24 mJ Cr+4:forsterite four-stage master-oscillator power-amplifier laser system for high resolution mid-infrared spectroscopy

We present the design of a Cr:forsterite based single-frequency master-oscillator power-amplifier laser system delivering much higher output energy compared to previous literature reports. The system has four amplifying stages with two-pass configuration each, thus enabling the generation of 24 mJ output energy in the spectral region around 1262 nm. It is demonstrated that the presented Cr:forsterite amplifier preserves high spectral and pulse quality, allowing a straightforward energy scaling. This laser system is a promising tool for tunable nonlinear down-conversion to the mid-infrared spectral range and will be a key building block in a system for high-resolution muonic hydrogen spectroscopy in the 6.8 \u3bcm rang

Model-independent evidence for J/ψpJ/\psi p contributions to Λb0→J/ψpK−\Lambda_b^0\to J/\psi p K^- decays

The data sample of $\Lambda_b^0\to J/\psi p K^-$ decays acquired with the LHCb detector from 7 and 8~TeV $pp$ collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb$^{-1}$, is inspected for the presence of $J/\psi p$ or $J/\psi K^-$ contributions with minimal assumptions about $K^- p$ contributions. It is demonstrated at more than 9 standard deviations that $\Lambda_b^0\to J/\psi p K^-$ decays cannot be described with $K^- p$ contributions alone, and that $J/\psi p$ contributions play a dominant role in this incompatibility. These model-independent results support the previously obtained model-dependent evidence for $P_c^+\to J/\psi p$ charmonium-pentaquark states in the same data sample.Comment: 21 pages, 12 figures (including the supplemental section added at the end

Quantum numbers of the X(3872)X(3872) state and orbital angular momentum in its ρ0Jψ\rho^0 J\psi decay

Angular correlations in $B^+\to X(3872) K^+$ decays, with $X(3872)\to \rho^0 J/\psi$, $\rho^0\to\pi^+\pi^-$ and $J/\psi \to\mu^+\mu^-$, are used to measure orbital angular momentum contributions and to determine the $J^{PC}$ value of the $X(3872)$ meson. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collisions collected with the LHCb detector. This determination, for the first time performed without assuming a value for the orbital angular momentum, confirms the quantum numbers to be $J^{PC}=1^{++}$. The $X(3872)$ is found to decay predominantly through S wave and an upper limit of $4\%$ at $95\%$ C.L. is set on the fraction of D wave.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure

Observation of Z production in proton-lead collisions at LHCb

The first observation of Z boson production in proton-lead collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per proton-nucleon pair of root(s) N N = 5TeV is presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.6 nb(-1) collected with the LHCb detector. The Z candidates are reconstructed from pairs of oppositely charged muons with pseudorapidities between 2.0 and 4.5 and transverse momenta above 20 GeV/c. The invariant dimuon mass is restricted to the range 60-120 GeV/c. The Z production cross-section is measured to be sigma(Z ->mu+mu-) (fwd) = 13.5(-4.0)(+5.4)(stat.) +/- 1.2(syst.) nb in the direction of the proton beam and sigma(Z ->mu+mu-) (bwd) = 10.7(-5.1)(+8.4)(stat.) +/- 1.0(syst.) nb in the direction of the lead beam, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic

Measurement of the Bs0→J/ψK∗0B^0_s\rightarrow J/\psi K^{*0} branching fraction and angular amplitudes

A search for the decay $B^0_s\rightarrow J/\psi K^{*0}$ with $K^{*0} \rightarrow K^-\pi^+$ is performed with 0.37 fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV collected by the LHCb experiment, finding a \Bs \to J\psi K^-\pi^+ peak of $114 \pm 11$ signal events. The $K^-\pi^+$ mass spectrum of the candidates in the $B^0_s$ peak is dominated by the $K^{*0}$ contribution. Subtracting the non-resonant $K^-\pi^+$ component, the branching fraction of \BsJpsiKst is $(4.4_{-0.4}^{+0.5} \pm 0.8) \times 10^{-5}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. A fit to the angular distribution of the decay products yields the \Kst polarization fractions $f_L = 0.50 \pm 0.08 \pm 0.02$ and $f_{||} = 0.19^{+0.10}_{-0.08} \pm 0.02$

