Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

BACKGROUND: Global development goals increasingly rely on country-specific estimates for benchmarking a nation's progress. To meet this need, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 estimated global, regional, national, and, for selected locations, subnational cause-specific mortality beginning in the year 1980. Here we report an update to that study, making use of newly available data and improved methods. GBD 2017 provides a comprehensive assessment of cause-specific mortality for 282 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2017. METHODS: The causes of death database is composed of vital registration (VR), verbal autopsy (VA), registry, survey, police, and surveillance data. GBD 2017 added ten VA studies, 127 country-years of VR data, 502 cancer-registry country-years, and an additional surveillance country-year. Expansions of the GBD cause of death hierarchy resulted in 18 additional causes estimated for GBD 2017. Newly available data led to subnational estimates for five additional countries-Ethiopia, Iran, New Zealand, Norway, and Russia. Deaths assigned International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes for non-specific, implausible, or intermediate causes of death were reassigned to underlying causes by redistribution algorithms that were incorporated into uncertainty estimation. We used statistical modelling tools developed for GBD, including the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm), to generate cause fractions and cause-specific death rates for each location, year, age, and sex. Instead of using UN estimates as in previous versions, GBD 2017 independently estimated population size and fertility rate for all locations. Years of life lost (YLLs) were then calculated as the sum of each death multiplied by the standard life expectancy at each age. All rates reported here are age-standardised

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Présentation

La revue interrégionale Documents d’archéologie méridionale constitue une collection d’études analytiques et synthétiques concernant les données archéologiques des cultures du Sud de la France (et des régions limitrophes). Les périodes concernées vont du début de l’âge du Bronze à la fin de l’âge du Fer. La revue, fondée en 1978, accueille des dossiers thématiques, des articles de méthodologie, ainsi que des informations plus ponctuelles rédigées sous forme de notes. Retrouvez les anciens nu..

Results of assessment of stationarity of the coefficients of the predictors of the COVID-19 risks in the Greater St. Louis Area, Missouri.

Results of assessment of stationarity of the coefficients of the predictors of the COVID-19 risks in the Greater St. Louis Area, Missouri.</p

Univariable associations between ZCTA-level COVID-19 risk and potential predictors in the Greater St. Louis Area, Missouri (USA).

Univariable associations between ZCTA-level COVID-19 risk and potential predictors in the Greater St. Louis Area, Missouri (USA).</p

Geographically varying coefficients of local geographically weighted negative binomial model of COVID-19 risks in the Greater St. Louis Area, Missouri (USA).

Geographically varying coefficients of local geographically weighted negative binomial model of COVID-19 risks in the Greater St. Louis Area, Missouri (USA).</p

S1 Data -

(CSV)</p

Geographic distribution of ZCTA-level COVID-19 risk and its significant predicators in the Greater St. Louis area, Missouri (USA).

Geographic distribution of ZCTA-level COVID-19 risk and its significant predicators in the Greater St. Louis area, Missouri (USA).</p

Final global negative binomial model showing significant predictors of COVID-19 risk in the Greater St. Louis Area, Missouri (USA).

Final global negative binomial model showing significant predictors of COVID-19 risk in the Greater St. Louis Area, Missouri (USA).</p