INFLUÊNCIA DO TEMPO DE ESTABULAÇÃO NO COMPORTAMENTO DE EQUINOS DA RAÇA CRIOULA

Os equinos, ao contrário de hoje, eram animais totalmente livres, com isso, é fundamental saber a influência do tempo de estabulação em relação ao seu comportamento. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar se o tempo de estabulação interfere no grau de bem-estar dos equinos, avaliado por meio da manifestação de comportamentos anormais. O trabalho foi realizado na Cabanha El Guitarrero, localizada no Município de Galvão, em Santa Catarina, no período entre junho de 2013 a março de 2014. Foram avaliados oito animais adultos da raça Crioula, sendo quatro machos castrados e quatro fêmeas (fêmeas em anestro), com dois machos e duas fêmeas distribuídos de forma aleatória nos dois tratamentos experimentais: T4h (animais permanecem fora da baia, em pastagem, por quatro horas diárias); T10h (animais permanecem fora da baia, em pastagem, por dez horas diárias). Os dados foram coletados em três diferentes dias e as observações realizadas nos turnos matutino (das 9h às 11h30min) e vespertino (das 14h às 17h). As observações foram realizadas a uma distância que não alterasse o comportamento dos animais. O método de observação foi por animal focal, com cada animal identificado e observado de maneira individual. Os comportamentos sociais e o tempo de pastejo foram os dados que mais apresentaram diferença. Os animais que ficavam fechados nas baias apresentavam mais comportamentos agonísticos, pastejo e do ócio em pé; com isso, eles se tornavam mais estressados. Em relação aos comportamentos normais, os principais realizados pelo grupo de tratamento quatro horas livres foram pastando; comportamento social e comportamento lúdico, quando fechados nas baias ficaram mais tempo comendo e dormindo. Os animais do grupo de tratamento 10 horas ficaram mais tempo pastando e tendo comportamentos sociais. Os valores médios (horas) dos comportamentos anormais foram de 20,7 para o grupo quatro horas livre, contra 13,9 para o grupo 10 horas livre. Em decorrência isso, animais que ficam mais tempo fechados apresentam mais atividades anormais que animais no pasto.Palavras-chave: Pastagem. Pacing. Baia

COMPASSIONATE CONSERVATION: CONCEPT AND APPLICATIONS

ABSTRACTThe growth of urban areas, the unfamiliarity of people with wildlife, the spread of cities into wilderness and the loss of natural habitats cause animals and humans to live in close proximity in and around urban areas. This situation imposes many challenges to both parties and occasionally generates conflicts. When managing conflict situations, the traditional approach considers almost exclusively conservation, with little or no regard for animal welfare. This work aimed to discuss the concept of compassionate conservation and its application in practice by addressing three relevant wildlife conservation issues. The compassionate conservation approach unites conservation and animal welfare in an effort for more enlightened decision making and, consequently, improvement in animal and human welfare and environment aspects. In an overview of some wildlife management methods, the approaches are compared regarding strengths and weaknesses on animal welfare and conservation

Physico-chemical and sensorial properties of fermented sausages formulated with different proportions of meat from swine and culling ewes

Avaliou-se a inclusão de diferentes níveis de carne de ovelhas de descarte (animais Texel &times; Ile de France com idade superior a seis anos) em relação à carne suína sobre a qualidade de embutidos fermentados do tipo salame. Os embutidos foram elaborados com 0, 15, 35, 55 ou 75% de carne da perna, paleta e pescoço das ovelhas, acrescidos de pernil suíno e 10% de toucinho suíno. A evolução do pH e da atividade de água (a w) foi avaliada nos dias zero, três, sete e 14 após o embutimento. Após a maturação dos salames, foram determinadas, ainda, a perda de peso, a qualidade microbiológica e as características sensoriais dos embutidos prontos. A inclusão de carne ovina na formulação não alterou a evolução do pH e a w. Entretanto, influenciou (P<0,05) os valores finais de pH, a w e a perda de peso. Os embutidos com carne ovina na formulação apresentaram valores de pH final inferiores àquele observado para o embutido elaborado somente com carne suína. Este último apresentou a w inferior e maior perda de peso, em comparação ao produto contendo 15% de carne ovina na formulação. Todas as formulações atenderam a legislação quanto à qualidade microbiológica. Na análise sensorial, o embutido elaborado com 15% de carne ovina foi considerado superior ao embutido elaborado somente com carne suína para os aspectos cor, sabor e textura; contudo, não diferiu dos demais embutidos elaborados com carne ovina. Assim, é possível elaborar embutido fermentado com até 75% de carne de ovelhas de descarte na formulação.The influence of including different proportions of meat from swine and culling ewes on the quality of fermented sausage type salami was evaluated. Five different formulations were prepared containing 0, 15, 35, 55, or 75% of meat from leg, shoulder, and neck of the ewes, added of swine meat and 10% of swine fat. Evolution of pH and water activity (a w) was evaluated on days 0, 3, 7, and 14 of the maturation period. After that, it was still determined the weight loss, microbiological quality, and the sensorial features of the sausages. The inclusion of sheep meat in the formulation did not changed pH and a w evolution. However, differences in final values of pH, a w, and weight loss were found (P<0.05). Sausages with sheep meat in the formulation had lower pH than that without sheep meat. The control sausage (0% sheep meat) also showed lower a w and a greater weight loss than sausage with 15% of sheep meat. All formulations attended the actual legislation about microbiological quality. In the sensorial analysis, the sausage prepared with 15% of sheep meat in the formulation was considered better than that formulated just with swine meat in relation to color, flavor, and texture features. However, there were no differences in sensorial characteristics among sausages with sheep meat. Thus, it is possible to produce fermented sausages with until 75% of meat from culling ewes in the formulation