Measurement of Upsilon production in pp collisions at \sqrt{s} = 7 TeV

The production of Upsilon(1S), Upsilon(2S) and Upsilon(3S) mesons in proton-proton collisions at the centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s)=7 TeV is studied with the LHCb detector. The analysis is based on a data sample of 25 pb-1 collected at the Large Hadron Collider. The Upsilon mesons are reconstructed in the decay mode Upsilon -> mu+ mu- and the signal yields are extracted from a fit to the mu+ mu- invariant mass distributions. The differential production cross-sections times dimuon branching fractions are measured as a function of the Upsilon transverse momentum pT and rapidity y, over the range pT < 15 GeV/c and 2.0 < y < 4.5. The cross-sections times branching fractions, integrated over these kinematic ranges, are measured to be sigma(pp -> Upsilon(1S) X) x B(Upsilon(1S)->mu+ mu-) = 2.29 {\pm} 0.01 {\pm} 0.10 -0.37 +0.19 nb, sigma(pp -> Upsilon(2S) X) x B(Upsilon(2S)->mu+ mu-) = 0.562 {\pm} 0.007 {\pm} 0.023 -0.092 +0.048 nb, sigma(pp -> Upsilon(3S) X) x B(Upsilon(3S)->mu+ mu-) = 0.283 {\pm} 0.005 {\pm} 0.012 -0.048 +0.025 nb, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third is due to the unknown polarisation of the three Upsilon states.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figure

Evidence for CP violation in time-integrated D0 -> h-h+ decay rates

A search for time-integrated CP violation in D0 -> h-h+ (h=K, pi) decays is presented using 0.62 fb^-1 of data collected by LHCb in 2011. The flavor of the charm meson is determined by the charge of the slow pion in the D*+ -> D0 pi+ and D*- -> D0bar pi- decay chains. The difference in CP asymmetry between D0 -> K-K+ and D0 -> pi-pi+, Delta ACP = ACP(K-K+) - ACP(pi-pi+), is measured to be [-0.82 \pm 0.21(stat.) \pm 0.11(syst.)]%. This differs from the hypothesis of CP conservation by 3.5 standard deviations.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables; v2 minor updates after journal revie

Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Background: Population estimates underpin demographic and epidemiological research and are used to track progress on numerous international indicators of health and development. To date, internationally available estimates of population and fertility, although useful, have not been produced with transparent and replicable methods and do not use standardised estimates of mortality. We present single-calendar year and single-year of age estimates of fertility and population by sex with standardised and replicable methods. Methods: We estimated population in 195 locations by single year of age and single calendar year from 1950 to 2017 with standardised and replicable methods. We based the estimates on the demographic balancing equation, with inputs of fertility, mortality, population, and migration data. Fertility data came from 7817 location-years of vital registration data, 429 surveys reporting complete birth histories, and 977 surveys and censuses reporting summary birth histories. We estimated age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs; the annual number of livebirths to women of a specified age group per 1000 women in that age group) by use of spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression and used the ASFRs to estimate total fertility rates (TFRs; the average number of children a woman would bear if she survived through the end of the reproductive age span [age 10–54 years] and experienced at each age a particular set of ASFRs observed in the year of interest). Because of sparse data, fertility at ages 10–14 years and 50–54 years was estimated from data on fertility in women aged 15–19 years and 45–49 years, through use of linear regression. Age-specific mortality data came from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 estimates. Data on population came from 1257 censuses and 761 population registry location-years and were adjusted for underenumeration and age misreporting with standard demographic methods. Migration was estimated with the GBD Bayesian demographic balancing model, after incorporating information about refugee migration into the model prior. Final population estimates used the cohort-component method of population projection, with inputs of fertility, mortality, and migration data. Population uncertainty was estimated by use of out-of-sample predictive validity testing. With these data, we estimated the trends in population by age and sex and in fertility by age between 1950 and 2017 in 195 countries and territories. Findings: From 1950 to 2017, TFRs decreased by 49\ub74% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 46\ub74–52\ub70). The TFR decreased from 4\ub77 livebirths (4\ub75–4\ub79) to 2\ub74 livebirths (2\ub72–2\ub75), and the ASFR of mothers aged 10–19 years decreased from 37 livebirths (34–40) to 22 livebirths (19–24) per 1000 women. Despite reductions in the TFR, the global population has been increasing by an average of 83\ub78 million people per year since 1985. The global population increased by 197\ub72% (193\ub73–200\ub78) since 1950, from 2\ub76 billion (2\ub75–2\ub76) to 7\ub76 billion (7\ub74–7\ub79) people in 2017; much of this increase was in the proportion of the global population in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The global annual rate of population growth increased between 1950 and 1964, when it peaked at 2\ub70%; this rate then remained nearly constant until 1970 and then decreased to 1\ub71% in 2017. Population growth rates in the southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania GBD super-region decreased from 2\ub75% in 1963 to 0\ub77% in 2017, whereas in sub-Saharan Africa, population growth rates were almost at the highest reported levels ever in 2017, when they were at 2\ub77%. The global average age increased from 26\ub76 years in 1950 to 32\ub71 years in 2017, and the proportion of the population that is of working age (age 15–64 years) increased from 59\ub79% to 65\ub73%. At the national level, the TFR decreased in all countries and territories between 1950 and 2017; in 2017, TFRs ranged from a low of 1\ub70 livebirths (95% UI 0\ub79–1\ub72) in Cyprus to a high of 7\ub71 livebirths (6\ub78–7\ub74) in Niger. The TFR under age 25 years (TFU25; number of livebirths expected by age 25 years for a hypothetical woman who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) in 2017 ranged from 0\ub708 livebirths (0\ub707–0\ub709) in South Korea to 2\ub74 livebirths (2\ub72–2\ub76) in Niger, and the TFR over age 30 years (TFO30; number of livebirths expected for a hypothetical woman ageing from 30 to 54 years who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) ranged from a low of 0\ub73 livebirths (0\ub73–0\ub74) in Puerto Rico to a high of 3\ub71 livebirths (3\ub70–3\ub72) in Niger. TFO30 was higher than TFU25 in 145 countries and territories in 2017. 33 countries had a negative population growth rate from 2010 to 2017, most of which were located in central, eastern, and western Europe, whereas population growth rates of more than 2\ub70% were seen in 33 of 46 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2017, less than 65% of the national population was of working age in 12 of 34 high-income countries, and less than 50% of the national population was of working age in Mali, Chad, and Niger. Interpretation: Population trends create demographic dividends and headwinds (ie, economic benefits and detriments) that affect national economies and determine national planning needs. Although TFRs are decreasing, the global population continues to grow as mortality declines, with diverse patterns at the national level and across age groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide transparent and replicable estimates of population and fertility, which can be used to inform decision making and to monitor progress. Funding: Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation

Propuesta del dise\uf1o de un programa de postgrado de pediatr\ueda y puericultura para el hospital DR. Pastor Oropeza, IVSS. Barquisimeto

