Spektrofluorimetrijsko određivanje ciklopiroks olamina prevođenjem u ternarni kompleks s Tb(III) i EDTA

A highly sensitive and selective spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of ciclopirox olamine in raw material and in dosage forms. The proposed method is based on the formation of a ternary complex with Tb(III) in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. It was found that this complex manifests intense fluorescence at λem 489 and 545 nm with excitation at 295 nm. Different experimental parameters affecting the fluorescence intensity of the complex were carefully studied and incorporated into the procedure. Under the described conditions, the method is applicable over the concentration range of 30150 and 1070 ng mL-1 with minimum detectability of 6.7 and 0.9 ng mL-1 at λem 489 and 545 nm, respectively. The mean percentage recovery at λem 489 and λem 545 nm ranged between 98.7 and 100.2 for the pure substance, solution, and cream. Relative error of 0.10.4% and RSD up to 0.9% were estimated at λem 489 and 545 nm. A proposal of the reaction pathway is given.Razvijena je vrlo osjetljiva i selektivna spektrofluorimetrijska metoda za određivanje antimikotika ciklopiroks olamina, kao čiste supstancije i u ljekovitim oblicima. Metoda se temelji na stvaranju kompleksa s Tb(III) u prisutnosti etilendiamintetraoctene kiseline. Nakon ekscitacije pri 295 nm taj kompleks intenzivno fluorescira pri λem 489 i 545 nm. Proučavani su različiti eksperimentalni parametri koji utječu na intenzitet fluorescencije kompleksa. Za opisane uvjete metoda se može primijeniti u koncentracijskom području 30150 i 10 70 ng mL-1. Minimalna koncentracija koja se može odrediti je 6,7, odnosno 0,9 ng mL-1 na λem 489, odnosno 545 nm. Analitički povrat pri λem 489 i λem 545 nm iznosio je 98,7100,2% za čistu supstanciju, otopinu i kremu. Relativna pogreška metode je 0,10,4%, a relativna standardna devijacija 0,9%. Predložena je jednažba kemijske reakcije

Spektrofluorimetrijsko određivanje ciklopiroks olamina prevođenjem u ternarni kompleks s Tb(III) i EDTA

A highly sensitive and selective spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of ciclopirox olamine in raw material and in dosage forms. The proposed method is based on the formation of a ternary complex with Tb(III) in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. It was found that this complex manifests intense fluorescence at λem 489 and 545 nm with excitation at 295 nm. Different experimental parameters affecting the fluorescence intensity of the complex were carefully studied and incorporated into the procedure. Under the described conditions, the method is applicable over the concentration range of 30150 and 1070 ng mL-1 with minimum detectability of 6.7 and 0.9 ng mL-1 at λem 489 and 545 nm, respectively. The mean percentage recovery at λem 489 and λem 545 nm ranged between 98.7 and 100.2 for the pure substance, solution, and cream. Relative error of 0.10.4% and RSD up to 0.9% were estimated at λem 489 and 545 nm. A proposal of the reaction pathway is given.Razvijena je vrlo osjetljiva i selektivna spektrofluorimetrijska metoda za određivanje antimikotika ciklopiroks olamina, kao čiste supstancije i u ljekovitim oblicima. Metoda se temelji na stvaranju kompleksa s Tb(III) u prisutnosti etilendiamintetraoctene kiseline. Nakon ekscitacije pri 295 nm taj kompleks intenzivno fluorescira pri λem 489 i 545 nm. Proučavani su različiti eksperimentalni parametri koji utječu na intenzitet fluorescencije kompleksa. Za opisane uvjete metoda se može primijeniti u koncentracijskom području 30150 i 10 70 ng mL-1. Minimalna koncentracija koja se može odrediti je 6,7, odnosno 0,9 ng mL-1 na λem 489, odnosno 545 nm. Analitički povrat pri λem 489 i λem 545 nm iznosio je 98,7100,2% za čistu supstanciju, otopinu i kremu. Relativna pogreška metode je 0,10,4%, a relativna standardna devijacija 0,9%. Predložena je jednažba kemijske reakcije

Evaluations of Ovarian and Luteal Blood Flow Waveform Patterns in Buffalos Subjected to OvSynch Protocol in Cold and Hot Seasons

This current study aimed to determine ovarian and luteal blood flow waveform patterns in buffalos synchronized using OvSynch protocol in cold and hot seasons. Six cyclic buffalo cows aged 6±0.5 years old, having a weight of 400 ± 50 kg, were scanned daily along three successive estrous cycles transrectally by Doppler ultrasonography to evaluate the normal ovarian hemodynamic during the normal spontaneous ovulation and before the start of experiments. Buffaloes were synchronized with gonadotropin[GnRH] –prostaglandin[P] –gonadotropin (GPG) protocol in which animals received 10μg of GnRH on day ??, 0.250μg of PGF2α on day 7, and another dose of 10μg of GnRH was administered 48h after the PGF2α injection. Blood sampling and ovarian ultrasound examinations (color and spectral Doppler modes) were conducted on the day of the estrous and luteal phases. Results revealed that peak systolic velocity waveform (PSV) was significantly (P<0.05) increased in the cold season compared to the hot season. The Luteal blood flow after the end of OvSynch protocol on days (5,7,9, and 11) was significantly increased in the cold season than that in the hot one. The serum levels of estradiol (E2) and nitric oxide (NO) after the second GnRH injection in the OvSynch protocol were significantly (P<0.05) elevated in the cold season as compared to the hot one. Moreover, the progesterone (P4) levels had risen in OvSynch-treated buffaloes on days 5,7,9, and 11 of the cycle in the cold season compared to the hot one. Conclusion: In the cold season, ovarian hemodynamics was significantly improved compared to the hot one; this may influence the reproductive efficiency of buffaloes. Further studies were needed to prove it

Multislice CT in sinonasal polypi; Functional endoscopic sinus surgery correlation

Background: Nasal and sinus illnesses are diagnosed with computed tomography (CT) because CT scans effectively bone anatomy is depicted with air spaces, opacified sinuses, and detailed structural details. Objective: The significance of using multislice CT for the detection and characterization of sinus polyps and the relationship between the CT findings and those of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) have been studied. Patients and Methods: At Zagazig University's Radiodiagnosis Department, we conducted this study on 18 patients, 10 of which were females and eight were males, from a total of 33 individuals. To emphasize the role of multislice (CT) in diagnosis and characterization of sinonasal polypi during functional endoscopic sinus surgery, numerous CT parameters were used and correlated with operational findings. Results: There was a strong correlation calculated by Spearman correlation coefficient (r) for right-sided and left-sided surgeries of 0.76 and 0.87, respectively, for operative endoscopic and Lund-Mackay staging scores. Conclusion: Based on functional endoscopic sinus results, CT and diagnostic endoscopy may be the new standard of care in the diagnosis of sinonasal diseases

Simultaneous determination of paracetamol, caffeine and codeine in tablets and human plasma by micellar liquid chromatography

A simple, rapid, sensitive and eco-friendly liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol (PAR), caffeine (CAF) and codeine (COD). The separation was performed on cyano column using a micellar mobile phase consists of 140 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate, 25 mM phosphate buffer and 10% acetonitrile at pH = 3. The analysis was performed at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and a column temperature of 30 °C under direct UV detection at 210 nm. Total analysis time was below 6 min. Baclofen (BCF) was used as an internal standard. The validation was performed according to the ICH guidelines. The proposed method was linear over the ranges of 0.2-100.0, 0.02-12.0 and 0.2-12.0 µg/mL for PAR, CAF and COD, respectively. The limits of detection were 0.031, 0.007 and 0.054 µg/mL and limits of quantification 0.103, 0.02 and 0.164 µg/mL for PAR, CAF and COD, respectively. The results show that the procedure is suitable for the routine analysis of drugs in tablet dosage forms. The method was further extended to the determination of the studied drugs in spiked human plasma with mean percentage recoveries of 99.61±0.530, 99.28±0.523 and 99.52±0.385 for PAR, CAF and COD, respectively

Numerical estimation and experimental verification of optimal parameter identification based on modern optimization of a three phase induction motor

The parameters of electric machines play a substantial role in the control system which, in turn, has a great impact on machine performance. In this paper, a proposed optimal estimation method for the electrical parameters of induction motors is presented. The proposed method uses the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. Further, it also considers the influence of temperature on the stator resistance. A complete experimental setup was constructed to validate the proposed method. The estimated electrical parameters of a 3.8-hp induction motor are compared with the measured values. A heat run test was performed to compare the effect of temperature on the stator resistance based on the proposed estimation method and the experimental measurements at the same conditions. It is shown that acceptable accuracy between the simulated results and the experimental measurements has been achieved

Bioactive Hydroperoxyl Cembranoids from the Red Sea Soft Coral Sarcophyton glaucum

A chemical investigation of an ethyl acetate extract of the Red Sea soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum has led to the isolation of two peroxide diterpenes, 11(S) hydroperoxylsarcoph-12(20)-ene (1), and 12(S)-hydroperoxylsarcoph-10-ene (2), as well as 8-epi-sarcophinone (3). In addition to these three new compounds, two known structures were identified including: ent-sarcophine (4) and sarcophine (5). Structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, with the relative configuration of 1 and 2 confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Isolated compounds were found to be inhibitors of cytochrome P450 1A activity as well as inducers of glutathione S-transferases (GST), quinone reductase (QR), and epoxide hydrolase (mEH) establishing chemo-preventive and tumor anti-initiating activity for these characterized metabolites

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication