The Effects of RAD1 and RAD10 on Mitochondrial Stability in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The mitochondria have long been known as the powerhouse of the cell due to their essential role in oxidative phosphorylation to create energy. Mitochondria have their own genome separate from the nucleus, and may undergo mutations that lead to neuromuscular disease as well as account for some effects of aging. The effects and repair mechanisms of mutations to nuclear DNA have long been studied in order to map out the specific proteins and pathways involved. Nucleotide excision repair is a pathway involving a single-strand break which allows the template strand to be copied after removing the damaged bases. Rad1p and Rad10p are subunits of the nucleotide excision repair factor 1 (NEF1) which cleaves 5\u27 of the site of damage. Single strand annealing is a repair pathway in which a double-strand break is detected and regions of homology recombine creating 3\u27 flaps of nonhomology. Rad1p and Rad10p together form a flap endonuclease that specifically cuts at the 5\u27 incision during single-strand annealing (Bardwell et al. 1994). The goal of this research focuses on determining if the nuclear genes RAD1 and RAD10 play a role in mitochondrial stability. The results of an assay measuring spontaneous respiration loss showed a 1.5 fold increase in rad10Δ strains from wildtype strains and a 1.2 fold increase in rad1Δ strains. The increase in respiration loss of rad10Δ strains was significant with a p value of 0.00003 in a two-tailed t-test. The increase in rad1Δ strain respiration loss was insignificant with a p value of 0.068 in a two-tailed t test. A direct repeat-mediated deletion (DRMD) assay was performed and resulted in a 2.3 fold decrease in nuclear mutation rate in rad10Δ strains compared to wildtype and a 1.8 fold decrease in rad1Δ strains. A two-tailed t-test was performed and indicated that the 2.3 fold decrease in nuclear mutation rates was significant with a p value of 0.0003 for rad10Δ strains. The 1.8 fold decrease in rad1Δ strain mutations was significant with a p value of 0.0005 in a two-tailed t test. The DRMD assay also indicated that there was no significant change in mutation rates in mitochondrial DNA of rad10Δ, or rad1Δ strains compared to wildtype. A two-tailed t-test demonstrated the insignificance of the mitochondrial mutation rate changes, a p value of 0.44 was obtained for rad1Δ and a p value of 0.73 was obtained for rad10Δ. Results from an induced DRMD assay showed a 1.25 fold increase in mutation rates of rad10Δ strains compared to wildtype and a 1.20 fold increase in rad1Δ strains. The increase in both strains was found to be insignificant using a two-tailed t test with p values of 0.063 and 0.052 for rad1Δ and rad10Δ strains respectively. While the results from the respiration loss assay indicate that RAD1 and RAD10 may be involved in maintaining the integrity of the mitochondrial genome, further exploration cannot support this claim. RAD1 and RAD10 are not involved in maintaining the mitochondrial genome through the single-strand annealing pathway it is known to function in within the nucleus. The genes may be involved in another pathway which was not tested in the assays used in this study such as nucleotide excision repair within the mitochondria

Lifelong Learning im Open C³S. Akademischen Weiterbildung im Bereich Cyber-Sicherheit: Zielgruppen, Inhalte, Organisationsformen und Anrechnung beruflicher Kompetenzen. Erwartungen von Experten im Umfeld von Open C³S

Im Rahmen des BMBF-geförderten Kooperationsprojektes Open Competence Center for Cyber Security (kurz Open C³S) und im Sinne des projektinternen Qualitätsmanagements wurde eine empirische Erhebung zu Fragen der Ausgestaltung akademischer Weiterbildungen im Bereich Cyber-Sicherheit durchgeführt. Die zentralen Schwerpunkte dieser Studie umfassen die Ermittlung der Zielgruppen sowie der Erwartungen hinsichtlich der Inhalte und Organisationsformen im Kontext der Anrechnung berufl icher Kompetenzen auf hochschulische und universitäre Studiengänge

Handreichung Anrechnung Teil 1. Ein theoretischer Überblick

Diese Handreichung gibt in neun Kapiteln einen theoretischen Einblick in das Thema Anrechnung. Dabei werden u. a. Anrechnungsverfahren, zentrale Konzepte und Bezugsrahmen sowie die Qualitätssicherung in Anrechnungsprozessen in den Blick genommen. Die Handreichung wird ergänzt durch einen zweiten Teil, der Praxiserfahrungen mit Anrechnung einbezieht. Diese Publikation ist im Rahmen der wissenschaftlichen Begleitung des Bund-Länder-Wettbewerbs „Aufstieg durch Bildung: offene Hochschulen“ entstanden. (Hrgs.

Anrechnung Teil 1: Ein theoretischer Überblick

Diese Handreichung gibt in neun Kapiteln einen theoretischen Einblick in das Thema Anrechnung. Dabei werden unter anderem Anrechungsverfahren, zentrale Konzepte und Bezugsrahmen sowie die Qualitätssicherung in Anrechnungsprozessen in den Blick genommen. Die Handreichung wird ergänzt durch einen zweiten Teil, der Praxiserfahrungen mit Anrechnung einbezieht

Azimuthal anisotropy of charged jet production in root s(NN)=2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions

We present measurements of the azimuthal dependence of charged jet production in central and semi-central root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions with respect to the second harmonic event plane, quantified as nu(ch)(2) (jet). Jet finding is performed employing the anti-k(T) algorithm with a resolution parameter R = 0.2 using charged tracks from the ALICE tracking system. The contribution of the azimuthal anisotropy of the underlying event is taken into account event-by-event. The remaining (statistical) region-to-region fluctuations are removed on an ensemble basis by unfolding the jet spectra for different event plane orientations independently. Significant non-zero nu(ch)(2) (jet) is observed in semi-central collisions (30-50% centrality) for 20 <p(T)(ch) (jet) <90 GeV/c. The azimuthal dependence of the charged jet production is similar to the dependence observed for jets comprising both charged and neutral fragments, and compatible with measurements of the nu(2) of single charged particles at high p(T). Good agreement between the data and predictions from JEWEL, an event generator simulating parton shower evolution in the presence of a dense QCD medium, is found in semi-central collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Forward-central two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between trigger particles in the forward pseudorapidity range (2.5 2GeV/c. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B. V.Peer reviewe

Event-shape engineering for inclusive spectra and elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV

Peer reviewe

Pseudorapidity and transverse-momentum distributions of charged particles in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The pseudorapidity (eta) and transverse-momentum (p(T)) distributions of charged particles produced in proton-proton collisions are measured at the centre-of-mass energy root s = 13 TeV. The pseudorapidity distribution in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1.8 is reported for inelastic events and for events with at least one charged particle in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1. The pseudorapidity density of charged particles produced in the pseudorapidity region vertical bar eta vertical bar <0.5 is 5.31 +/- 0.18 and 6.46 +/- 0.19 for the two event classes, respectively. The transverse-momentum distribution of charged particles is measured in the range 0.15 <p(T) <20 GeV/c and vertical bar eta vertical bar <0.8 for events with at least one charged particle in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1. The evolution of the transverse momentum spectra of charged particles is also investigated as a function of event multiplicity. The results are compared with calculations from PYTHIA and EPOS Monte Carlo generators. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe