Impacto do uso e ocupação da terra na cobertura pedológica de Neossolo Quartzarênico Órtico típico na cabeceira de drenagem do rio Branco

Conhecer as propriedades físicas e químicas do solo, bem como os demais componentes ambientais são fundamentais para elaboração de políticas públicas voltadas para o ordenamento do território, preservando assim as áreas mais vulneráveis.  O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar os impactos ambientais decorrentes do processo de uso e ocupação nos Neossolos Quartzarênicos Órtico típico na cabeceira de drenagem do rio Branco no sudoeste de Mato Grosso. A metodologia consistiu em três etapas, quais sejam atividade de gabinete, atividade de campo e atividade de laboratório. Com o intuito de compreender o processo de colonização, recorreu-se à análise de documentos e referencial bibliográfico; os impactos ambientais associados foram verificados em campo. As análises de sedimentos de fundo e de solos seguiram a metodologia proposta pela Embrapa (2017). Nas análises físicas foram encontrados a predominância da fração areia (acima de 90%) em todos os horizontes. No horizonte superficial a saturação por bases foi classificada como muito baixa (14%), demonstrando a baixa fertilidade do solo que se contrapôs com a saturação de alumino de 56%, sendo este, tóxico para plantas cultivadas.  A ocupação na bacia iniciou-se a partir da década de 1960. Com a ocupação, houve a supressão da vegetação nativa da área de estudo, em ambiente com vulnerabilidade ambiental ao uso. A falta de uso de práticas conservacionistas, ocasionou diversos impactos associados, como a falta de APPs, processos erosivos, assoreamento dos canais de drenagem. A presença de diversas voçorocas destoa na paisagem como principal impacto observad

DOMESTIC WORKER WOMEN IN DIFFERENT SCENARIOS

Introdução: Há tempos as mulheres têm buscado encontrar seu próprio caminho sem que aja o direcionamento de um homem em suas decisões. Tendo alcançado o direito do voto, a possibilidade de estudar e trabalhar, além de ser a ‘rainha do lar’ ou ‘dona de casa’, mãe e cuidadora da família. Todavia, com a possibilidade de trabalho fora do seu ambiente famíliar, fez com que as mulheres adentrassem em uma relação de trabalho semelhante à sua rotina doméstica de lavar, passar, fazer comida e ser a cuidadora, só que de outros lares, assim o serviço domestico passa a ser remunerado. Onde, somente no ano de 2013 essas mulheres passaram a ter seus direitos garantidos por lei. Entretanto, mesmo com a legislação, muitas destas estão a margem do trabalho ilegalizado. Objetivo: Explorar na literura estudos que contemplem as relações do trabalho domestico por mulheres em diferentes cenários. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo narrativo da literatura, devido a busca pelos materiais não serem preciso em esgotar as fontes de informações, não aplicando estratégias sofisticadas e exaustivas. A seleção dos estudos e a interpretação das informações estão sujeitas à subjetividade proposta no objetivo definido. Considerações: A partir da leitura do material, pode-se compreender que a luta das domesticas ainda se faz necessária, pois falta de informação sobre a legislação e a necessidade muitas das vezes por ser a progenitora do lar, as expõe em na margem da vunerabilidade do trabalho doméstico. A falta de pesquisas que ampliem a discussão acerca da relação do trabalho domestico nos diversos contextos aos quais as mulheres estão inseridas. Ademais o preconceito ante ao estigma da mulher doméstica e a exposição do assedio moral e sexual. Contudo, é preciso dar voz a estas mulheres afim de identificar estratégias que possam promover saúde e bem-estar e as façam reconhecer-se na sociedade.  Introduction: Women have long sought to find their own way without directing a man in his decisions. Having achieved the right to vote, the ability to study and work, as well as being the 'home queen' or 'housewife', mother and caregiver of the family. However, with the possibility of working outside their family environment, it made women enter into a working relationship similar to their domestic routine of washing, ironing, making food and being the caregiver, but from other homes, so the service. domestic service is paid. Where, only in 2013 did these women have their rights guaranteed by law. However, even with legislation, many of these are on the fringes of illegal work. Objective: To explore in literature studies that contemplate the relationships of domestic work by women in different scenarios. Methodology: This is a qualitative narrative study of the literature, because the search for materials is not necessary to exhaust the sources of information, not applying sophisticated and exhaustive strategies. The selection of studies and the interpretation of information are subject to the subjectivity proposed in the defined objective. Considerations: From the reading of the material, it can be understood that the struggle of homemaking is still necessary, because lack of information about the legislation and the need often to be the parent of the home, exposes them in the margin of profitability. of housework. The lack of research that broadens the discussion about the relationship of domestic work in the various contexts to which women are inserted. In addition the prejudice against the stigma of domestic women and the exposure of moral and sexual harassment. However, these women need to be given a voice in order to identify strategies that can promote health and well-being and make them recognize themselves in society

