Abordaje diagnóstico del gato con enfermedad del tracto urinario

ABORDAJE DIAGNÓSTICO DEL GATO CON ENFERMEDAD DEL TRACTO URINARIOLas enfermedades del tracto urinario caudal de los gatos (ETUCG) son un grupo de patologías que afectan a la vejiga y/o uretra, manifestándose por la presencia de signos clínicos del tracto urinario caudal; estas se pueden mostrar con cuadros obstructivos o no obstructivos. Su abordaje diagnóstico implica un proceso sistemático basado en los hallazgos de los estudios epidemiológicos

In vitro models for the study of osteoarthritis

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent disease of most mammalian species and is a significant cause of welfare and economic morbidity in affected individuals and populations. In vitro models of osteoarthritis are vital to advance research into the causes of the disease, and the subsequent design and testing of potential therapeutics. However, a plethora of in vitro models have been used by researchers but with no consensus on the most appropriate model. Models attempt to mimic factors and conditions which initiate OA, or dissect the pathways active in the disease. Underlying uncertainty as to the cause of OA and the different attributes of isolated cells and tissues used mean that similar models may produce differing results and can differ from the naturally occurring disease.This review article assesses a selection of the in vitro models currently used in OA research, and considers the merits of each. Particular focus is placed on the more prevalent cytokine stimulation and load-based models. A brief review of the mechanism of these models is given, with their relevance to the naturally occurring disease. Most in vitro models have used supraphysiological loads or cytokine concentrations (compared with the natural disease) in order to impart a timely response from the cells or tissue assessed. Whilst models inducing OA-like pathology with a single stimulus can answer important biological questions about the behaviour of cells and tissues, the development of combinatorial models encompassing different physiological and molecular aspects of the disease should more accurately reflect the pathogenesis of the naturally occurring disease

Atomic spectrometry update: Review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials

There has been a large increase in the number of papers published that are relevant to this review over this review period. The growth in popularity of LIBS is rapid, with applications being published for most sample types. This is undoubtedly because of its capability to analyse in situ on a production line (hence saving time and money) and its minimally destructive nature meaning that both forensic and cultural heritage samples may be analysed. It also has a standoff analysis capability meaning that hazardous materials, e.g. explosives or nuclear materials, may be analysed from a safe distance. The use of mathematical algorithms in conjunction with LIBS to enable improved accuracy has proved a popular area of research. This is especially true for ferrous and non-ferrous samples. Similarly, chemometric techniques have been used with LIBS to aid in the sorting of polymers and other materials. An increase in the number of papers in the subject area of alternative fuels was noted. This was at the expense of papers describing methods for the analysis of crude oils. For nanomaterials, previous years have seen a huge number of single particle and field flow fractionation characterisations. Although several such papers are still being published, the focus seems to be switching to applications of the nanoparticles and the mechanistic aspects of how they retain or bind with other analytes. This is the latest review covering the topic of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials. It follows on from last year's review1-6 and is part of the Atomic Spectrometry Updates series

Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts

Using Dual-Polarized ALOS PALSAR Data for Detecting New Fronts of Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazônia

This study shows the use of dual-polarized L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data acquired by the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar sensor (PALSAR) system for differentiation between primary forest and new deforestation fronts. Results showed that the new deforested areas are not unequivocally detected in either of the single bands individually. Although most of the recent deforestation appears brighter than mature forests in the HH band, the identification of new deforestation using only this band depends on the stage of the clearing process. Then, the contribution of the HV band through a normalized difference index (NDI) is important for detection of the new deforested fronts. Results indicate that the method can be used as the basis for an operational programme to monitor deforestation in the Brazilian Amazo¿ nia.JRC.H.3-Global environement monitorin

Buffer-layer-assisted morphological manipulation of metal nanoparticle arrays by laser irradiation

We evaluate the performance of an adhesion buffer layer between ordered metal nanoparticle arrays and dielectric substrates on the particles' morphological manipulation by pulsed laser irradiation. The experiments are performed irradiating with only one nanosecond pulse at 355 nm, triangular nanoprism arrays fabricated by nanosphere lithography (polystyrene spheres with 1030 nm in diameter), followed by film deposition by magnetron sputtering. The reshaping of the nanoprisms into spheres as result of laser-induced melting is investigated for three different materials: prisms made of Cr, Au and Au with a buffer layer made of Cr (Au/Cr). These elements are chosen because their interfacial interaction with the substrates (soda-lime glass and fused silica) is quite different. Our results show that single pulse irradiation at fluences above the metal melting threshold allows the formation of disorder spheres for the case of Au, but ordered spheres for the cases of Cr and Cr/Au. Therefore, the function of the buffer layer is to improve the adhesion between the prisms and the substrate, thus allowing their reshaping by laser-induced melting but preserving their position. The strong interaction between Cr and the substrate is also exploited for the nanostructuration of the substrate by the formation of ordered holes with sub-micrometer dimensions. These findings reboot laser postprocessing of ordered structures fabricated by nanosphere lithography exploit to explore new capacities of nanostructuration

Diagnóstico integral del perro con urolitiasis

http://www.remevet.com/pequenas_especies/revista/10020.00En conclusión el conocimiento de la composición mineral del urolito por medio de su análisis en un laboratorio de referencia y un diagnóstico integral del paciente, permiten comprender el mecanismo fisiopatológico y los factores que favorecieron la formación de los urolitos y así poder diseñar un protocolo terapéutico específico evitando la recurrencia a largo plazo de esta enfermedad.Ningun

Huastecos

Los huastecos se laman a sí mismos Teenek que quiere decir "los que viven en el campo con su idioma y su sangre, y comparten la idea". Los teenek de San Luis Potosí viven en la región de la Huasteca, al oriente del estado, localizada dentro de la cuenca del río Pánuco. La región de clima tropical y verde paisaje, hace años que enfrenta problemas de degradación del medio ambiente debido a la deforestación creciente de las serranías y la contaminación del agua. Esta región está distribuida en 18 municipios, once de ellos concentran 90% de los teenek, de los cuales sobresalen Aquismón, Tanlajás, Ciudad Valles, Huehuetlán, San Antonio, Tampamolón y San Vicente Tancuayalab y Tancanhuitz. A este último municipio pertenece la localidad de Tamaletón, y, de estos dos últimos poblados, proviene la muestra fotográfica de esta colección.IISUNA