E-Learning und Geschlechterdifferenzen? Zwischen Selbsteinschätzung, Nutzungsnötigung und Diskurs

Der Beitrag behandelt das Zusammenspiel von geschlechtlichen Identitätskonstruktionen und E-Learning-Nutzung. Geschlecht steht regelmäßig im Fokus von Untersuchungen zur Techniknutzung. Diese haben allerdings in der Regel zum Ziel, mit quantitativen Datenerhebungen Geschlechterunterschiede zu identifizieren und nebeneinander zu stellen. Der Beitrag beschreibt den Ansatz, das Thema auch qualitativ zu untersuchen, sowie erste Ergebnisse. Zentraler Ansatzpunkt ist die Selbsteinschätzung von E-Learning-bezogenen Kompetenzen. Drei Fragestellungen stehen im Zentrum des Forschungsvorhabens: 1. Unterstützen die Struktur und die Handhabung von E-Learning-Settings Geschlechterkonstruktionen – v.a. auch Selbstzuschreibungen – der Studierenden, die sie nutzen? Wenn ja (2), auf welche Weise? 3. Welche geschlechtlichen Differenzierungen werden so produziert und wirksam? (DIPF/ Orig.

Measurement of the charge ratio of atmospheric muons with the CMS detector

We present a measurement of the ratio of positive to negative muon fluxes from cosmic ray interactions in the atmosphere, using data collected by the CMS detector both at ground level and in the underground experimental cavern at the CERN LHC. Muons were detected in the momentum range from 5 GeV/c to 1 TeV/c. The surface flux ratio is measured to be 1.2766±0.0032(stat.)±0.0032(syst.), independent of the muon momentum, below 100 GeV/c. This is the most precise measurement to date. At higher momenta the data are consistent with an increase of the charge ratio, in agreement with cosmic ray shower models and compatible with previous measurements by deep-underground experiments.ISSN:0370-2693ISSN:0031-9163ISSN:1873-244

Transverse-Momentum and Pseudorapidity Distributions of Charged Hadrons in pp Collisions at √s=7 TeV

Charged-hadron transverse-momentum and pseudorapidity distributions in proton-proton collisions at √s=7  TeV are measured with the inner tracking system of the CMS detector at the LHC. The charged-hadron yield is obtained by counting the number of reconstructed hits, hit pairs, and fully reconstructed charged-particle tracks. The combination of the three methods gives a charged-particle multiplicity per unit of pseudorapidity dNch/dη||η|<0.5=5.78±0.01(stat)±0.23(syst) for non-single-diffractive events, higher than predicted by commonly used models. The relative increase in charged-particle multiplicity from √s=0.9 to 7 TeV is [66.1±1.0(stat)±4.2(syst)]%. The mean transverse momentum is measured to be 0.545±0.005(stat)±0.015(syst)  GeV/c. The results are compared with similar measurements at lower energies

Measurement of the underlying event activity at the LHC with √s=7 TeV and comparison with √s=0.9 TeV

A measurement of the underlying activity in events with a jet of transverse momentum in the several GeV region is performed in proton-proton collisions at √s=0.9 and 7 TeV, using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The production of charged particles with pseudorapidity |η|  0.5 GeV/c is studied in the azimuthal region transverse to that of the leading set of charged particles forming a track-jet. A significant growth of the average multiplicity and scalar-pT sum of the particles in the transverse region is observed with increasing pT of the leading track-jet, followed by a much slower rise above a few GeV/c. For track-jet pT larger than a few GeV/c, the activity in the transverse region is approximately doubled with a centre-of-mass energy increase from 0.9 to 7 TeV. Predictions of several QCD-inspired models as implemented in pythia are compared to the data.ISSN:1126-6708ISSN:1029-847

Etiologies of uterine malformations.

Ranging from aplastic uterus (including Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome) to incomplete septate uterus, uterine malformations as a group are relatively frequent in the general population. Specific causes remain largely unknown. Although most occurrences ostensibly seem sporadic, familial recurrences have been observed, which strongly implicate genetic factors. Through the study of animal models, human syndromes, and structural chromosomal variation, several candidate genes have been proposed and subsequently tested with targeted methods in series of individuals with isolated, non-isolated, or syndromic uterine malformations. To date, a few genes have garnered strong evidence of causality, mainly in syndromic presentations (HNF1B, WNT4, WNT7A, HOXA13). Sequencing of candidate genes in series of individuals with isolated uterine abnormalities has been able to suggest an association for several genes, but confirmation of a strong causative effect is still lacking for the majority of them. We review the current state of knowledge about the developmental origins of uterine malformations, with a focus on the genetic variants that have been implicated or associated with these conditions in humans, and we discuss potential reasons for the high rate of negative results. The evidence for various environmental and epigenetic factors is also reviewed. (c) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc