La vega, colombia: healthy municipality. a case study

In 1992 Colombia adopted the strategy of healthy municipalities, renamed in 1997 as healthy municipalities for peace. This strategy was promoted from different sectors and directed to social mobilization aimed at locally achieving equity, quality of life, and social development, thus allowing the creation of favorable-for-peace environments. Some municipalities have applied this strategy and both its processes as well as its results must be studied in order to learn from this experience. One of these municipalities was La Vega in the department of Cundinamarca. A case study of this municipality was carried out in order to evaluate some of the components of this strategy such as political involvement, healthy public policies, articulation between sectors and the organizational structure supporting this strategy. In this municipality the process began in 1990 as a primary health care strategy. In 1992 the mayor declared his commitment to this strategy and a plan of participative development, aimed at improving the quality of life of its population, was implemented. In this same year the Colombian Ministry of Health and the Pan American Health Organization recognized it as a healthy municipality and in 1997 it obtained the national healthy municipality prize. The relevant aspect of La Vega has been the process of community participation, basis of the work aimed at improving peoples´ health.La estrategia de Municipios Saludables se adoptó en Colombia en 1992 y en 1997 tomó el nombre de Municipio Saludable por la Paz. Se interpretó como una estrategia dirigida a la movilización social, impulsada desde diversos sectores para lograr la equidad, calidad de vida y desarrollo social en lo local, permitiendo la creación de ambientes propicios para la paz. Algunos municipios han aplicado esta estrategia y tanto sus procesos como resultados deben ser estudiados para aprender de su experiencia. Uno de estos municipios ha sido La Vega, ubicado en el Departamento de Cundinamarca, Colombia. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de caso de este municipio para evaluar algunos de los componentes de esta estrategia como el compromiso político, las políticas públicas saludables, la articulación intersectorial y la estructura organizativa que le sirve de soporte. El proceso en este municipio se inició en 1990, como una estrategia de atención primaria. En 1992 el alcalde municipal declaró su compromiso con la estrategia y se puso en práctica un plan de desarrollo participativo dirigido a mejorar la calidad de vida de su población. En ese mismo año el Ministerio de Salud y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud lo reconocieron como Municipio Saludable y en 1997 obtuvo el premio nacional de municipio saludable. Lo relevante de La Vega ha sido el proceso de participación comunitaria, eje del trabajo por mejorar la salud de la población

Costos familiares de mantener y abandonar la lactancia exclusiva en el primer mes posparto

Objetivo Estimar la diferencia de costos familiares, directos e indirectos, generados entre mujeres que mantienen la lactancia exclusiva y aquellas que la abandonan, durante el primer mes posparto. Métodos Se realizó un análisis de costos en primíparas de Cali, captadas en su puerperio inmediato y seguidas durante los primeros 30 días posparto. Mediante técnicas no-paramétricas Bootstrap, se estimaron los costos y las diferencias promedio, para los 0-8, 9-30 y 0-30 días posparto, entre mujeres que abandonaron la lactancia exclusiva y aquellas que no abandonaron. Resultados Las mujeres que abandonaron la lactancia exclusiva asumieron mayores costos en alimentación del recién nacido, mientras que aquellas que la mantuvieron tuvieron mayores costos en alimentación para la madre y en contratación de apoyo doméstico. Conclusión Los ahorros que una mujer y su familia pueden tener al mantener la lactancia exclusiva son superados por los costos que se generan en alimentación para la madre. Es necesario diseñar intervenciones orientadas a incrementar la duración de la lactancia exclusiva y a modificar creencias nutricionales que contribuyen a generar consecuencias económicas sobre las familias

Participation of family in the intervention of occupational therapy: Parents experiences of children with cerebral palsy in Valdivia city

This research aims to analyze the experiences of parents about the therapeutic process of their children with cerebral palsy. To make this possible, it is relevant to provide a contextual perspective of this pathology, granting protagonism to the experiences of participation in parents of children with this condition, as well as know the occupational implications that this mentioned participation carries. A qualitative methodology was used, with a narrative design. Main results expose that the participation of parents is essential in the process of functional recovery of their children, nevertheless this carries occupational repercussions at emotional, social and physical levels. The research concludes that parents perceive their participation as satisfactory, nevertheless this one changes according to the context where it is realized and the severity of the clinical profile of the kid. In the same manner, an occupational imbalance is distinguished in the area of leisure and free time, associated with the distribution of the time and work - care of the ki

Problemas y decisiones al final de la vida en pacientes con enfermedad en etapa terminal

Objetivos Describir preferencias en las decisiones al final de la vida en pacientes y familiares,  problemas que subyacen y motivos que los llevan a solicitar apoyo. Métodos Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio de fuentes secundarias de una ONG que brinda apoyo a los pacientes al final de la vida. Resultados La opción más frecuente fue la muerte digna en 43% seguida de la eutanasia en un 12%. Un 22% de las  personas solicitaban orientación  sobre aspectos éticos  y legales y además referentes a la atención adecuada para enfermos terminales. Las patologías que ocuparon el 75% de los diagnósticos  fueron  Enfermedad Crónica Degenerativa, Cáncer y Estado de Coma. La agudización de síntomas fue el principal motivo por el cual solicitaron apoyo y el dolor incontrolable llevó con más frecuencia a la opción por la eutanasia. Sólo 14% de los pacientes habían formalizado sus voluntades anticipadas respecto al final de la vida. La opción de  muerte digna se relacionó con el rechazo a medidas fútiles y al encarnizamiento terapéutico. La eutanasia se percibió como  acción  intencional y autónoma de poner fin al sufrimiento. La familia juega un papel esencial en la toma de decisiones. Conclusiones Las decisiones al final de la vida son  motivadas  por la percepción de unas condiciones no dignas debidas al deterioro progresivo, dolor mal controlado, abandono del paciente crónico, encarnizamiento terapéutico y uso de medidas innecesarias que posponen la muerte. Se toman en un contexto complejo de dilemas religiosos, éticos y legales

Hepatitis B surface antibodies seroprevalence among people born before and after implementation of universal HBV vaccination

Universal vaccination is the most effective strategy to control hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In Argentina, vaccination against HBV was incorporated in year 2000 for newborns and in 2003 for 11 years old children. However, there is a paucity of data about protection levels against HBV infection. The aim of this work was to determine the prevalence of seroprotective anti-HBs antibodies (aHBs) in Argentina. Serum samples negative for HBsAg and anti-HBc from 132 children born after year 2000 and 762 blood donors, older than 18 years, from five centers across the country, were analyzed for aHBs. Titers ¡Ý10 mIU/mL were observed in 74/132 children (56.1%) and 336/762 (44.1%) in blood donors. The median age for blood donors was 33.9 (23¨C43); from them, 210 (27.6%) were born after 1992 and, therefore, were catch-up by vaccine implementation at 11 years old age. Donors born in 1992 or before showed a significantly lower frequency of protection (32.2%) compared to donors born after 1992 (75.2%), p < 0.0001. In addition, significant differences were observed in the status of seroprotection between different participating centers (p = 0.024). Implementation of HBV vaccine in 2000 and 2003 implied an overall increase of the aHBs seroprotective rates, with a particularly adequate response in children vaccinated at 11 years old age. The observed results suggest that population born in 1992 or before is currently the most susceptible. Consequently, it would be advisable to become aware of the risk of transmission in this age group and to stress this population vaccination campaigns.Fil: Di Lello, Federico Alejandro. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Blejer, Jorgelina L.. Fundación Hemocentro; ArgentinaFil: Alter, Adriana. Fundación Hemocentro; ArgentinaFil: Bartoli, Sonia. Centro Regional de Hemoterapia Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Vargas, Fabiana Alejandra. Centro Regional de Hemoterapia de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Ruiz, Rosángela. Hospital Regional Rio Grande; ArgentinaFil: Galli, Claudio. Hospital Regional Rio Grande; ArgentinaFil: Blanco, Sebastian. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Fundación Banco Central de Sangre; ArgentinaFil: Gallego, Sandra Veronica. Fundación Banco Central de Sangre; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Roberto. Fundación Hemocentro; ArgentinaFil: Martínez, Alfredo P.. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno"; ArgentinaFil: Flichman, Diego Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida; Argentin