Erratum: Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Interpretation: By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Understanding the relation between Zika virus infection during pregnancy and adverse fetal, infant and child outcomes: a protocol for a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of longitudinal studies of pregnant women and their infants and children

IntroductionZika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy is a known cause of microcephaly and other congenital and developmental anomalies. In the absence of a ZIKV vaccine or prophylactics, principal investigators (PIs) and international leaders in ZIKV research have formed the ZIKV Individual Participant Data (IPD) Consortium to identify, collect and synthesise IPD from longitudinal studies of pregnant women that measure ZIKV infection during pregnancy and fetal, infant or child outcomes.Methods and analysisWe will identify eligible studies through the ZIKV IPD Consortium membership and a systematic review and invite study PIs to participate in the IPD meta-analysis (IPD-MA). We will use the combined dataset to estimate the relative and absolute risk of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), including microcephaly and late symptomatic congenital infections; identify and explore sources of heterogeneity in those estimates and develop and validate a risk prediction model to identify the pregnancies at the highest risk of CZS or adverse developmental outcomes. The variable accuracy of diagnostic assays and differences in exposure and outcome definitions means that included studies will have a higher level of systematic variability, a component of measurement error, than an IPD-MA of studies of an established pathogen. We will use expert testimony, existing internal and external diagnostic accuracy validation studies and laboratory external quality assessments to inform the distribution of measurement error in our models. We will apply both Bayesian and frequentist methods to directly account for these and other sources of uncertainty.Ethics and disseminationThe IPD-MA was deemed exempt from ethical review. We will convene a group of patient advocates to evaluate the ethical implications and utility of the risk stratification tool. Findings from these analyses will be shared via national and international conferences and through publication in open access, peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberPROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42017068915).</jats:sec

Alteração da frequência cardíaca e frequência respiratória de ovinos advindas do estresse após administração de anti-helmínticos

O artigo não apresenta resumo em português

Alteração da frequência cardíaca e frequência respiratória de ovinos advindas do estresse após administração de anti-helmínticos

O artigo não apresenta resumo em português

Produção animal e vegetal em pastagem de Cynodon manejada sob diferentes ofertas de forragem por ovinos de dois grupos genéticos Animal and vegetal production of a Cynodon pasture managed under different forage allowance by wethers of two breeding groups

