Working as a Mountaineer in Antarctica: 40 Years in the Making

In the austral summer of 2017–2018, mountaineers Todd and Donette Swain work as safety staffers helping scientists avoid crevasses while conducting field research in Antarctica

Scotland, the Climbing Way: Reconnections with Hardy, Brash, Hilarious, Mountain Friends

Two climbers visit the United Kingdom to meet several accomplished Scottish and British climbers in their 60s, 70s, and 80s, including Sir Chris Bonington, Peter Myers, Paul Ross, Hamish MacInnes, Henry Barber, Alan Richard McHardy, Ian Nicholson, Cynthia and Ed Grindley, and Davy Gardner

A PRELIMINARY STUDY: EXPLORING THE MUSCULAR CHANGES BETWEEN PARTIAL AND FULL SHOTS DURING THE DOWNSWING IN GOLF UTILISING STATISTICAL PARAMETRIC MAPPING

The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) data analysis techniques on golf swing electromyographic (EMG) data and to explore any muscular changes that might occur between full and partial golf shots. Three male golfers completed the testing. The results of the ANOVA suggest that two muscles show a significant decrease in muscle activation between the shot conditions, Right Medial Gastrocnemius (RMG)(p\u3c0.001) and Right Rectus Abdominus (RRA) (p\u3c0.001). The post-hoc analysis suggests that RMG and RRA both decrease activation to perform partial shots. The results suggest that SPM analysis is a useful tool for golf swing research and that specific muscles might show activation changes associated with reducing shot distance

Molecular Docking with Open Access Software: Development of an Online Laboratory Handbook and Remote Workflow for Chemistry and Pharmacy Master's Students to Undertake Computer-Aided Drug Design

In response to the closure of many university laboratories due to the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, a handbook and remote webinar approach designed to support students in the use of software tools for computer-aided drug design has been developed. Specifically, the course has been designed for chemistry and pharmacy students who have little or no experience of computational techniques and can use open-source software on their own machines. In this way a flexible and relevant course, giving a rigorous academic experience, could be delivered even in the most challenging of circumstances. We believe that this laboratory protocol will help to "democratize"the scientific process in this field

Type III collagen modulates fracture callus bone formation and early remodeling

Type III collagen (Col3) has been proposed to play a key role in tissue repair based upon its temporospatial expression during the healing process of many tissues, including bone. Given our previous finding that Col3 regulates the quality of cutaneous repair, as well as our recent data supporting its role in regulating osteoblast differentiation and trabecular bone quantity, we hypothesized that mice with diminished Col3 expression would exhibit altered long‐bone fracture healing. To determine the role of Col3 in bone repair, young adult wild‐type (Col3+/+) and haploinsufficent (Col3+/−) mice underwent bilateral tibial fractures. Healing was assessed 7, 14, 21, and 28 days following fracture utilizing microcomputed tomography (microCT), immunohistochemistry, and histomorphometry. MicroCT analysis revealed a small but significant increase in bone volume fraction in Col3+/− mice at day 21. However, histological analysis revealed that Col3+/− mice have less bone within the callus at days 21 and 28, which is consistent with the established role for Col3 in osteogenesis. Finally, a reduction in fracture callus osteoclastic activity in Col3+/− mice suggests Col3 also modulates callus remodeling. Although Col3 haploinsufficiency affected biological aspects of bone repair, it did not affect the regain of mechanical function in the young mice that were evaluated in this study. These findings provide evidence for a modulatory role for Col3 in fracture repair and support further investigations into its role in impaired bone healing. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:675–684, 2015.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111249/1/jor22838.pd