Galaxy Zoo: CANDELS barred discs and bar fractions

The formation of bars in disc galaxies is a tracer of the dynamical maturity of the population. Previous studies have found that the incidence of bars in discs decreases from the local Universe to z ~ 1, and by z > 1 simulations predict that bar features in dynamically mature discs should be extremely rare. Here, we report the discovery of strong barred structures in massive disc galaxies at z ~ 1.5 in deep rest-frame optical images from the Cosmic Assembly Near-Infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey. From within a sample of 876 disc galaxies identified by visual classification in Galaxy Zoo, we identify 123 barred galaxies. Selecting a subsample within the same region of the evolving galaxy luminosity function (brighter than L*), we find that the bar fraction across the redshift range 0.5 ≤ z ≤ 2 (fbar = 10.7+6.3 -3.5 per cent after correcting for incompleteness) does not significantly evolve.We discuss the implications of this discovery in the context of existing simulations and our current understanding of the way disc galaxies have evolved over the last 11 billion yearsPeer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu channel in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu decay channel, where l = e or mu, in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is presented. The data were collected at the LHC, with the CMS detector, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 inverse femtobarns. No significant excess is observed above the background expectation, and upper limits are set on the Higgs boson production cross section. The presence of the standard model Higgs boson with a mass in the 270-440 GeV range is excluded at 95% confidence level.Comment: Submitted to JHE

Search for New Physics with Jets and Missing Transverse Momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A search for new physics is presented based on an event signature of at least three jets accompanied by large missing transverse momentum, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 inverse picobarns collected in proton--proton collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. No excess of events is observed above the expected standard model backgrounds, which are all estimated from the data. Exclusion limits are presented for the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model. Cross section limits are also presented using simplified models with new particles decaying to an undetected particle and one or two jets

Search for anomalous t t-bar production in the highly-boosted all-hadronic final state

A search is presented for a massive particle, generically referred to as a Z', decaying into a t t-bar pair. The search focuses on Z' resonances that are sufficiently massive to produce highly Lorentz-boosted top quarks, which yield collimated decay products that are partially or fully merged into single jets. The analysis uses new methods to analyze jet substructure, providing suppression of the non-top multijet backgrounds. The analysis is based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 inverse femtobarns. Upper limits in the range of 1 pb are set on the product of the production cross section and branching fraction for a topcolor Z' modeled for several widths, as well as for a Randall--Sundrum Kaluza--Klein gluon. In addition, the results constrain any enhancement in t t-bar production beyond expectations of the standard model for t t-bar invariant masses larger than 1 TeV.Comment: Submitted to the Journal of High Energy Physics; this version includes a minor typo correction that will be submitted as an erratu

Combined search for the quarks of a sequential fourth generation

Results are presented from a search for a fourth generation of quarks produced singly or in pairs in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 inverse femtobarns recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2011. A novel strategy has been developed for a combined search for quarks of the up and down type in decay channels with at least one isolated muon or electron. Limits on the mass of the fourth-generation quarks and the relevant Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements are derived in the context of a simple extension of the standard model with a sequential fourth generation of fermions. The existence of mass-degenerate fourth-generation quarks with masses below 685 GeV is excluded at 95% confidence level for minimal off-diagonal mixing between the third- and the fourth-generation quarks. With a mass difference of 25 GeV between the quark masses, the obtained limit on the masses of the fourth-generation quarks shifts by about +/- 20 GeV. These results significantly reduce the allowed parameter space for a fourth generation of fermions.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO