Notes on Eastern North American Butterflies

Editor’s Note (Harry Pavulaan). New natural history elements and distribution records of several eastern North American butterflies are reported. While diversity and distribution of butterflies in the eastern United States are commonly believed to be fully known, the findings presented here show that much is yet to be learned of our butterfly fauna. Includes: 1. Pages 1-3 Lethe eurydice and L. appalachia Larvae (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) Eat Their Shed Cuticle (Exuvia) Soon after Molting in Vermont, USA by David J. Hoag Abstract Larvae of Lethe eurydice and L. appalachia were observed eating their newly shed cuticle (exuvia). Further studies are needed to examine the extent of this unique dietary habit within the Satyrinae. 2. Page 4 Virginia state record of Phyciodes phaon (W. H. Edwards, 1864) (Nymphalidae: Limenitidinae) by Harry Pavulaan Abstract A state record specimen of Phyciodes phaon, originally reported by the author in the Virginia Butterfly Bulletin (Pavulaan, 2000), is illustrated for the first time with a view of location collected. 3. Pages 5-13 Butterflies of the Potomac River Woodlands in Leesburg, Loudoun Co., Virginia: A Depauperate Fauna? by Harry Pavulaan Abstract Butterfly observations made over a 16-year period (2005-2020) in the deciduous woodland habitat along the Potomac River in Leesburg, Virginia reveal a depauperate butterfly fauna in a region otherwise known for its rich butterfly diversity. While the forest canopy contains a high diversity of deciduous tree species, and patches of understory shrubs show limited variety, the herb flora of the forest floor is severely lacking due to uncontrolled deer browsing, poor soil conditions and prolonged annual summer droughts. The butterfly fauna is summarized here. 4. Page 14 Limenitis a. arthemis (White Admiral) in Coastal Southeastern Virginia by Brian Taber Abstract Limenitis a. arthemis is reported from coastal southeastern Virginia for the first time. 5. Pages 15-16 Three Species of the Pearly-Eye Genus Enodia (Hübner, 1819) Observed Together in Colonial National Historical Park, Virginia by Kenneth Lorenzen Abstract Butterflies of the Pearly-eye group of satyrs (genus Enodia) are rarely observed together at the same site at the same time. This report documents an occurrence of Enodia anthedon, E. portlandia, and E. creola together at a location near Jamestown, Virginia, United States. Editor’s note: Enodia is now recognized as a subgenus of Lethe. 6. Pages 17-19 Atlides halesus (Cramer, 1777) (Lycaenidae: Theclinae) and American Mistletoe in Northern Virginia by Harry Pavulaan and Richard D. Ullrich Abstract Atlides halesus halesus (Great Purple Hairstreak) is documented from three sites in western Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. The host American Mistletoe (Phoradendron leucarpum) is widespread in this area, forming dense infestations on trees which certainly supports a resident population of the butterfly as evidenced by several records over a 13-year span

Active megadetachment beneath the western United States

Geodetic data, interpreted in light of seismic imaging, seismicity, xenolith studies, and the late Quaternary geologic history of the northern Great Basin, suggest that a subcontinental-scale extensional detachment is localized near the Moho. To first order, seismic yielding in the upper crust at any given latitude in this region occurs via an M7 earthquake every 100 years. Here we develop the hypothesis that since 1996, the region has undergone a cycle of strain accumulation and release similar to “slow slip events” observed on subduction megathrusts, but yielding occurred on a subhorizontal surface 5–10 times larger in the slip direction, and at temperatures >800°C. Net slip was variable, ranging from 5 to 10 mm over most of the region. Strain energy with moment magnitude equivalent to an M7 earthquake was released along this “megadetachment,” primarily between 2000.0 and 2005.5. Slip initiated in late 1998 to mid-1999 in northeastern Nevada and is best expressed in late 2003 during a magma injection event at Moho depth beneath the Sierra Nevada, accompanied by more rapid eastward relative displacement across the entire region. The event ended in the east at 2004.0 and in the remainder of the network at about 2005.5. Strain energy thus appears to have been transmitted from the Cordilleran interior toward the plate boundary, from high gravitational potential to low, via yielding on the megadetachment. The size and kinematic function of the proposed structure, in light of various proxies for lithospheric thickness, imply that the subcrustal lithosphere beneath Nevada is a strong, thin plate, even though it resides in a high heat flow tectonic regime. A strong lowermost crust and upper mantle is consistent with patterns of postseismic relaxation in the southern Great Basin, deformation microstructures and low water content in dunite xenoliths in young lavas in central Nevada, and high-temperature microstructures in analog surface exposures of deformed lower crust. Large-scale decoupling between crust and upper mantle is consistent with the broad distribution of strain in the upper crust versus the more localized distribution in the subcrustal lithosphere, as inferred by such proxies as low P wave velocity and mafic magmatism

Clinical Sequencing Exploratory Research Consortium: Accelerating Evidence-Based Practice of Genomic Medicine

Despite rapid technical progress and demonstrable effectiveness for some types of diagnosis and therapy, much remains to be learned about clinical genome and exome sequencing (CGES) and its role within the practice of medicine. The Clinical Sequencing Exploratory Research (CSER) consortium includes 18 extramural research projects, one National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) intramural project, and a coordinating center funded by the NHGRI and National Cancer Institute. The consortium is exploring analytic and clinical validity and utility, as well as the ethical, legal, and social implications of sequencing via multidisciplinary approaches; it has thus far recruited 5,577 participants across a spectrum of symptomatic and healthy children and adults by utilizing both germline and cancer sequencing. The CSER consortium is analyzing data and creating publically available procedures and tools related to participant preferences and consent, variant classification, disclosure and management of primary and secondary findings, health outcomes, and integration with electronic health records. Future research directions will refine measures of clinical utility of CGES in both germline and somatic testing, evaluate the use of CGES for screening in healthy individuals, explore the penetrance of pathogenic variants through extensive phenotyping, reduce discordances in public databases of genes and variants, examine social and ethnic disparities in the provision of genomics services, explore regulatory issues, and estimate the value and downstream costs of sequencing. The CSER consortium has established a shared community of research sites by using diverse approaches to pursue the evidence-based development of best practices in genomic medicine

Adlerian-based Career Counseling in an Age of Protean Careers.

Work is fundamental to sustaining both society and the individual. For many, however, the work world has become increasingly less predictable. Accordingly, people must now be self-directed in managing their own work lives. In this article, the authors propose that the Career Style Interview (CSI), an Adlerian-based approach to career counseling, can provide the self-awareness and direction people need to manage their careers in today\u27s occupational landscape. A description of the CSI and a case vignette demonstrating its use are presented

Effects of a carbohydrate and protein recovery beverage on performance in trained weightlifters.

INTRODUCTION: Previous investigations have examined nutrient timing with untrained subject and less is known about effects in trained subjects.OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a carbohydrate and protein supplement (CHO+PROT) on performance measures in trained weightlifters.METHODS: 10 trained weightlifters (30.8±5.1 years, 177.4 ±4.0 cm, 94.3 ± 12.4 kg, training age = 5.3 ± 2.9 years) completed a 12 week training program utilizing block periodization. Using a double blind placebo design, jump height, scaled peak power measured in vertical jumps and peak force and rate of force development measured in isometric mid-thigh pulls were compared between groups using a series of 2x4 (group x time) repeated measures ANOVA’s.RESULTS: No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between treatment and placebo groups in respect to measures of jump height and peak power with weighted and unweighted jumps. Likewise, no statistical differences (p > 0.05) were observed for peak force or rate of force development with isometric mid-thigh pulls.CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that a CHO+PROT supplement provided no additional performance benefits compared to a placebo within a 12 week block periodization protocol in trained weightlifters. Introducción. En estudios previos se han investigado las pautas nutritivas en sujetos no entrenados; en sujetos entrenados hay menos información.Objetivos. El objeto de este estudio fue examinar los efectos de un suplemento con carbohidratos y proteínas (CHO+PROT) sobre el rendimiento de levantadores de peso entrenadosMétodos. Diez levantadores entrenados (edad 30,8±5,1, 177.4 ±4.0 cm, 94.3 ± 12.4 kg, tiempo de entrenamiento = 5.3 ± 2.9 años) completaron un programa de doce semanas usando bloques periódicos. Con un diseño doble ciego con placebo se compararon los grupos en series de 2x4; se analizaron los distintos parámetros específicos del deporte. Para la comparación se utilizó ANOVA.Resultados. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas ( p>0.05)entre grupos tratados y grupos con placebo en cuanto a las medidas de altura de salto y potencia máxima en saltos con peso y sin peso. Tampoco hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p>0.05) en la fuerza máxima ni en el ritmo de desarrollo de la fuerza con levantamientos isométricos de medio muslo.Conclusión. Estos hallazgos indican que un suplemento de CHO+PROT en comparación con el placebo no aportó beneficios adicionales en levantadores entrenados durante un protocolo de bloques periódicos de 12 semanas.

An Analysis of Loneliness and Contributing Factors Among College Students

Graduate Applie