117 research outputs found

    Solución analítica de un modelo matemático de liofilización basado en la ley de Darcy: aplicación a una torta con base de jugo naranja

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    [ES] Se dedujo una solución analítica para la dinámica de la humedad durante la liofilización basada en la ley de Darcy no ideal que resuelve la singularidad en el tiempo cero. La solución analítica debe complementarse con una solución numérica de las ecuaciones de Fourier mediante la transferencia de calor en las dos zonas de producto. El modelo se ajustó a la dinámica experimental de liofilización de un producto a base de naranja. La pseudo-permeabilidad de Darcy obtenida fue de K*=2.0X10¿12 m2.5 con un índice de desviación de la conducta ideal de n=0.5. Las ecuaciones propuestas, resueltas con la pseudo-permeabilidad de Darcy ajustada y el índice de desviación ideal, reprodujeron la dinámica de liofilización experimental del mismo producto a diferentes temperaturas.[EN] An analytical solution for moisture dynamic during freeze-drying based in non-ideal Darcy¿s law that resolves the singularity at zero time was deducted. The non-ideal Darcy¿s law is represented by a Darcy¿s pseudo permeability (K¿) and a deviation index (n). The analytical solution must be complemented with a numerical solution of Fourier¿s equations for heat transfer in the two product zones. The model was fitted to experimental freeze-drying dynamics of an orange juice-based cake. The Darcy¿s pseudo permeability obtained was K¿ ¿ 2.0X10¿12 m2.5 with an ideal deviation index of n ¿ 0.5. The proposed equations, solved with fitted Darcy pseudo permeability and ideal deviation index, reproduced other experimental freeze-drying dynamics of the same product at different temperatures.This work was supported by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT) [CVU No 469952]; Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad [AGL 2017-89251-R].Uscanga, MA.; Lopez-Sanchez, E.; Martínez-Navarrete, N.; García-Alvarado, MA.; Salgado-Cervantes, MA. (2021). Analytical solution of freeze-drying mathematical model based in Darcy's law: application to an orange juice-based cake. CyTA-Journal of Food. 19(1):265-272. https://doi.org/10.1080/19476337.2021.189219526527219

    Effect of killing method of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) beans on the aroma compounds evolution during controlled curing

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    [SPA] El proceso de transformación de vainilla verde a beneficiada consta de cuatro etapas: Marchitamiento, Sudado, Secado y Acondicionamiento. El objetivo del marchitamiento es provocar la muerte de la fase vegetativa del fruto con el propósito de que enzimas y sustratos entren en contacto y se inicie la formación de los compuestos aromáticos. En la actualidad esta etapa no ha sido muy estudiada y se desconoce su influencia sobre la calidad final de la vaina. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de los diferentes tipos de marchitamiento en la evolución de los principales compuestos aromáticos durante un beneficio controlado. Las vainas de vainilla fueron marchitadas por diferentes métodos: escaldado en agua (90-100° C, 10-20 s), horneado (60° C, 48 h) y congelación (N2 líquido, 1 min). Al final de esta etapa, las vainas fueron colocadas en cámaras controladas de temperatura y humedad relativa (HR): la primera semana a 40° C y 85 % HR, posteriormente a 40° C - 75 % HR hasta que alcanzaron humedades de 35 - 40 %. Las concentraciones de glucovainillina, vainillina, p-hidroxibenzaldehído, ácido vainillico y ácido p-hidroxibenzoico fueron cuantificadas por HPLC y el contenido de humedad fue analizado por pérdida de peso. Los resultados mostraron que las vainas marchitadas en condiciones extremas de temperatura (congelación e inmersión) obtuvieron mayores concentraciones de vainillina (4 % b.s.) debido probablemente a una mayor ruptura de la pared celular por lo tanto un mejor contacto enzima- sustrato. La conversión del precursor principal (glucovainillina) fue mayor en estos tratamientos. En relación a los demás compuestos aromáticos evaluados, las concentraciones obtenidas en todos los tratamientos fueron muy similares a las obtenidas en un beneficio tradicional A partir de estos resultados se concluye que una elección adecuada del tipo de marchitamiento es necesaria para maximizar la formación del compuesto principal: la vainillina. [ENG] The transformation of green vanilla pods to cured vanilla is carried out in four steps: killing, sweating, drying and conditioning. Killing objective is lead to vegetative death to meet in contact enzymes and substrates for aroma compounds formation. Actually, this curing step has not been well studied and its influence on final quality of cured vanilla beans is not well known. Therefore the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different killing methods of vanilla beans on the evolution of main aroma compounds during a controlled curing process. Vanilla pods were killed by: scalding (90-100 ºC, 10-20 s), baking (60 ºC, 48 h) and freezing (N2 liquid, 1 min). After killing, vanilla pods were placed one week at 40 ºC and 85 % of relative humidity (RH), then at 40 ºC and 75 % RH until to reach 35 – 40 % RH. Glucovanillin, vanillin, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid concentrations were determined by HPLC and humidity content was calculated by lost weigh. Results shown that greater vanillin concentrations (4 % dm) were obtained when extreme temperatures were used to kill vanilla pods, perhaps at this conditions cellular wall is more affected producing a better contact between enzyme and substrate. Conversion of main precursor (glucovanillin) was greater in these treatments. The concentrations of other aroma compounds, in all conditions, were similar to those obtained by traditional curing. From these results, it is evident that a good choice for killing method is necessary to maximize the vanillin production.Se agradece al CONACYT por haber financiado este proyecto (G35128-B) y ECOS (M03A02) y a la Agroindustria Gaya S.A. de C.V. por su aportación de materia prima para la realización de este estudio

    Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p–Pb collisions at

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    Forward-central two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

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    Two-particle angular correlations between trigger particles in the forward pseudorapidity range (2.5 2GeV/c. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B. V.Peer reviewe

    Event-shape engineering for inclusive spectra and elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV

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    Elliptic flow of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at forward rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

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    The elliptic flow, v(2), of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at forward rapidity (2.5 <y <4) is measured in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)= 2.76TeVwith the ALICE detector at the LHC. The scalar product, two- and four-particle Q cumulants and Lee-Yang zeros methods are used. The dependence of the v(2) of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays on the collision centrality, in the range 0-40%, and on transverse momentum, p(T), is studied in the interval 3 <p(T)<10 GeV/c. A positive v(2) is observed with the scalar product and two-particle Q cumulants in semi-central collisions (10-20% and 20-40% centrality classes) for the p(T) interval from 3 to about 5GeV/c with a significance larger than 3 sigma, based on the combination of statistical and systematic uncertainties. The v(2) magnitude tends to decrease towards more central collisions and with increasing pT. It becomes compatible with zero in the interval 6 <p(T)<10 GeV/c. The results are compared to models describing the interaction of heavy quarks and open heavy-flavour hadrons with the high-density medium formed in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

    Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at s=0.9 \sqrt {s} = 0.9 and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC

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    El liderazgo como factor de cambio en la empresa Grupo Gráfico Romo, S.A. DE C.V.

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    Tesis (Licenciatura en Ciencias de la Informática, Ingeniería Industrial y Licenciatura en Administración Industrial), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, UPIICSA, 2017, 1 archivo PDF, (116 páginas). tesis.ipn.m

    Where Brain, Body and World Collide

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    The production cross section of electrons from semileptonic decays of beauty hadrons was measured at mid-rapidity (|y| &lt; 0.8) in the transverse momentum range 1 &lt; pt &lt; 8 Gev/c with the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC in pp collisions at a center of mass energy sqrt{s} = 7 TeV using an integrated luminosity of 2.2 nb^{-1}. Electrons from beauty hadron decays were selected based on the displacement of the decay vertex from the collision vertex. A perturbative QCD calculation agrees with the measurement within uncertainties. The data were extrapolated to the full phase space to determine the total cross section for the production of beauty quark-antiquark pairs
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