The Southern Brazilian shelf: general characteristics, quaternary evolution and sediment distribution

Extending from latitude 34ºS to 22ºS the Southern Brazilian shelf constitutes the only part of the Brazilian shelf with a subtropical to temperate environment. The studies on the different geological aspects of the area began in the 1960's and have recently been reassessed after studies related to the determination of the Economic Exclusive Zone. In terms of morphology, the Southern Brazilian shelf may be divided into three sectors, the São Paulo Bight, the Florianópolis-Mostardas Sector and the Rio Grande Cone, characterized by conspicuous differences in terms of geological determining factors, bathymetry, declivities and the presence of canyons and channels. Despite the existence of hundreds of radiocarbon datings the sea level changes curve of southern Brazil during the Last Glacial Cycle is still a matter of debate. A recent controversy on the Middle and late Holocene sea level changes curve raised the question of the amplitude of the oscillations which occurred in the period. Also, a few but relatively consistent radiocarbon datings suggest the occurrence of a high sea level during Isotope Stage 3. In terms of sedimentary cover the Southern Brazilian shelf exhibits a very strong hydrodynamic control, both latitudinal and bathymetrical. The sector southward from 25ºS is characterized by the influence of the plume of water carrying sediments originating from the Río de La Plata. Actually its presence is conspicuous up to 28ºS, with the area between this latitude and 25ºS constituting a transitional zone. In terms of bathymetry the outer shelf is marked by the "floor-polisher" effect of the Brazil Current, which is responsible for the maintenance of a relict facies in areas deeper than 100 meters.Estendendo-se entre as latitudes 34ºS e 22ºS, a plataforma continental sul-brasileira constitui o único setor que corresponde a um ambiente subtropical a temperado. Os estudos dos diferentes aspectos geológicos da área iniciaram-se na década de 1960 e foram recentemente retomados após os trabalhos relativos à delimitação da Zona Econômica Exclusiva. Em termos de morfologia, pode ser dividida em três setores: Embaiamento de São Paulo, Setor Florianópolis-Mostardas e o Cone do Rio Grande, cada qual definido com base em diferenças geológicas relativas a batimetria, declividade e a presença de cânions e canais. A despeito da existência de centenas de datações ao radiocarbono, a curva de variações relativas do nível do mar no Último Ciclo Glacial é ainda tema de debate. Controvérsia recente sobre as curvas de variação do nível do mar sobre as durante o Holoceno Médio e Tardio trouxe à tona a questão da amplitude das oscilações do nível do mar. Adicionalmente, poucas mas consistentes datações sugerem a ocorrência de um nível do mar elevado durante o Estágio Isotópico 3. Em termos de processos sedimentares atuais, a plataforma continental sul-brasileira exibe um controle hidrodinâmico muito forte, tanto latitudinal quanto batimétrico. O setor ao sul de 25ºS é caracterizado pela influência da pluma de água que carreia sedimentos originários do Rio da Prata, cuja presença é conspícua até 28ºS, havendo uma zona de transição entre essas duas latitudes. A plataforma externa é marcada pelo "efeito enceradeira" da Corrente do Brasil, relíquia responsável pela manutenção de uma fácies em áreas além da isóbata de 100 metros.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)(CNPq) Conselho de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológic

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

The psychological science accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges