Da (In)capacidade da investigação criminal e da afirmação da delação premiada no ordenamento jurídico português

A atualidade e intensidade da discussão em torno do tema da delação premiada, leva-nos à necessidade de análise e compreensão de um instituto que tem tanto de apelativo como de polémico. A nova fenomenologia criminal, mais complexa, mutável e de difícil investigação, tem colocado em cima da mesa a discussão quanto à necessidade de implementação em Portugal de novos mecanismos, que permitam dotar a justiça e as polícias de investigação criminal, para uma resposta mais rápida e eficaz. Assim, como trave mestra deste trabalho, procura-se perceber em que medida os mecanismos de colaboração premiada se podem assumir como um instituto admissível, necessário e inovador no ordenamento jurídico Português. A natureza descritiva deste trabalho, que se traduz numa revisão de literatura sobre o tema, resultou na utilização conjugada do método de abordagem comum a todo o espectro das ciências e dos métodos de procedimentos mais específicos e particulares (método técnico-jurídico), recorrendo para o efeito às técnicas de investigação de pesquisa de documentação indireta (pesquisa documental e bibliográfica). O mecanismo da delação/colaboração premiada em Portugal, vinculado a determinadas particularidades que o distinguem de institutos positivados em outros ordenamentos jurídicos, existe e está legalmente consagrado, por isso, deve ser considerado como um importante contributo probatório. Não obstante, a sua utilização deve obedecer à estrita observância de critérios de proporcionalidade e complementaridade, devendo a estratégia política e legislativa assentar numa solução mesclada e de equilíbrio, que não ignore o seu potencial probatório e que deste não fique dependente para a resolução das investigações, descurando medidas como o investimento, modernização e especialização da máquina da justiçaThe sharp discussion around the state’s evidence subject urge us to the search of a profound understanding of a tool that can be as appealing as controversial. The constant evolving and growing criminal environment represent a challenging to the criminal investigation. Such has identified the need for the creation of new methodologies and procedures that would allow criminal investigating police officers and courts, working together in a more proficient way enhancing the speed and efficiency of response of the Portuguese judicious system. Therefore, the main purpose of this work is to establish how the state’s evidence subject can have a positive effect in the Portuguese judicious system. This literature review resulted in the combined use of the common method of approach to the entire spectrum of sciences and more specific procedures (technical-legal method), using for this purpose the research techniques of indirect documentation research (documentary and bibliographic research). The state’s evidence subject awarded in Portugal distinguishes itself from other legal systems and is legally consecrated, therefore, it should be considered as a significant valid method judicious evidence. Nevertheless, its use must comply with the strict observance of proportionality and complementarity criteria, and the political and legislative strategy must be guided by a mixed and balanced solution, which does not neglect its evidential potential and does not remain dependent on the cases resolution, leaving outside of justice scope measures as investment, modernization, and specialization

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)