Limited Resection for Lung Cancer

Based on clinical as well as experimental studies, limited operation of choice was evaluated for the management of lung cancer. From clinical analysis of 39 cases who underwent limited lung resection, our clinical experiences indicated that this operative procedure would be feasible for a large tumors of approximately 4cm in diameter. However, the incidence of lymphnode metastasis is more likely to be high when applied to the tumors of more than 3cm in diameter. The favorable indication, therefore, is for the cancer less than 3cm in diameter. By careful evalution of 7 cases with postoperative recurrence, it has become obvious that either the degree of cell differentiation or the existence of lymph nodes metastasis strongly participate in its prognosis. According to hemodynamic studies immediately after surgery, limited resection of the lung is preferred to conventional radical lobectomy for patients with cardiovascular malfunction because it serves to eliminate a possible left ventricular failure after surgery. An experimental research also demonstrated favorably hemodynamic benifits of limited resection for reducing left ventricular overloading on coronary diseased heart which is experimentally prepared by either creation of stenosis of the main left coronary artery or ligation of the left descending coronary artery. The immune response in the lymphnodes to a tumor growth also was attested in C3H mice with use of MH 134 tumor inoculated, especially in relation to the time of tumor resection. The results of our experiments confirmed that tumor resection on the 7th and 10t

An Experimental Evaluation of Tracheal Blood Flow with Special Referrence to Operative Procedure of Tracheal Mobilization

Based on the study with special referrence to blood flow in the trachea, the factors influential on the operative procedure of tracheal mobilization were carefully evaluated to ensure optimal surgical results. It has already been assumed with an aid of microangiographic technique that the main trancheal blood flow comprise two routes, namely, adventitial and submucosal layers. The amount of blood flow in the trachea divided into individual two layers were measured by hydrogen clearance test with wire electrodes placed in either adventitial or submucosal layer. When employed the procedure of extensive mobilization of the trachea, the level of tracheal blood flow reduced in adventitial layer rather lthan in submucosal layer. Blood flow in submucosal layer, however, remain closely near the normal level, which is thought to compensate a decreased blood supply in the tracheal adventitia. Meanwhile, when proposed an excessive tension of more than 800g at the site of anastomosis, a decrease in submucosal blood flow has become manifest despite of a slight decrease in adventitial blood flow simultaneously. Greater emphasis has been focused upo

Experimental Evaluation of Tumor Inhibitory Effect of Induced Infection on Tumor Growth

To evaluate as to whether coexisting infection is helpful to achieve the tumor regression, the inhibitory effect was experimentally assessed from the view point of survival, the degrees of reticuloendothelial activation (Congo-red clearance test) and immune response (Jerne\u27 plaque forming cell test and macrophage migration inhibition test). A 3×107 to 2×108 of β-streptococcus inoculated in C3H mice of 6 week-old were prepared for producing a varying models of infection. As a control study, survival challenging for a 1X106 of Ehrlich tumor inoculation was surveyed. It averaged 16.6 days, whereas it increased when added infection. The most longest survival was 24.4 days when infection was provoked when a 3×107 β-streptococcus were inoculated subcutaneously 5 days prior to Ehrlich tumor cell implantation. Phagocytic activity in the recticuloendothelial system was found to be consequent of stimulation by the varying variety of infection. To assess the inhibitory effect of induced infection on tumor growth, a directly weighing method was applied for inoculated methylcholantrene tumor at interval of 5 days. It is proved that infection is more effective in depressing tumor growth. Furthermore, our experiment indicated that infection enabled the host to enhance the immune response to various antigen, which might be originated from the reticuloendothelial hyperactivity. As the result of this study, we concluded that a mild and long-standing infection might play a key role in inhibiting tumor growth to some extent

CO Multi-line Imaging of Nearby Galaxies (COMING) IV. Overview of the Project

Observations of the molecular gas in galaxies are vital to understanding the evolution and star-forming histories of galaxies. However, galaxies with molecular gas maps of their whole discs having sufficient resolution to distinguish galactic structures are severely lacking. Millimeter wavelength studies at a high angular resolution across multiple lines and transitions are particularly needed, severely limiting our ability to infer the universal properties of molecular gas in galaxies. Hence, we conducted a legacy project with the 45 m telescope of the Nobeyama Radio Observatory, called the CO Multi-line Imaging of Nearby Galaxies (COMING), which simultaneously observed 147 galaxies with high far-infrared flux in $^{12}$CO, $^{13}$CO, and C$^{18}$O $J=1-0$ lines. The total molecular gas mass was derived using the standard CO-to-H$_2$ conversion factor and found to be positively correlated with the total stellar mass derived from the WISE $3.4 \mu$m band data. The fraction of the total molecular gas mass to the total stellar mass in galaxies does not depend on their Hubble types nor the existence of a galactic bar, although when galaxies in individual morphological types are investigated separately, the fraction seems to decrease with the total stellar mass in early-type galaxies and vice versa in late-type galaxies. No differences in the distribution of the total molecular gas mass, stellar mass, and the total molecular gas to stellar mass ratio was observed between barred and non-barred galaxies, which is likely the result of our sample selection criteria, in that we prioritized observing FIR bright (and thus molecular gas-rich) galaxies.Comment: Accepted for publication in PASJ; 47 pages, 5 tables, 29 figures. On-line supplementary images are available at this URL (https://astro3.sci.hokudai.ac.jp/~radio/coming/publications/). CO data is available at the Japanese Virtual Observatory (JVO) website (https://jvo.nao.ac.jp/portal/nobeyama/coming.do) and the project website (https://astro3.sci.hokudai.ac.jp/~radio/coming/data/

Overview of KAGRA: KAGRA science

KAGRA is a newly build gravitational wave observatory, a laser interferometer with 3 km arm length, located in Kamioka, Gifu, Japan. In this paper, one of a series of articles featuring KAGRA, we discuss the science targets of KAGRA projects, considering not only the baseline KAGRA(current design) but also its future upgrade candidates (KAGRA+) for the near to middle term (similar to 5 years)