Espacios fronterizos y escuelas

En este artículo se ponen a consideración reflexiones iniciales sobre un estudio descriptivo en escuelas en zona de frontera. Expondremos conceptualmente el sentido otorgado al término frontera, sus implicancias políticas y culturales, considerando las posibilidades que se entraman en el tránsito e intercambio fronterizo. La existencia de la educación pública, gratuita y obligatoria; la presencia de escuelas emplazadas en territorios de fronteras, en áreas remotas y con variables número de estudiantes y docentes, constituye una estrategia política del Estado para conservar/consolidar la nación, no obstante las prácticas cotidianas revelan cierta distancia con las disposiciones de la cultura hegemónica nacional expresada en las prescripciones curriculares. En este sentido nos aproximaremos a la idea de configuración cultural mediante las características que se revelan en escuelas primarias emplazadas en la zona de frontera Argentino- Boliviana.Fil: Sanchez, Lorena Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Conicet - Rosario. Instituto Rosario de Investigaciones En Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina

Institutional experiences on diversity. For students of Primary Education Teachers in Salta Province, Argentina

En las últimas décadas Argentina ha considerado central a las políticas educativas, la educación en general y la formación docente en particular son objeto de constantes debates, evaluaciones y modificaciones tendientes a la mejora. Entre otros avances y conquistas significativas se destaca la inclusión de colectivos sociales históricamente excluidos de la educación superior. En formación docente la atención a la diversidad cultural se instala como un nuevo paradigma rompiendo una histórica tradición que tendió a la homogenización cultural. De acuerdo a las últimas legislaciones todas las modalidades y carreras de profesorados tienen el desafío de atender y formar en y para el respeto por la diversidad cultural. Con la intención de conocer el sentido que estas orientaciones toman en contextos específicos, en este caso en Salta, provincia del norte de Argentina, se indagó sobre las particularidades que asume la formación docente frente a la diversidad cultural en contextos urbanos. Desde un enfoque cualitativo, y con la participación de estudiantes avanzados se reconocen las características que asume el tratamiento de la diversidad desde sus propias experiencias formativas en el profesorado. En este artículo se recuperan los resultados de la aplicación de un cuestionario a cincuenta y dos participantes. Así mismo se problematizan los componentes que conformaron estas construcciones subjetivas acerca de las funciones y rol de la formación docente según los lineamientos pasados y presentes de la política educativa.In recent decades Argentina has considered core educational policies, education in general and teacher training in particular are the subject of ongoing discussions, evaluations and modifications aimed at improvement. Among other advances and significant gains inclusion of historically excluded social groups higher education stands out. In teacher training attention to cultural diversity it is installed as a new paradigm breaking a historical tradition that tended to cultural homogenization. According to the latest legislation all types and races professorships are challenged to meet and train and respect for cultural diversity. With the intention of knowing the sense that these guidelines take in specific contexts, in this case in Salta province in northern Argentina, was asked about the special features of teacher education to cultural diversity in urban contexts. From a qualitative approach, involving advanced students the characteristics that the treatment of diversity from their own formative experiences in the faculty are recognized. This article presents the results of a questionnaire to fifty two participants recover. Also the components that made these subjective constructions on the functions and role of teacher education as past and present educational policy guidelines are problematize.Fil: Sanchez, Lorena Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Humanidades. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades; Argentin

Rural teaching practices in globalization contexts

El desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías rompe las fronteras de lo urbano y llegan a los contextos rurales en diferentes formas, generando nuevas visiones, expectativas y desafíos a los sujetos. La escuela rural no queda ajena a estos fenómenos sociales don-de la transgresión de la tecnología enfrenta a los docentes a situaciones para las cuales no siempre han sido formados. Alumnos con nuevas expectativas y exigencias al rol docente, derivadas de nuevas formas de socialización, donde el uso de celulares, redes sociales y los programas de televisión parecen entrar en la escuela generando en el docente la sensación de un “espacio invadido”. El siguiente artículo presenta resultados parciales de una investigación aun en curso que se desarrolla en escuelas rurales de la provincia de Salta, e indaga acerca de los contextos de aprendizaje y el impacto de las nuevas tecnologías en las prácticas docentes en escuelas primarias. Para este trabajo enunciamos en particular las formas en que impactan estas exigencias, desde lo emocional y lo profesional en el trabajo diario de los docentes. Nuestro abordaje de tipo cualitativo busca describir las características de las prácticas docentes, para comprender los nudos problemáticos que irrumpen en sus espacios instituidos, abriendo intersticios para nuevas indagaciones y reflexiones de las prácticas en contextos rurales.O desenvolvimento das novas tecnologias quebra as fronteiras do urbano e alcança os contextos rurais de diferentes maneiras, produzindo novas visões, expetativas e desafios aos sujeitos. A escola rural não fica alheia a estes fenómenos sociais em que a irrupção da tecnologia coloca aos docentes situações para as quais nem sempre foram formados. Os alunos apresentam novas expetativas e exigências relativamente ao papel docente, derivadas de novas formas de socialização onde o uso de telemóveis, redes sociais e programas de televisão parece entrar na escola gerando no docente a sensação de “espaço invadido”. O presente artigo apresenta resultados parciais de uma investigação ainda em curso que se está desenvolvendo em escolas rurais da província de Salta e levanta questões a respeito dos docentes em escolas primárias. Neste trabalho identificamos em particular os impactos destas exigências, a partir das dimensões emocionais e profissionais do trabalho diário dos docentes. A nossa abordagem, de tipo qualitativo, procura descrever as características das práticas docentes a fim de compreender os nós problemáticos que emergem nos seus espaços instituídos, abrindo interstícios para novas indagações e reflexões das práticas em contextos rurais.The development of new technology breaks the boundaries of the urban and reaches rural contexts in different ways, creating new visions, expectations and challenges to the subjects. The rural school does not remain outside these social phenomena where teachers face the challenge of technology in situations for which they have not been trained. Students with new expectations and demands on the teacher’s role, arising from new forms of socialization, where the use of cell phones, social networks and television programs seem to enter school creating in the teacher the feeling of an “invaded.space “. This paper presents partial results ofa research still in progress taking place in rural schools in the Province of Salta, and inquire about learning situations and the impact of new technologies on teaching practices in primary schools. For this work we state in particular the ways in which these requirements impact from the emotional and professional in the daily work of teachers. Our approach, that is qualitative, seeks to describe the features of teaching practices, to understand the problems at appear in their own areas, opening gaps for further research and reflection on the practices in rural contexts.Fil: Sanchez, Lorena Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Rosario. Instituto Rosario de Investigaciones En Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Humanidades. Centro de Inv. Sociales y Educativas del Norte Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Jorge Navarro, Marcelo Gaston. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Rosario. Instituto Rosario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Humanidades. Centro de Inv. Sociales y Educativas del Norte Argentino; Argentin

Inclusion Policies in Teacher Training: Students at Training Institutes Cultural Courses

El aumento progresivo de políticas de inclusión, desplegadas por los sistemas educativos nacionales en las últimas décadas, contemplaron principalmente a los niveles elementales de educación buscando elevar los índices de retención y permanencia. La trayectoria ideal de los alumnos, podía medirse en términos de inicio y culminación de cada nivel; paulatinamente el diseño y desarrollo de acciones para el nivel superior siguieron esta lógica. La inclusión se transformó en un concepto, que intentó mejorar aspectos de la calidad, promoviendo la retención y la permanencia. Actualmente inclusión y calidad exigen mirar también el tipo de experiencia que se ofrece a los alumnos, reconociendo nuevas formas de exclusión, aun estando en el sistema. Nuestro trabajo presenta un análisis de las políticas de inclusión en la formación docente, centrando la mirada en las trayectorias culturales de los sujetos, entendiendo que es un elemento fundamental para la comprensión del logro efectivo o no de las políticas de inclusión educativa. Este artículo se basa en datos obtenidos en el marco de investigaciones financiados por el INFoD y el Ministerio de Educación de la provincia de Salta para la investigación en Institutos de Formación Docente. La indagación recopila información de cinco instituciones de capital e interior de la provincia, a partir del análisis bibliográfico y documental, entrevistas en profundidad y aplicación de cuestionarios desde una lógica cuanti-cualitativa, con la finalidad de describir y problematizar la atención a las trayectorias culturales de los alumnos en los Institutos de Nivel SuperiorFil: Jorge Navarro, Marcelo Gaston. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Humanidades; ArgentinaFil: Sanchez, Lorena Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Humanidades; ArgentinaFil: Herrera, MarÍa Eugenia. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Humanidades; Argentin

“Costos por Procesos de Producción y su Incidencia en la Rentabilidad en la Avícola Imperial del Cantón La Maná Provincia de Cotopaxi Periodo 2020”

The production process has fundamental characteristics that allow understanding its origin and the different procedures that carry the economic resources for different companies, hence its importance to implement measures and have tools that allow organizations, specifically credit institutions, to detect any irregularities that put at risk at the time of the production process. Due to the aforementioned antecedents, it was considered feasible to implement a cost manual for production processes using the documentary, descriptive, explanatory methodology and the analytical, systematic, deductive methods. The field research was also used to collect information in the “Imperial” poultry facilities, the bibliographic research for the actual support of the theoretical information for its respective analysis, in accordance with the laws established with the regulatory entities on production. Through the diagnosis raised the current state of the poultry farm through interviews and surveys of employees and manager, it is determined that it does not have adequate control and procedures of the production processes, due to the absence of guidelines, which could lead to non-compliance of the accounting regulations, for which a manual was designed that included instructions for each process of raising chickens, mentioning each process and responsibilities they have for compliance, this manual will help companies dedicated to poultry production to keep an adequate control when producing chickens, this manual will directly benefit the directors, employees, partners and the population of La Maná canton.El presente trabajo de investigación es de gran importancia, puesto que se analiza la realidad de la producción de la avícola Imperial y su incidencia en las ventas. El proceso de producción tiene características fundamentales que permiten comprender su origen y los diferentes procedimientos que llevan los recursos económicos en las avícolas, para implementar medidas y contar con herramientas que permitan tener a las organizaciones un manejo adecuado, para alcanzar una ventaja de competitividad en las organizaciones depende en gran parte de su habilidad para operar de manera eficaz en dimensiones tales como coste, la calidad, la cantidad, la rapidez, la innovación y la flexibilidad, con el fin de adaptarse a las variaciones de la demanda del mercado. Por los antecedentes antes expuestos se consideró viable implementar un manual de costeo por procesos de producción empleando la metodología documental, descriptiva, explicativa y los métodos analíticos, sistemático, deductivo. También se utilizó la investigación de campo para recolectar información en las instalaciones de la Avícola Imperial, la investigación bibliográfica para el sustento real de la información teórica para su respectivo análisis, acorde con las leyes establecidas con los entes reguladores sobre la producción. A través del diagnóstico planteado el estado actual de la avícola mediante la entrevista y encuestas a los empleados y gerente se determina que no lleva un adecuado control y procedimientos de los procesos de producción, debido a la ausencia de directrices, lo cual podría llevar al incumplimiento de las normativas contables, por lo cual se diseñó un manual que incluye instrucciones de cada proceso de crianza de pollos, mencionando cada procesos y responsabilidades que tienen para el cumplimiento este manual ayudará a las empresas dedicadas a la producción avícola, les permitirá llevar un adecuado control al momento de producir pollos, este manual beneficiará de forma directa a los directivos, empleados, socios y la población del Cantón La Maná

La figura del progenitor afín y su obligación alimentaria

Fil: Cazzani, Graciela Elizabeth. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Sanchez, Lorena Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.SUMARIO: 1. Introducción.- 2. El progenitor afín. Concepto.- 3. Las cargas familiares del progenitor afín.- 4. Fuentes de la obligación alimentaria.- 5. Carácter de subsidiariedad.- 6. Límites temporales de la obligación alimentaria.- 7. El contenido de la cuota alimentaria.- 8. Conclusión.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionFil: Cazzani, Graciela Elizabeth. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Sanchez, Lorena Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Derech

Effect of Cymbopogon Citratus (DC.) Stapf., Plectra Thus Amboinicus (Lour.), Tilia Cordata (Mill.), Lippia Alba (Mill.) and Ocimun Bacilicum (L.), To Control Escherichia Coli in Broiler Chickens

[EN] This study was conducted at both field and laboratory at the College of Agricultural Sciences at the Technical University of Machala (Ecuador). The objective was to demonstrate the effect of the infusions of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf., Plectra thus amboinicus (Lour.), Tilia cordata (Mill.), in the drinking water of broiler chickens Cobb 500, as well as pure leaf extract of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.), Lippia alba (Mill.) and Ocimun bacilicum (L.), for the control of E. coli. In base of the results it can be concluded there is an effect on the inoculated E. coli when the infusions were offered to broiler chickens, and that the extracts used in this research were efficient at laboratory level to inhibit bacterial growth in a selective growth medium.Sanchez-Quinche, A.; Ávila Rivas, SD.; Hurtado Flores, LS.; Aguilar Gálvez, LF.; Vargas González, ON.; Zapata Saavedra, ML.; Guerrero López, AE.... (2016). Effect of Cymbopogon Citratus (DC.) Stapf., Plectra Thus Amboinicus (Lour.), Tilia Cordata (Mill.), Lippia Alba (Mill.) and Ocimun Bacilicum (L.), To Control Escherichia Coli in Broiler Chickens. American International Journal of Contemporary Research. 6(5):158-165. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/95424S1581656

