based on the combination of statistical and systematic uncertainties. The v(2) magnitude tends to decrease towards more central collisions and with increasing pT. It becomes compatible with zero in the interval 6 <p(T)<10 GeV/c. The results are compared to models describing the interaction of heavy quarks and open heavy-flavour hadrons with the high-density medium formed in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Pseudorapidity and transverse-momentum distributions of charged particles in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The pseudorapidity (eta) and transverse-momentum (p(T)) distributions of charged particles produced in proton-proton collisions are measured at the centre-of-mass energy root s = 13 TeV. The pseudorapidity distribution in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1.8 is reported for inelastic events and for events with at least one charged particle in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1. The pseudorapidity density of charged particles produced in the pseudorapidity region vertical bar eta vertical bar <0.5 is 5.31 +/- 0.18 and 6.46 +/- 0.19 for the two event classes, respectively. The transverse-momentum distribution of charged particles is measured in the range 0.15 <p(T) <20 GeV/c and vertical bar eta vertical bar <0.8 for events with at least one charged particle in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1. The evolution of the transverse momentum spectra of charged particles is also investigated as a function of event multiplicity. The results are compared with calculations from PYTHIA and EPOS Monte Carlo generators. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

Centrality evolution of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density over a broad pseudorapidity range in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

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