Application of Sudha Vargeeya Dravya in Raktapitta Chikitsa

The Shareera depends on Anna and other four factors namely Vata, Pitta, Kapha and Rakta, Rakta is considered as Mula of the Shareera, the external injury or internal injury or due to coagulation disorders there may be bleeding which may lead to morbidity or mortality. In Ayurveda these bleeding disorder is considered as Raktapitta, one of the Mahavega, Mahagada by the Charakacharya. Thus treatment of these bleeding disorder can be done through Sudha Vargeeya Dravya which are rich in Calcium components, in the form of calcium carbonate, calcium sulphate, calcium fluoride etc. Calcium as fourth clotting factor and as cofactor helps in coagulation of the blood. Thus Sudha Vargeeya Dravya by their Parthiva and Shairyata properties does the coagulation of blood and pacifies the Pitta and Rakta Dusthi. Many plant origin, animal origin and mineral origin have been mentioned in various texts of Ayurveda which can act as Calcium supplements and helps in Raktapitta Chikitsa

A review article on Kaphaja Shotha vis-à-vis Diabetic Nephropathy and its management

Modern medical science has eliminated the threat of death and disability from most infectious diseases through improved sanitation, vaccination and antibiotics. But death from lifestyle diseases is now a primary concern. Modern life advancement and dietary food habits result into number of pathologies which are hard to treat and sometimes become irreversible. One amongst them is Shotha (oedema). Shotha is a Tridoshajavyadhi. In Kaphajashotha, there is Pradhanata of Kapha Dosha and has peculiar symptoms like Pitting Oedema, oedema is more in the night time, and with Loss of taste etc. Considering the symptoms, we can study Kaphaja Shotha vis-a-vis Diabetic Nephropathy and its management through Ayurveda.  Ayurveda is known as “Science of longevity” because it offers a complete system to live a long healthy life

The Management of Primary Insomnia through Pancha Sugandha Sadhita Takra Dhara - A Pilot Study

Ayurveda essentially sees every disease as a psychosomatic manifestation and views the Mind and Body as two aspects of one unit. The three Stambha of Ayurveda are Vata, Pitta and Kapha which control all vital functions of body, to support these Tristambha there are three Upastambha namely Ahara, Nidra and Brahmacharya which increases the strength of Tristambhas. Ayurveda emphasizes mind and body achieves proper relaxation and rest through Nidra. Mainly Vata Vaigunyata is responsible for Anidra. Anidra can be clinically correlated with Insomnia. In modern medical science for the management of Insomnia includes administration of Antipsychotic and Sedatives, each of them is having its own limitations. On the other side, Ayurveda having a light of hope for this condition by correction of basic pathology particularly through Panchakarma, like external treatment in the form of Shirodhara which is one among the Murdhni Taila. In this present study 10 subjects with Primary Insomnia. Treatment given was Shirodhara with Panchasugandha Sadhita Takra Dhara for the duration of 14 days. The treatment had shown positive response by increasing duration of sleep and quality of sleep along with over well being in terms of quality of life

Role of Yogasana in Arsho Roga

A sound soul in a healthy body can achieve the over lasting and unabated peace and bliss, which is the ultimatum of each and every human being, so no gift surpass the gift of life. Arsha is the commonest anorectal condition seen in the practice of proctology. Recent statistics reveals that more than 60% of population suffers from this disease. This condition, even though seldom fatal, gives more trouble to the sufferer and poses greater difficulty for treatment. In modern Arshas can be correlated with hemorrhoids. Chronic constipation is a most common cause of hemorrhoids. Usually due to chronic constipation more pressure exerted on Haemorrhoidal veins as they have not contain any extra bony support hence it causes friction in the region which leads to varicosity of Haemorrhoidal veins which again due to chronic constipation yet strained and burst resulting in formation of haemorrhoidal mass. Bleeding per rectum, Pain, Constipation, Itching, Burning sensation are the characteristic features of Hemorrhoids. Yoga is a collection of body postures but total living an eternal source of scintillating health and happiness Yoga can help ease the pain and discomfort of digestive troubles like constipation. Yoga alleviates constipation. The way yoga benefits digestive system is through twisting poses, inversions, and forward folds. These poses massage to digestive organs, increase blood flow and oxygen delivery, aid the process of peristalsis, and encourage stools to move through digestive system. Doing yoga regularly can result in regular, healthy bowel movements with postures of different Yogasanas like Vajrasana, Halasana, Paschimottasana, Matsyasana, Sarvangasana, Bhujangasana

The new TAE - Alfvén Wave Active Excitation System at JET

After many years of successful operation, the JET saddle coil system will be dismantled during the 2004-2005 shutdown. A new antenna system has been designed and is being constructed to replace it and excite magneto-hydrodynamics modes in the Alfvén frequency range (10500kHz), keeping similar operational capabilities (IANT~30A, VANT~1kV, maximum power ~5kW). In addition to the constraints imposed by halo current and disruption-induced voltages and currents, the design must comply with the requirements of a remote handling installation. The physics basis, design principles and constraints will be presented along with the results of the coupling and engineering analysis, and a discussion of the possible extrapolation of such a system to ITER

Estimates of global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and mortality of HIV, 1980-2015 : the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Background Timely assessment of the burden of HIV/AIDS is essential for policy setting and programme evaluation. In this report from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 (GBD 2015), we provide national estimates of levels and trends of HIV/AIDS incidence, prevalence, coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and mortality for 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2015. Methods For countries without high-quality vital registration data, we estimated prevalence and incidence with data from antenatal care clinics and population-based seroprevalence surveys, and with assumptions by age and sex on initial CD4 distribution at infection, CD4 progression rates (probability of progression from higher to lower CD4 cell-count category), on and off antiretroviral therapy (ART) mortality, and mortality from all other causes. Our estimation strategy links the GBD 2015 assessment of all-cause mortality and estimation of incidence and prevalence so that for each draw from the uncertainty distribution all assumptions used in each step are internally consistent. We estimated incidence, prevalence, and death with GBD versions of the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) and Spectrum software originally developed by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). We used an open-source version of EPP and recoded Spectrum for speed, and used updated assumptions from systematic reviews of the literature and GBD demographic data. For countries with high-quality vital registration data, we developed the cohort incidence bias adjustment model to estimate HIV incidence and prevalence largely from the number of deaths caused by HIV recorded in cause-of-death statistics. We corrected these statistics for garbage coding and HIV misclassification. Findings Global HIV incidence reached its peak in 1997, at 3.3 million new infections (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3.1-3.4 million). Annual incidence has stayed relatively constant at about 2.6 million per year (range 2.5-2.8 million) since 2005, after a period of fast decline between 1997 and 2005. The number of people living with HIV/AIDS has been steadily increasing and reached 38.8 million (95% UI 37.6-40.4 million) in 2015. At the same time, HIV/AIDS mortality has been declining at a steady pace, from a peak of 1.8 million deaths (95% UI 1.7-1.9 million) in 2005, to 1.2 million deaths (1.1-1.3 million) in 2015. We recorded substantial heterogeneity in the levels and trends of HIV/AIDS across countries. Although many countries have experienced decreases in HIV/AIDS mortality and in annual new infections, other countries have had slowdowns or increases in rates of change in annual new infections. Interpretation Scale-up of ART and prevention of mother-to-child transmission has been one of the great successes of global health in the past two decades. However, in the past decade, progress in reducing new infections has been slow, development assistance for health devoted to HIV has stagnated, and resources for health in low-income countries have grown slowly. Achievement of the new ambitious goals for HIV enshrined in Sustainable Development Goal 3 and the 90-90-90 UNAIDS targets will be challenging, and will need continued efforts from governments and international agencies in the next 15 years to end AIDS by 2030. Copyright (C) The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY licensePeer reviewe

Global, regional, and national levels of maternal mortality, 1990-2015 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Background In transitioning from the Millennium Development Goal to the Sustainable Development Goal era, it is imperative to comprehensively assess progress toward reducing maternal mortality to identify areas of success, remaining challenges, and frame policy discussions. We aimed to quantify maternal mortality throughout the world by underlying cause and age from 1990 to 2015. Methods We estimated maternal mortality at the global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2015 for ages 10-54 years by systematically compiling and processing all available data sources from 186 of 195 countries and territories, 11 of which were analysed at the subnational level. We quantified eight underlying causes of maternal death and four timing categories, improving estimation methods since GBD 2013 for adult all-cause mortality, HIV-related maternal mortality, and late maternal death. Secondary analyses then allowed systematic examination of drivers of trends, including the relation between maternal mortality and coverage of specific reproductive health-care services as well as assessment of observed versus expected maternal mortality as a function of Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator derived from measures of income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Findings Only ten countries achieved MDG 5, but 122 of 195 countries have already met SDG 3.1. Geographical disparities widened between 1990 and 2015 and, in 2015, 24 countries still had a maternal mortality ratio greater than 400. The proportion of all maternal deaths occurring in the bottom two SDI quintiles, where haemorrhage is the dominant cause of maternal death, increased from roughly 68% in 1990 to more than 80% in 2015. The middle SDI quintile improved the most from 1990 to 2015, but also has the most complicated causal profile. Maternal mortality in the highest SDI quintile is mostly due to other direct maternal disorders, indirect maternal disorders, and abortion, ectopic pregnancy, and/or miscarriage. Historical patterns suggest achievement of SDG 3.1 will require 91% coverage of one antenatal care visit, 78% of four antenatal care visits, 81% of in-facility delivery, and 87% of skilled birth attendance. Interpretation Several challenges to improving reproductive health lie ahead in the SDG era. Countries should establish or renew systems for collection and timely dissemination of health data; expand coverage and improve quality of family planning services, including access to contraception and safe abortion to address high adolescent fertility; invest in improving health system capacity, including coverage of routine reproductive health care and of more advanced obstetric care-including EmOC; adapt health systems and data collection systems to monitor and reverse the increase in indirect, other direct, and late maternal deaths, especially in high SDI locations; and examine their own performance with respect to their SDI level, using that information to formulate strategies to improve performance and ensure optimum reproductive health of their population.Peer reviewe

A Versatile Access to Calystegine Analogues as Potential Glycosidases Inhibitors

An efficient metathetic strategy and nitrone chemistry have been suitably tethered to construct 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes as versatile precursors for the synthesis of several calystegine analogues. This synthetic strategy relies on the ability of mannose-derived nitrone to undergo a highly stereoselective nucleophilic addition of various Grignard reagents to access syn orientation of alkenes, which then smoothly undergo ring-closing metathesis (RCM) to provide this framework. These RCM products 18 and 20 have been successfully used as advance precursors to synthesize many calystegine analogues (27, 36, 38, 40, 43, and 44) either by syn-dihydroxylation or by hydrogenation and followed by global deprotection. Interestingly, both compounds 36 and 40 exhibited significant noncompetitive inhibition against alpha-mannosidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase

Elevated CO2 alleviates the negative impact of heat stress on wheat physiology but not on grain yield

Hot days are becoming hotter and more frequent, threatening wheat yields worldwide. Developing wheat varieties ready for future climates calls for improved understanding of how elevated CO2 (eCO2) and heat stress (HS) interactively impact wheat yields. We grew a modern, high-yielding wheat cultivar (Scout) at ambient CO2 (aCO2, 419 μl l -1) or eCO2 (654 μl l-1) in a glasshouse maintained at 22/15 °C (day/night). Half of the plants were exposed to HS (40/24 °C) for 5 d at anthesis. In non-HS plants, eCO2 enhanced (+36%) CO2 assimilation rates (Asat) measured at growth CO2 despite down-regulation of photosynthetic capacity. HS reduced Asat (-42%) in aCO2- but not in eCO2-grown plants because eCO2 protected photosynthesis by increasing ribulose bisphosphate regeneration capacity and reducing photochemical damage under HS. eCO2 stimulated biomass (+35%) of all plants and grain yield (+30%) of non-HS plants only. Plant biomass initially decreased following HS but recovered at maturity due to late tillering. HS equally reduced grain yield (-40%) in aCO2- and eCO2-grown plants due to grain abortion and reduced grain filling. While eCO2 mitigated the negative impacts of HS at anthesis on wheat photosynthesis and biomass, grain yield was reduced by HS in both CO2 treatments. © 2019 The Author(s)