Reading comprehension and immersion schooling: evidence from component skills

Version of record online: 29 December 2016The present research aims to assess literacy acquisition in children becoming bilingual via second language immersion in school. We adopt a cognitive components approach, assessing text-level reading comprehension, a complex literacy skill, as well as underlying cognitive and linguistic components in 144 children aged 7 to 14 (72 immersion bilinguals, 72 controls). Using principal component analysis, a nuanced pattern of results was observed: although emergent bilinguals lag behind their monolingual counterparts on measures of linguistic processing, they showed enhanced performance on a memory and reasoning component. For reading comprehension, no between-group differences were evident, suggesting that selective benefits compensate costs at the level of underlying cognitive components. Overall, the results seem to indicate that literacy skills may be modulated by emerging bilingualism even when no between-group differences are evident at the level of complex skill, and the detection of such differences may depend on the focus and selectivity of the task battery used.This research was partially supported by doctoral research grant AP2010-3434 from the Spanish Ministry of Education to Laura Birke Hansen, grant CSD2008- 00048 to all authors, postdoctoral research grant cofinanced by the Andalusian Government and FEDER funds from the European Union to Julia Morales, grant PSI2012-32287 from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness to Pedro Macizo, grant PSI2012- 33625 from the Spanish Ministry of Education, and grants CTS 2369 from the Andalusian Government, and APCIN. NSF-PIRE to M. Teresa Bajo

Proceedings from the 2018 Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver Single Topic Conference—Decompensated Cirrhosis : from clinic to transplant

Actes publiés dans le Canadian Liver Journal; vol. 2, no. 4, Fall 2019, p. 137-170

Social Class

Discussion of class structure in fifth-century Athens, historical constitution of theater audiences, and the changes in the comic representation of class antagonism from Aristophanes to Menander

Neuromuscular changes and the rapid adaptation following a bout of damaging eccentric exercise

An initial bout of eccentric exercise is known to protect against muscle damage following a repeated bout of the same exercise, however, the neuromuscular adaptions owing to this phenomenon are unknown. Aim: To determine if neuromuscular disturbances are modulated following a repeated bout of eccentric exercise. Methods: Following eccentric exercise performed with the elbow-flexors, we measured maximal voluntary force, resting twitch force, muscle soreness, creatine kinase and voluntary activation using motor point and motor cortex stimulation at baseline, immediately post and at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 days post-exercise on two occasions, separated by 3 weeks. Results: Significant muscle damage and fatigue was evident following the first exercise bout; maximal voluntary contraction was reduced immediately by 32% and remained depressed at 7 days post-exercise. Soreness and creatine kinase release peaked at 3 and 4 days post-exercise, respectively. Resting twitch force remained significantly reduced at 7 days (−48%) whilst voluntary activation measured with motor point and motor cortex stimulation was reduced until 2 and 3 days, respectively. A repeated bout effect was observed with attenuated soreness and creatine kinase release and a quicker recovery of maximal voluntary contraction and resting twitch force. A similar decrement in voluntary activation was observed following both bouts; however, following the repeated bout there was a significantly smaller reduction in, and a faster recovery of voluntary activation measured using motor cortical stimulation. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the repeated bout effect may be explained, partly, by a modification in motor corticospinal drive

Building consensus around the assessment and interpretation of Symbiodiniaceae diversity

Within microeukaryotes, genetic variation and functional variation sometimes accumulate more quickly than morphological differences. To understand the evolutionary history and ecology of such lineages, it is key to examine diversity at multiple levels of organization. In the dinoflagellate family Symbiodiniaceae, which can form endosymbioses with cnidarians (e.g., corals, octocorals, sea anemones, jellyfish), other marine invertebrates (e.g., sponges, molluscs, flatworms), and protists (e.g., foraminifera), molecular data have been used extensively over the past three decades to describe phenotypes and to make evolutionary and ecological inferences. Despite advances in Symbiodiniaceae genomics, a lack of consensus among researchers with respect to interpreting genetic data has slowed progress in the field and acted as a barrier to reconciling observations. Here, we identify key challenges regarding the assessment and interpretation of Symbiodiniaceae genetic diversity across three levels: species, populations, and communities. We summarize areas of agreement and highlight techniques and approaches that are broadly accepted. In areas where debate remains, we identify unresolved issues and discuss technologies and approaches that can help to fill knowledge gaps related to genetic and phenotypic diversity. We also discuss ways to stimulate progress, in particular by fostering a more inclusive and collaborative research community. We hope that this perspective will inspire and accelerate coral reef science by serving as a resource to those designing experiments, publishing research, and applying for funding related to Symbiodiniaceae and their symbiotic partnerships.journal articl