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo proponer el dise\uf1o de un Programa de Postgrado de Pediatr\ueda y Puericultura para el Hospital Dr Pastor Oropeza (HPO) del IVSS, Barquisimeto. Se origina en la necesidad de formar m\ue9dicos pediatras competentes para laborar en centros hospitalarios y en la red de atenci\uf3n primaria, mejorando la calidad de atenci\uf3n m\ue9dica del ni\uf1o y del adolescente. Consisti\uf3 en una investigaci\uf3n descriptiva tipo Proyecto Factible de Campo realizada en tres fases, aplicando instrumentos de observaci\uf3n tipo encuesta y lista de cotejo, validados por expertos. La primera fase, diagn\uf3stica de la necesidad de atenci\uf3n pedi\ue1trica, seg\ufan la opini\uf3n de m\ue9dicos y pacientes del hospital y ambulatorios. La segunda fase, el estudio de su factibilidad y la tercera fase, el dise\uf1o de la propuesta. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que s\ued era necesario y factible un curso de postgrado. Para el dise\uf1o de la propuesta, se analizaron: los programas de diez cursos de postgrado de pediatr\ueda iberoamericanos incluyendo los programas \ufanicos de postgrado de M\ue9xico, Panam\ue1, USA, Canad\ue1 y Espa\uf1a, as\ued como los programas de postgrado de pediatr\ueda de las universidades nacionales. Con estas bases se estructur\uf3 el dise\uf1o curricular con seis componentes curriculares (\uc1reas b\ue1sicas, puericultura, urgencias, cl\uednica pedi\ue1trica, pediatr\ueda hospitalaria, pediatr\ueda social) y cuatro ejes transversales (Asistencia m\ue9dica, docencia, investigaci\uf3n y bio\ue9tica m\ue9dica). Este programa contribuir\ue1 con el fortalecimiento de la salud en la poblaci\uf3n pedi\ue1trica, la investigaci\uf3n cl\uednica y epidemiol\uf3gica y a mejorar la calidad de atenci\uf3n pedi\ue1trica integral con la incorporaci\uf3n plena de la Pediatr\ueda Social. .Palabras clave: Programa. Postgrado. Pediatr\ueda. Curr\uedculo. Pediatr\ueda Social

Parasitosis intestinales en preescolares y escolares inmunodeficientes secundarios, con s\uedntomas gastrointestinales. Hospital Universitario de Pediatr\ueda "Dr. Agust\uedn Zubillaga".

Con el objetivo de caracterizar las parasitosis intestinales en preescolares y escolares inmunodefic\uedentes secundarios, con s\uedntomas gastrointestinales, que acudieron al Hospital Universitario de Pediatr\ueda Dr. Agust\uedn Zubillaga Barquisimeto-Lara, en el lapso Marzo-Diciembre 2008, se realiz\uf3 un estudio descriptivo transversal, con una poblaci\uf3n constituida por preescolares y escolares inmunodeficientes secundarios atendidos u hospitalizados en el Hospital Pedi\ue1trico y controlados en la consulta de PRONASIDA, utilizando un muestreo no probabil\uedstico intencional. Se evaluaron 50 ni\uf1os, examinando de cada uno, entre una y tres muestras de heces (directo, concentrado, Coloraciones de Hematoxilina F\ue9rrica, Ziehi-Neelsen modificado y Quenzel; m\ue9todos Graham y Baerman). Se encontr\uf3 parasitada 68% de la muestra, predominando en preescolares (64,7%) y masculinos (64,7%). El dolor abdominal y hiporexia fueron los s\uedntomas m\ue1s frecuentes (35,30%). La especie parasitaria predominante fue B. hominis (50%), seguida de G. Lamblia y Crypiosporidium sp. (41,2%), E. hislolylica (20,60%), E. vermicularis (5,9%), A. lumbricoides (2,90%) y Estrongiloideos (2,90%). Se hallaron comensales (indicador de fecalismo) en 30% de la muestra. La frecuencia de parasitados fue proporcional al n\ufamero de muestras evaluadas por individuo. Seg\ufan la causa de inmunodeficiencia secundaria, el grupo m\ue1s afectado fue el de los pacientes oncol\uf3gicos (88%). No hubo diferencia significativa entre examen directo, concentrado y tinciones especiales, a excepci\uf3n de la tinci\uf3n de ZiehlNeelsen modificado, \ufanica t\ue9cnica que permiti\uf3 demostrar Cryptosporidium sp. La presencia de E. vermicularis se demostr\uf3 \ufanicamente por el m\ue9todo de Graham. Este estudio demostr\uf3 una frecuencia de parasitosis intestinales en ni\uf1os inmunodeficientes secundarios mayor a la reportada para la poblaci\uf3n infantil, con elevada proporci\uf3n de Cryptosporidium sp., evidenciando la necesidad de la tinci\uf3n de Ziehl-Neelsen modificado para su diagn\uf3stico y del empleo de la t\ue9cnica de Graham para el diagn\uf3stico de E. vermicularis, as\ued como la necesidad del examen de heces seriado, especialmente en este tipo de paciente