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Phenotypic Characterization of EIF2AK4 Mutation Carriers in a Large Cohort of Patients Diagnosed Clinically With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease with an emerging genetic basis. Heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) are the commonest genetic cause of PAH, whereas biallelic mutations in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4 gene (EIF2AK4) are described in pulmonary veno-occlusive disease/pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis. Here, we determine the frequency of these mutations and define the genotype-phenotype characteristics in a large cohort of patients diagnosed clinically with PAH. METHODS: Whole-genome sequencing was performed on DNA from patients with idiopathic and heritable PAH and with pulmonary veno-occlusive disease/pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis recruited to the National Institute of Health Research BioResource-Rare Diseases study. Heterozygous variants in BMPR2 and biallelic EIF2AK4 variants with a minor allele frequency of <1:10 000 in control data sets and predicted to be deleterious (by combined annotation-dependent depletion, PolyPhen-2, and sorting intolerant from tolerant predictions) were identified as potentially causal. Phenotype data from the time of diagnosis were also captured. RESULTS: Eight hundred sixty-four patients with idiopathic or heritable PAH and 16 with pulmonary veno-occlusive disease/pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis were recruited. Mutations in BMPR2 were identified in 130 patients (14.8%). Biallelic mutations in EIF2AK4 were identified in 5 patients with a clinical diagnosis of pulmonary veno-occlusive disease/pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis. Furthermore, 9 patients with a clinical diagnosis of PAH carried biallelic EIF2AK4 mutations. These patients had a reduced transfer coefficient for carbon monoxide (Kco; 33% [interquartile range, 30%-35%] predicted) and younger age at diagnosis (29 years; interquartile range, 23-38 years) and more interlobular septal thickening and mediastinal lymphadenopathy on computed tomography of the chest compared with patients with PAH without EIF2AK4 mutations. However, radiological assessment alone could not accurately identify biallelic EIF2AK4 mutation carriers. Patients with PAH with biallelic EIF2AK4 mutations had a shorter survival. CONCLUSIONS: Biallelic EIF2AK4 mutations are found in patients classified clinically as having idiopathic and heritable PAH. These patients cannot be identified reliably by computed tomography, but a low Kco and a young age at diagnosis suggests the underlying molecular diagnosis. Genetic testing can identify these misclassified patients, allowing appropriate management and early referral for lung transplantation

Phenotypic Characterization of <i>EIF2AK4</i> Mutation Carriers in a Large Cohort of Patients Diagnosed Clinically With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease with an emerging genetic basis. Heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 ( BMPR2 ) are the commonest genetic cause of PAH, whereas biallelic mutations in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4 gene ( EIF2AK4 ) are described in pulmonary veno-occlusive disease/pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis. Here, we determine the frequency of these mutations and define the genotype-phenotype characteristics in a large cohort of patients diagnosed clinically with PAH. Methods: Whole-genome sequencing was performed on DNA from patients with idiopathic and heritable PAH and with pulmonary veno-occlusive disease/pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis recruited to the National Institute of Health Research BioResource–Rare Diseases study. Heterozygous variants in BMPR2 and biallelic EIF2AK4 variants with a minor allele frequency of &lt;1:10 000 in control data sets and predicted to be deleterious (by combined annotation-dependent depletion, PolyPhen-2, and sorting intolerant from tolerant predictions) were identified as potentially causal. Phenotype data from the time of diagnosis were also captured. Results: Eight hundred sixty-four patients with idiopathic or heritable PAH and 16 with pulmonary veno-occlusive disease/pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis were recruited. Mutations in BMPR2 were identified in 130 patients (14.8%). Biallelic mutations in EIF2AK4 were identified in 5 patients with a clinical diagnosis of pulmonary veno-occlusive disease/pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis. Furthermore, 9 patients with a clinical diagnosis of PAH carried biallelic EIF2AK4 mutations. These patients had a reduced transfer coefficient for carbon monoxide (K co ; 33% [interquartile range, 30%–35%] predicted) and younger age at diagnosis (29 years; interquartile range, 23–38 years) and more interlobular septal thickening and mediastinal lymphadenopathy on computed tomography of the chest compared with patients with PAH without EIF2AK4 mutations. However, radiological assessment alone could not accurately identify biallelic EIF2AK4 mutation carriers. Patients with PAH with biallelic EIF2AK4 mutations had a shorter survival. Conclusions: Biallelic EIF2AK4 mutations are found in patients classified clinically as having idiopathic and heritable PAH. These patients cannot be identified reliably by computed tomography, but a low K co and a young age at diagnosis suggests the underlying molecular diagnosis. Genetic testing can identify these misclassified patients, allowing appropriate management and early referral for lung transplantation. </jats:sec