A practical framework and online tool for mutational signature analyses show inter-tissue variation and driver dependencies

Mutational signatures are patterns of mutations that arise during tumorigenesis. We present an enhanced, practical framework for mutational signature analyses. Applying these methods on 3,107 whole genome sequenced (WGS) primary cancers of 21 organs reveals known signatures and nine previously undescribed rearrangement signatures. We highlight inter-organ variability of signatures and present a way of visualizing that diversity, reinforcing our findings in an independent analysis of 3,096 WGS metastatic cancers. Signatures with a high level of genomic instability are dependent on TP53 dysregulation. We illustrate how uncertainty in mutational signature identification and assignment to samples affects tumor classification, reinforcing that using multiple orthogonal mutational signature data is not only beneficial, it is essential for accurate tumor stratification. Finally, we present a reference web-based tool for cancer and experimentally-generated mutational signatures, called Signal (https://signal.mutationalsignatures.com), that also supports performing mutational signature analyses.This work was funded by a Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Pioneer Award (grant no. C60100/A23433), Wellcome-Beit Prize, CRUK Advanced Clinician Scientist Fellowship (grant no. C60100/A23916), Wellcome Trust Strategic Award (WT100126/B/13/Z) and CRUK PRECISION Grand Challenge awar

The driving prospects of sustainable environment in Malaysia / Nik Isyraq Hasif Nik Zainal

This paper investigates the relationship between Carbon Dioxide Emissions (CO2) and the other factors such as Financial Development (FD), Energy Consumption (ENG), Economic Expansion (GDP) and Trade Openness (TO) in Malaysia. Annual time series data for the 1975 to 2014 period, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Unit Root Test such as Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Phillips Perron (PP) are used for the analysis. The results reveal that among the factors of GDP and TO have positive significant impact on GDP growth. However, FD and ENG are the only variables that does not have significant bearings to CO2 emissions in Malaysia. The study ultimately analyse the short run and long run elasticities of the model of sustainable development

Denyut Voltan Tinggi

Permintaan pengguna ke atas makanan sentiasa berubah. Pada hari ini pengguna menuntut makanan yang segar dan asli. Pempasteuran terma bukan sahaja boleh membunuh mikroorganisma tetapi boleh memberi kesan kepada rasa, warna dan kualiti makanan yang digunakan. Kaedah pempasteuran sejuk dibangunkan untuk membunuh mikroorganisma tanpa penggunaan haba. Salah satu kaedah ialah dengan menggunakan medan denyut elektrik untuk pempasteuran makanan cecair. Kajian adalah melibatkan penggunaan medan denyut elektrik keatas makanan cecair seperti susu. Sampel susu dimasukkan ke dalam bekas rawatan dan dirawat menggunakan medan denyut elektrik. Maksimum voltan yang mampu dibekalkan ialah 17 kV. Parameter seperti kekuatan medan elektrik, bilangan denyut, lebar denyut diubah-ubah untuk mengkaji kesannya terhadap kadar ketidakaktifan mikroorganisma

A conceptual study of connectivity elements towards successful green network / Nor Hamizah Abdul Hamid, Muhamad Ezran Zainal Abdullah and Nik Hanita Nik Mohamad

Rapid urbanization has resulted in the loss of natural setting of urban spaces. Fusing the gap between nature andthe city development can generate both common cause and conflict. Green network is a significant shift in linking urban green spaces that will lay out over the coming decades. At present, this green network is not successfully applied due to many open spaces that are not well connected. Hence, connectivity elements provided by the green network plays an important role in helping to conserve urban sustainability. Furthermore, green network is recognized as an effective urban conservation strategy to mitigate the effects of urbanization while maintaining healthy living and sustainability for urban area. However, the opportunity for green network to function as a linkage has not been optimized. Therefore, this research investigates on visitors‟ responses to different dimension of their needs for natural connectivity in the context of sustainable living. Data were collected using interviews and surveys on the scope of connectivity elements towards successful green network. This research offers input on green network by addressing visitors strong preferences towards natural connectivity elements compared to man-made landscape elements

From genome integrity to cancer

The genome in each of our normal cells acquires somatic genetic changes throughout life [1]. The burden of DNA damage from exogenous and endogenous sources is considerable, but highly competent DNA repair pathways operate in concert to maintain genome integrity [1]

Holistic cancer genome profiling for every patient.

Technological advances in the ability to read the human genome have accelerated the speed of sequencing, such that today we can perform whole genome sequencing (WGS) in one day. Until recently, genomic studies have largely been limited to seeking novel scientific discoveries. The application of new insights gained through cancer WGS into the clinical domain, have been relatively limited. Looking ahead, a vast amount of data can be generated by genomic studies. Of note, excellent organisation of genomic and clinical data permits the application of machine-learning methods which can lead to the development of clinical algorithms that could assist future clinicians and genomicists in the analysis and interpretation of individual cancer genomes. Here, we describe what can be gleaned from holistic whole cancer genome profiling and argue that we must build the infrastructure and educational frameworks to support the modern clinical genomicist to prepare for a future where WGS will be the norm

Characterizing Product Performance as Visual Imaging in Influencing Designer Design Thinking in Product Development

The main purpose of this research is to explore Product Design Images influencing factors to designers prior to Visual Methods to be presented within the Design Research context at the stage of Design Activity. The researcher has chosen the Sequential Explanatory Design to easily communicate the procedures for this mixed-method study. The significance of this project enables researchers to discover the underlying relationship and potential of Research Photography in the product development process for product performance analysis. Qualitative data through the Verbal Protocol Analysis model will potentially be supporting the researcher to investigate within the activity of designers understanding product performances and user needs.  Keywords: Product Design; Visual Methods; Photography; Design Activity eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI6.304

Alkaline treatments on EFB fibre: the effect on mechanical-physical properties and fibre-cement hydration rate

The natural fibres commonly used to enhance the brittleness of the cement matrix but appropriate fibre should be used for a particular purpose depending upon the type of fibre and characteristics. The Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) fibre is one of the major crops in Malaysia, which contribute large scale of waste that is durable and make it reasonable for utilization in cement-based product. However, the presence of hemicellulose, lignin and extractive (oil, sugar and starch) affect the performance of EFB fibre and causes an incompatibility of EFB fibre and cement. Hence, this research is been conducted to explore the suitable proportion of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) treatment for EFB fibre to increase the compatibility of cement with EFB fibre. The NaOH concentration of 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% were used in this study as a chemical pre-treatment of EFB fibre for surface morphology observation and hydration rate test. Meanwhile for only untreated fibre, fibre treated with 0.4% (low concentration), 1% (medium concentration) and 4% (high concentration) of alkali treatment were tested for tensile strength of single EFB fibre. The fibre treated with NaOH has shown a significant different on the hydration temperature for EFB fibre- cement mixed compared with the untreated fibre. The higher NaOH concentration, the greater hydration temperatures obtain. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image show that the increment NaOH concentration applied, the rougher EFB fibre surface is observed with lesser silica body remain. The tensile properties of individual fibre treated with NaOH (0.4%, 1% and 4%) has shown significant increment as compare to the untreated fibre with the highest tensile properties mean value 422.90 N/mm2 at 4% NaOH concentration

The basic of self-management in Asian Folklore

Without management, human lives will face with a lot of risk. For example, self-management has become a basic thing that has been exposed since childhood by adults as well as individuals nearby. Such exposure is also applied in children’s books from an early age as a useful initial input. In this case, the management aspect is knowledge-based that has been widely introduced in Asia for a long time. This can be seen in the Koleksi Cerita Rakyat Asia Untuk Kanak-kanak (Buku 1) which has been published by the Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka as a result of the Asian Copublication Programme, organized by the Asian Cultural Centre for Unesco / Tokyo Book Development Centre, in collaboration with Unesco and the countries of UNESCO members in Asia. The findings also showed that the dominant basis of selfmanagement which covers basic things such as time management, emotions, conflict and hygiene

A mutational signature in gastric cancer suggests therapeutic strategies

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