Indicators for interactions from legacy worked and unworked faunal assemblages from the quackenbush site, a late woodland site in the Kawartha lakes region, Ontario

The Quackenbush site (BdGm-l) is located in what is now Ontario, at the northeastern limit of the area known to have been occupied by the Huron-Wendat pre-dispersal and visited by the Anishinaabeg of the Canadian Shield. Excavations of portions of the site half a century ago uncovered parts of three longhouses and midden deposits. We generated the data presented here as part of a larger scholarly effort aimed at analyzing and writing up all of the material culture from the site. We investigate ways in which faunal remains can be used to inform on the nature of the activities conducted at the site and to trace past interactions between the site’s occupants and people living on the Canadian Shield and in the St. Lawrence Valley at that time, finding tentative evidence for the former and more conclusive evidence for the latter. We hypothesize that people originating from the St. Lawrence Valley were present at the Quackenbush site and making bone artifacts as a way of maintaining or negotiating identity.Le site Quackenbush (BdGm-1) est situé à la limite septentrionale de ce qui correspond à la région ontarienne occupée par les Hurons-Wendat avant leur dispersion historique et visitée par les Anishinaabeg du Bouclier canadien. La fouille partielle du site il y a un demi-siècle a révélé la présence de trois maisons-longues et de dépotoirs. Les données présentées ici proviennent d’un large effort collectif visant l’analyse et la publication des données portant sur la culture matérielle du site. Nous y examinons de quelles manières les assemblages fauniques travaillés et non travaillés peuvent être utilisées pour documenter les activités menées sur le site et pour retracer les interactions entre les habitants du site et les populations autochtones du Bouclier canadien et de la vallée du Saint-Laurent à cette époque. Les données sont plus éloquentes pour les secondes que pour les premières. Elles semblent indiquer que des individus provenant de la vallée du Saint-Laurent ont été présents au site Quackenbush et y ont fabriqué des objets en os dont les styles ont servi à maintenir ou à négocier leur identité dans leur nouvelle communauté d’accueil

Le stress prénatal maternel d'une catastrophe naturelle réduit le niveau d'ARNm de GR-β placentaire

Le placenta humain régule le transfert du stress maternel au foetus, notamment via l’activité de l’enzyme 11β-hydroxystéroïde déshydrogénase de type 2 (11β-HSD2). La 11β-HSD2 convertit le cortisol maternel en cortisone, protégeant le foetus d’un excès de cortisol. Le stress maternel prénatal (PNMS) est associé à une diminution de l’activité de la 11β-HSD2 placentaire et avec une augmentation du cortisol foetal ce qui peut affecter le développement du foetus. La 11β- HSD2 placentaire joue un rôle direct dans la modulation des effets de l’exposition prénatale aux glucocorticoïdes endogènes, mais aussi un action indirect via l’activation des récepteurs aux glucorticoïdes (GR) ainsi que le transporteur placentaire de glucose de type 1 (GLUT-1). En outre, le PNMS a été associé à une diminution de l’expression de GLUT-1 et du transfert de glucose au foetus. L’objectif est de déterminer si les effets d’une exposition au PNMS (ex: une inondation) sont associés à une altération de l’expression et/ou de l’activité de la 11β-HSD2, de l’expression de GR, GLUT-1 au niveau du placenta. Le niveau d’ARNm a été évalué par RTqPCR sur les placentas issus d’une cohorte de femmes enceinte lors d’une inondation. Les résultats démontrent que le stress subjectif causé par une inondation réduit l’expression du GR-β, mais pas la 11β-HSD2. Cette étude est la première à mettre en lien le PNMS et le niveau de GR- β, ce qui implique une augmentation de réponse au cortisol en ne modifiant pas l’expression de la 11β-HSD2.</p

Revue d'histoire du Bas-Saint-Laurent, vol. 12 (3-4)

