TIMSS 2019. Skalenhandbuch zur Dokumentation der Erhebungsinstrumente und Arbeit mit den Datensätzen

Die Studie TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study) ist eine international vergleichende Schulleistungsuntersuchung, die von der International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) – einem unabhängigen, internationalen Zusammenschluss von Forschungseinrichtungen, Wissenschaftler:innen sowie Regierungsstellen – durchgeführt wird. Das Kernanliegen der Studie ist es, langfristige Entwicklungen in den Bildungssystemen der teilnehmenden Staaten und Regionen zu untersuchen. Im Fokus stehen mathematische und naturwissenschaftliche Kompetenzen von Viertklässler:innen. Mit dem vorliegenden Handbuch werden die im Rahmen von TIMSS 2019 in Deutschland eingesetzten Befragungsinstrumente dokumentiert. Das Handbuch umfasst damit die Instrumente, die Teil der internationalen Berichterstattung sind, und nationale Ergänzungen dieser Instrumente, die in Deutschland vorgenommen wurden. Um die Arbeit mit den Datensätzen der Studie zu ermöglichen, werden zudem System-, Organisations- und Linkingvariablen sowie nachträglich generierte Indizes dokumentiert. Deskriptive Statistiken und Skalenkennwerte ermöglichen eine Einschätzung der Verteilungen der eingesetzten Variablen sowie der Datenqualität. Die Dokumentation der Erhebungsinstrumente ist in der Reihenfolge der Administration und nach den befragten Personengruppen gegliedert. Ferner ermöglichen Verzeichnisse und Übersichtstabellen einen inhaltlichen Zugang. (DIPF/Orig.

The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex

The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet little is known about the specific genetic loci that influence human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants that affect cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 51,665 individuals. We analyzed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 regions with known functional specializations. We identified 199 significant loci and found significant enrichment for loci influencing total surface area within regulatory elements that are active during prenatal cortical development, supporting the radial unit hypothesis. Loci that affect regional surface area cluster near genes in Wnt signaling pathways, which influence progenitor expansion and areal identity. Variation in cortical structure is genetically correlated with cognitive function, Parkinson's disease, insomnia, depression, neuroticism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

MHz data collection of a microcrystalline mixture of different jack bean proteins

Design Type(s)protocol testing objectiveMeasurement Type(s)protein structure dataTechnology Type(s)x ray crystallographyFactor Type(s)Sample Characteristic(s)Canavalia Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data (ISA-Tab format

Megahertz data collection from protein microcrystals at an X-ray free-electron laser

The European X-ray free-electron laser (EuXFEL) in Hamburg is the first megahertz (MHz) repetition rate XFEL. Here the authors use lysozyme crystals and microcrystals from jack bean proteins and demonstrate that damage-free high quality data can be collected at a MHz repetition rate

Identification of infants with increased type 1 diabetes genetic risk for enrollment into Primary Prevention Trials-GPPAD-02 study design and first results

Primary prevention of type 1 diabetes (T1D) requires intervention in genetically at-risk infants. The Global Platform for the Prevention of Autoimmune Diabetes (GPPAD) has established a screening program, GPPAD-02, that identifies infants with a genetic high risk of T1D, enrolls these into primary prevention trials, and follows the children for beta-cell autoantibodies and diabetes. Genetic testing is offered either at delivery, together with the regular newborn testing, or at a newborn health care visits before the age of 5 months in regions of Germany (Bavaria, Saxony, Lower Saxony), UK (Oxford), Poland (Warsaw), Belgium (Leuven), and Sweden (Region Skåne). Seven clinical centers will screen around 330 000 infants. Using a genetic score based on 46 T1D susceptibility single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or three SNPS and a first-degree family history for T1D, infants with a high (>10%) genetic risk for developing multiple beta-cell autoantibodies by the age of 6 years are identified. Screening from October 2017 to December 2018 was performed in 50 669 infants. The prevalence of high genetic risk for T1D in these infants was 1.1%. Infants with high genetic risk for T1D are followed up and offered to participate in a randomized controlled trial aiming to prevent beta-cell autoimmunity and T1D by tolerance induction with oral insulin. The GPPAD-02 study provides a unique path to primary prevention of beta-cell autoimmunity in the general population. The eventual benefit to the community, if successful, will be a reduction in the number of children developing beta-cell autoimmunity and T1D.status: publishe