Analyzing English Language Learning in Elementary Schools During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Insights

The Covid-19 pandemic has hit various parts of the world. Indonesia is one of the countries affected by COVID-19. A number of schools have been in Indonesia since COVID-19 implementing distance learning in the learning process. The purpose of writing this journal is to analyze the learning process carried out in elementary schools during the COVID-19 pandemic. This type of article is written using qualitative research using literature studies. Studies literature done in writing the article This covers analysis and also a review of related books, articles, journals, or other relevant sources that are continuous with the title. Elementary on the exposure of this journal it was concluded that in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is possible for the community to do activities usually, on moment pandemic of course there are restrictions in activities and activities can done in a manner online, and learning. At a number of school points, online learning has been implemented. On subjects Language English in level School Base can in implemented with utilize media learning to support learning activities. By using learning media, learning English will be more effective, and efficient

Analysis learning language English in Elementary School During Pandemic Covid-19

The Covid-19 pandemic has hit various parts of the world. Indonesia is one of the countries that affected plague virus Covid-19. On a number of school Which There is in Indonesia since Covid-19 implementing distance learning in the learning process. The purpose of writing this journal is to analyze the learning process carried out in elementary schools during the Covid-19 pandemic. This type of article is written using qualitative research using literature studies. Studies literature Which done in writing article This covers analysis And Also review related book, article, journal, or other relevant sources that are continuous with the title. Elementary on the exposure of this journal can it was concluded that in the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic, it is possible for the community to do activity as where usually. Will but, on moment pandemic This of course There is form restrictions in do activity And activity the Can done in a manner online, so also with learning. At a number of school points, online learning has been implemented. On subjects Language English in level School Base can in implement with utilise media learning to support learning activities. By using learning media, then learning English will more effective effective and efficient

Sistem Navigasi Wall Following Robot Krpai Divisi Berkaki Menggunakan Kontroler Pid

Kontes Robot Pemadam Api Indonesia (KRPAI) merupakan ajang kompetisi robotika nasional yang terdiri dari divisi Beroda dan divisi Berkaki. Pada Kontes Robot Pemadam Api Indonesia (KRPAI) divisi Berkaki, robot yang diperlombakan harus mampu bergerak menyusuri dinding arena perlombaan yang membentuk lorong dan ruangan untuk melakukan tugasnya memadamkan api dari sebuah lilin yang diletakkan pada salah satu ruang. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut maka dalam skripsi ini dirancanglah suatu Sistem Navigasi Wall Following Robot KRPAI Divisi Berkaki Menggunakan Kontroler PID.Kontroler PID bertujuan untuk memuluskan pergerakan robot saat menyusuri dinding arena perlombaan. Dari hasil pengujian menunjukkan dengan bantuan kontroler PID, robot wall follower telah mampu mengambil keputusan gerakan yang harus dilakukan dalam mengikuti sisi dinding arena. Penentuan hasil parameter kontroler PID ini didapatkan dengan menggunakan metode hand tuning. Hasil parameter kontroler PID yang dicapai dari penelitian ini diperoleh nilai Kp=4, Ki=2, dan Kd=0,05.Kata Kunci— navigasi wall following, kontroler PID, hand tuning, KRPAI

Using Remote Sensing and Detection of Early Season Invasives (DESI) to Analyze the Temporal Dynamics of Invasive Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum)

The invasion of exotic annual grasses during the last century has transformed plant habitats and communities worldwide. Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) is a winter annual grass that has invaded over 100 million acres of the western United States (Pellant and Hall, 1994. Pellant, 1996). Cheatgrass quickly utilizes available resources especially after a disturbance to the landscape. A major impact of invasion is the increased frequency in fires (D’Antonio and Vitousek, 1992). As cheatgrass is highly successful at invading open and disturbed landscapes at a rapid pace it increases the frequency and severity of fires in arid landscapes (Brooks, 2005). Cheatgrass’ prolific seed production and flammability allows it to competitively exclude native plant species (Seabloom et al., 2003). The successful life strategy of cheatgrass gives a unique spectral image reflectance that can allow the use of remote sensing platforms to track and locate invasions

Bird Strike Mitigation, Spring 2021

Bird Strike Migration Project for Sustainability Exchange, Washington University in St. Louis, Spring 202

Using Hotspot Analysis and Detection of Early Season Invasives (DESI) to analyze the temporal and spatial dynamics of invasive cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum).

The invasion of exotic annual grasses during the last century has transformed plant habitats and communities worldwide. Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) is a winter annual grass that has invaded over 100 million acres of the western United States (Pellant and Hall, 1994. Pellant, 1996). Cheatgrass quickly utilizes available resources especially after a disturbance to the landscape. A major impact of invasion is the increased frequency in fires (D’Antonio and Vitousek, 1992). As cheatgrass is highly successful at invading open and disturbed landscapes at a rapid pace it increases the frequency and severity of fires in arid landscapes (Brooks, 2005). Cheatgrass’ prolific seed production and flammability allows it to competitively exclude native plant species (Seabloom et al., 2003). The successful life strategy of cheatgrass gives a unique spectral image reflectance that can allow the use of remote sensing platforms to track and locate invasions

Migratory Typing: Ten Years Later

In this day and age, many developers work on large, untyped code repositories. Even if they are the creators of the code, they notice that they have to figure out the equivalent of method signatures every time they work on old code. This step is time consuming and error prone. Ten years ago, the two lead authors outlined a linguistic solution to this problem. Specifically they proposed the creation of typed twins for untyped programming languages so that developers could migrate scripts from the untyped world to a typed one in an incremental manner. Their programmatic paper also spelled out three guiding design principles concerning the acceptance of grown idioms, the soundness of mixed-typed programs, and the units of migration. This paper revisits this idea of a migratory type system as implemented for Racket. It explains how the design principles have been used to produce the Typed Racket twin and presents an assessment of the project\u27s status, highlighting successes and failures

Protected area surface extension in Madagascar: Do endemism and threatened species remain useful criteria for site selection ?

The ‘hotspot approach’ considers that endemism and threatened species are key factors in protected area designation. Three wetland and forest sites have been proposed to be included into Madagascar’s system of protected areas (SAPM – Système des Aires Protégées de Madagascar). These sites are Manambolomaty (14,701 ha) and Mandrozo (15,145 ha) in the west and Bemanevika (37,041 ha) in the north. Biodiversity inventories of these three sites recorded 243 endemic species comprised of 44 reptiles, 54 amphibians, 104 birds, 23 small mammals, 17 lemurs and one fish. Of these 243 species, 30 are threatened taxa comprising two Critically Endangered (CR), 11 Endangered (EN) and 17 Vulnerable (VU) species. The long term ecological viability of these sites has been shown by population stability of the two Critically Endangered flagship species, the Madagascar fish eagle (Haliaeetus vociferoides) in Manambolomaty and Mandrozo and the recently rediscovered Madagascar pochard (Aythya innotata) in Bemanevika. Other threatened species and high biological diversity also justifies their inclusion into Madagascar’s SAPM

Dietary Composition Modulates Brain Mass and Solubilizable ABeta Levels in a Mouse Model of Aggressive Alzheimer\u27s Amyloid Pathology

Objective: Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, an increased interest in the role diet plays in the pathology of AD has resulted in a focus on the detrimental effects of diets high in cholesterol and fat and the beneficial effects of caloric restriction. The current study examines how dietary composition modulates cerebral amyloidosis and neuronal integrity in the TgCRND8 mouse model of AD. Methods: From 4 wks until 18 wks of age, male and female TgCRND8 mice were maintained on one of four diets: (1) reference (regular) commercial chow; (2) high fat/low carbohydrate custom chow (60 kcal% fat/30 kcal% protein/10 kcal% carbohydrate); (3) high protein/low carbohydrate custom chow (60 kcal% protein/30 kcal% fat/10 kcal% carbohydrate); or (4) high carbohydrate/low fat custom chow (60 kcal% carbohydrate/30 kcal% protein/10 kcal% fat). At age 18 wks, mice were sacrificed, and brains studied for (a) wet weight; (b) solubilizable Aβ content by ELISA; (c) amyloid plaque burden; (d) stereologic analysis of selected hippocampal subregions. Results: Animals receiving a high fat diet showed increased brain levels of solubilizable Aβ, although we detected no effect on plaque burden. Unexpectedly, brains of mice fed a high protein/low carbohydrate diet were 5% lower in weight than brains from all other mice. In an effort to identify regions that might link loss of brain mass to cognitive function, we studied neuronal density and volume in hippocampal subregions. Neuronal density and volume in the hippocampal CA3 region of TgCRND8 mice tended to be lower in TgCRND8 mice receiving the high protein/low carbohydrate diet than in those receiving the regular chow. Neuronal density and volume were preserved in CA1 and in the dentate gyrus. Interpretation: Dissociation of Aβ changes from brain mass changes raises the possibility that diet plays a role not only in modulating amyloidosis but also in modulating neuronal vulnerability. However, in the absence of a study of the effects of a high protein/low carbohydrate diet on nontransgenic mice, one cannot be certain how much, if any, of the loss of brain mass exhibited by high protein/low carbohydrate diet-fed TgCRND8 mice was due to an interaction between cerebral amyloidosis and diet. Given the recent evidence that certain factors favor the maintenance of cognitive function in the face of substantial structural neuropathology, we propose that there might also exist factors that sensitize brain neurons to some forms of neurotoxicity, including, perhaps, amyloid neurotoxicity. Identification of these factors could help reconcile the poor clinicopathological correlation between cognitive status and structural neuropathology, including amyloid pathology

Acute dosing of latrepirdine (Dimebon), a possible Alzheimer therapeutic, elevates extracellular amyloid-beta levels in vitro and in vivo.

BACKGROUND: Recent reports suggest that latrepirdine (Dimebon, dimebolin), a retired Russian antihistamine, improves cognitive function in aged rodents and in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanism(s) underlying this benefit remain elusive. AD is characterized by extracellular accumulation of the amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide in the brain, and Abeta-lowering drugs are currently among the most popular anti-amyloid agents under development for the treatment of AD. In the current study, we assessed the effect of acute dosing of latrepirdine on levels of extracellular Abeta using in vitro and in vivo experimental systems. RESULTS: We evaluated extracellular levels of Abeta in three experimental systems, under basal conditions and after treatment with latrepirdine. Mouse N2a neuroblastoma cells overexpressing Swedish APP were incubated for 6 hr in the presence of either vehicle or vehicle + latrepirdine (500pM-5 muM). Synaptoneurosomes were isolated from TgCRND8 mutant APP-overexpressing transgenic mice and incubated for 0 to 10 min in the absence or presence of latrepirdine (1 muM or 10 muM). Drug-naïve Tg2576 Swedish mutant APP overexpressing transgenic mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of either vehicle or vehicle + latrepirdine (3.5 mg/kg). Picomolar to nanomolar concentrations of acutely administered latrepirdine increased the extracellular concentration of Abeta in the conditioned media from Swedish mutant APP-overexpressing N2a cells by up to 64% (p = 0.01), while a clinically relevant acute dose of latrepirdine administered i.p. led to an increase in the interstitial fluid of freely moving APP transgenic mice by up to 40% (p = 0.01). Reconstitution of membrane protein trafficking and processing is frequently inefficient, and, consistent with this interpretation, latrepirdine treatment of isolated TgCRND8 synaptoneurosomes involved higher concentrations of drug (1-10 muM) and led to more modest increases in extracellular Abeta(x-42 )levels (+10%; p = 0.001); of note, however, was the observation that extracellular Abeta(x-40 )levels did not change. CONCLUSIONS: Here, we report the surprising association of acute latrepirdine dosing with elevated levels of extracellular Abeta as measured in three independent neuron-related or neuron-derived systems, including the hippocampus of freely moving Tg2576 mice. Given the reported association of chronic latrepirdine treatment with improvement in cognitive function, the effects of chronic latrepirdine treatment on extracellular Abeta levels must now be determined.RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are