Mot de l'éditeur -- Au micro de CJBR -- La grande histoire de CJBR -- Jules-A. Brillant et le poste CJBR -- Avec CJBR, un bon en avant pour le Bas St-Laurent -- CJBR, l'école -- L'annonceur: un éducateur populaire -- Sandy Burgess : le journaliste que j'ai connu -- "Ce pays qui est le mien" -- Un demi-siècle d'information: que de nouvelles! -- Journaliste de père en fils à CJBR -- Le théâtre à CJBR -- 50 ans de musique à CJBR, le château fort de la mélodie française -- Poésie, théâtre, jazz et originalité avec Michel Garneau -- Les "Chroniques du dimanche", l'âge d'or de la critique culturelle à CJBR -- "Si CJBR m'était conté..." -- L'évolution technologique, un élément-clef de l'histoire des 50 ans de radiodiffusion -- La publicité à CJBR, quarante ans de croissance -- Des pionnières à CJBR -- 1958-1972, des années enrichissantes -- De Trois-Pistoles à Rimouski -- Le sport et son enracinement dans le milieu régional -- "Debout c'est l'heure", c'est Jean Brisson qui sonne le réveil -- "Par une belle journée de tempête" -- Et on repart vers la centain

Le Forum, Vol. 43 #3

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/francoamericain_forum/1101/thumbnail.jp

Le Forum, Vol. 42 No. 3

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/francoamericain_forum/1096/thumbnail.jp

Le Forum, Vol. 42 No. 4

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/francoamericain_forum/1097/thumbnail.jp

Exploring the Contextual Sensitivity of Factors that Determine Cell-to-Cell Variability in Receptor-Mediated Apoptosis

Stochastic fluctuations in gene expression give rise to cell-to-cell variability in protein levels which can potentially cause variability in cellular phenotype. For TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) variability manifests itself as dramatic differences in the time between ligand exposure and the sudden activation of the effector caspases that kill cells. However, the contribution of individual proteins to phenotypic variability has not been explored in detail. In this paper we use feature-based sensitivity analysis as a means to estimate the impact of variation in key apoptosis regulators on variability in the dynamics of cell death. We use Monte Carlo sampling from measured protein concentration distributions in combination with a previously validated ordinary differential equation model of apoptosis to simulate the dynamics of receptor-mediated apoptosis. We find that variation in the concentrations of some proteins matters much more than variation in others and that precisely which proteins matter depends both on the concentrations of other proteins and on whether correlations in protein levels are taken into account. A prediction from simulation that we confirm experimentally is that variability in fate is sensitive to even small increases in the levels of Bcl-2. We also show that sensitivity to Bcl-2 levels is itself sensitive to the levels of interacting proteins. The contextual dependency is implicit in the mathematical formulation of sensitivity, but our data show that it is also important for biologically relevant parameter values. Our work provides a conceptual and practical means to study and understand the impact of cell-to-cell variability in protein expression levels on cell fate using deterministic models and sampling from parameter distributions

Brain energy rescue:an emerging therapeutic concept for neurodegenerative disorders of ageing

The brain requires a continuous supply of energy in the form of ATP, most of which is produced from glucose by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, complemented by aerobic glycolysis in the cytoplasm. When glucose levels are limited, ketone bodies generated in the liver and lactate derived from exercising skeletal muscle can also become important energy substrates for the brain. In neurodegenerative disorders of ageing, brain glucose metabolism deteriorates in a progressive, region-specific and disease-specific manner — a problem that is best characterized in Alzheimer disease, where it begins presymptomatically. This Review discusses the status and prospects of therapeutic strategies for countering neurodegenerative disorders of ageing by improving, preserving or rescuing brain energetics. The approaches described include restoring oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, increasing insulin sensitivity, correcting mitochondrial dysfunction, ketone-based interventions, acting via hormones that modulate cerebral energetics, RNA therapeutics and complementary multimodal lifestyle changes

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research