Foi avaliado o potencial produtivo de uma pastagem de Cynodon dactylon var.dactylon manejada em um sistema de pastoreio com lotação contínua com ovinos. Testou-se o efeito de três níveis de oferta (3, 6 ou 9kg de matéria seca (MS) 100kg-1 de peso corporal (PC)) de lâminas foliares verdes (OFLV) sobre os atributos da pastagem e sobre o desempenho de borregos de dois grupos genéticos (Texel × Ile de France e Lacaune × Texel × Ile de France). O período experimental foi de 53 dias sendo utilizados 18 borregos de cada grupo genético distribuídos ao acaso em nove piquetes experimentais (três por tratamento). A OFLV real foi próxima à pretendida em cada tratamento (i.e. 3,2, 6,7 e 9,5% do PC). A massa de forragem (média de 3474kg de MS ha-1) teores de MS, fibra em detergente neutro e proteína bruta das amostras coletadas por simulação de pastejo (médias de 49,4, 76,1 e 12,9, respectivamente) não foram afetados pelos tratamentos. A taxa de acúmulo de lâminas foliares verdes aumentou (P<0,05) de 12,1 para 20,5kg de MS ha-1 dia-1 e a carga animal reduziu de 1178 para 609kg de PC ha-1 quando a OFLV aumentou de 3,2 para 9,5% do PC. A produtividade animal por área de pastagem foi em média negativa (ganho de PC de -551g ha-1dia-1), altamente variável (coeficiente de variação de 280%) e não foi afetada pelos tratamentos. O desempenho individual dos animais foi afetado pela interação entre tratamento e grupo genético (P<0,05). O ganho médio diário de peso pelos ovinos cruzados com Lacaune foi positivo (34g dia-1) e mais alto (P<0,05) na maior oferta, nulo na menor oferta e negativo (-62g dia-1) na oferta intermediária de pasto. Diferentemente, o ganho de peso dos animais Texel × Ile de France foi negativo e similar em todos os tratamentos (média de -18g dia-1). Independentemente do grupo genético, o tempo diário de pastejo foi similar nos tratamentos de menor e maior oferta, mas foi menor na oferta intermediária de pasto (P<0,05). Em conclusão, a pastagem de Cynodon dactylon var. dactylon apresentou um baixo potencial produtivo, principalmente quando a OFLV foi igual ou inferior a 6% do PC dos animais. Contudo, os resultados indicam também que a estrutura da pastagem e o potencial genético dos animais interagem com a oferta de forragem para determinar o desempenho de animais a pasto.<br>The productive potential of a Cynodon dactylon var.dactylon pasture managed under continuous stocking with wethers was evaluated. The effect of three (3, 6 or 9kg of dry matter (DM) 100kg-1 of body weight (BW)) green leaf allowances (GLAL) on pasture attributes and animal performance of two genetic groups (Texel × Ile de France and Lacaune × Texel × Ile de France) was tested. Experiment was carried out through a 53 days period with 18 wethers of each genetic group randomly distributed in nine pasture plots (three pasture plots per treatment). Actual GLAL were near to those planned for each treatment (i.e. 3.2, 6.7 e 9.5% of BW). Forage mass (mean of 3474kg of DM ha-1) and the content of DM, neutral detergent fibre and crude protein of samples taken through grazing simulation (mean of 49.4, 76.1 and 12.9%, respectively) were not affected by treatments. The green leaf growth rate increased (P<0.05) from 12.1 to 20.5kg of DM ha-1day-1 and stocking rate decreased (P<0.05) from 1178 to 609kg of BW ha-1 when GLAL increased from 3.2 to 9.5% of BW. Animal production per area was in average negative (mean BW gain of -551g ha-1day-1), highly variable (variation coefficient of 280%) and not affected by treatments. Individual animal performance was affected by interaction between treatments and animal breed (P<0.05). Daily BW gain by Lacaune-crossed wethers was positive (34g day-1) and higher (P<0.05) for the highest allowance, null for the lowest allowance and negative (-62g day-1) for the intermediary allowance treatment. Differently, the daily BW gain by Texel × Ile de France wethers was negative and similar for all treatments (mean of -18g day-1). Independently of animal breeding, the daily grazing time was similar for the lowest and highest forage allowance treatments whereas it was lower for the intermediary level of forage allowance (P<0.05). In conclusion, the Cynodon dactylon var. dactylon pasture showed a low productive potential, mainly when the GLAL was similar or lower than 6% of animal BW. However, results also indicate that pasture structure and animal breed interact with forage allowance to determine animal performance

Mind the Gap: Animal Protection Law and Opinion of Sheep Farmers and Lay Citizens Regarding Animal Maltreatment in Sheep Farming in Southern Brazil

We aimed to study the gaps between the law and sheep farmer and citizen opinions regarding animal maltreatment by discussing the risk of sheep maltreatment in regular farming practices in Southern Brazil. We surveyed the perception of 56 farmers and 209 citizens regarding general animal and specific on-farm sheep maltreatment issues. The main themes from these two groups about the key components of animal maltreatment were similar: failing to provide for the basic animal needs (27.0%; 96 of 355 total quotes) and aggression or physical abuse (23.9%; 85/355). However, citizens (19.8%; 60/303) were more sensitive than farmers (9.6%; 5/52) to animal stress, suffering, fear, pain or painful procedures (p p p < 0.05), but nearly half of the farmers recognized sheep maltreatment within regular production practices. Most citizens (86.4%; 140/162) and all farmers (100.0%; 0/51) were unaware of any Brazilian animal protection law. Most citizens (79%; 131/167) stated that they would not purchase products from animals exposed to maltreatment. We suggest painful procedures as a major risk of animal maltreatment in sheep farming and a priority issue. With the many decades of animal protection laws and scientific recognition of animal sentience and welfare requirements, the level of cognitive dissonance and practical contradictions observed in our results indicate that mitigation policies are urgently needed