Influence of Leadership To Satisfaction of Employee Affect to The Performance of Employee At Department of Management Market of Surakarta (Dinas Pengelolaan Pasar Pemkot Surakarta)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influences of leadership to satisfaction of employee at Department of Management Market of Surakarta, to analyze influence leadership to satisfaction of employee effect to the performance of employee at Department of Management Market of Surakarta, and to analyze the positive influences of leadership directly through the performance of employee at Department of Management Market of Surakarta (DINAS Pengelolaan Pasar PEMKOT Surakarta). Research conducted a descriptive study using a quantitative approach, by taking samples at Department of Management Market of Surakarta (DINAS Pengelolaan Pasar PEMKOT Surakarta), Central Java, Indonesia. The study population was all employees and staff of the Department of Management Market of Surakarta and samples taken by 50 employees. The technique of collecting data using questionnaires. The data analysis technique used is path analysis. The results obtained showed that: Leadership will influence on satisfaction of employee at Department of Management Market of Surakarta, satisfaction of employees affects the employee's performance of employees at Department of Management Market of Surakarta, and leadership influence on performance of employee indirectly through satisfaction of employees at Department of Management Market of Surakarta (DINAS Pengelolaan Pasar PEMKOT Surakarta)

Y chromosome microdeletions in infertile men with idiopathic oligo- or azoospermia

About 30–40% of male infertility is due to unknown reasons. Genetic contributions to the disruption of spermatogenesis are suggested and amongst the genetic factors studied, Y chromosome microdeletions represent the most common one. Screening for microdeletions in AZFa, b and c region of Y chromosome showed a big variation among different studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of such deletions in Saudi men. A total of 257 patients with idiopathic oligo- or azoospermia were screened for Y chromosome microdeletions by 19 markers in AZF region. Ten (3.9%) patients had chromosomal rearrangements, six of them showed sex chromosome abnormalities and four patients had apparently balanced autosomal rearrengements. Eight of the remaining 247 patients (3.2%) with a normal karyotype and no known causes of impaired spermatogenesis had Y chromosome microdeletions. Among these, six patients had deletions in AZFc region, one case had a deletion in AZFb and another had both AZFa and AZFc deletions. In conclusion, our study shows that Y chromosome microdeletions are low in our population. We also report for the first time a case with unique point deletions of AZFa and AZFc regions. The lower frequency of deletions in our study suggest that other genetic, epigenetic, nutritional and local factors may be responsible for idiopathic oligo- or azoospermia in the Saudi population

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

AIM: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery. METHODS: This was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin. RESULTS: Overall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P < 0.001). After adjustment, delay was not associated with a lower rate of complete resection (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.90-1.55, P = 0.224), which was consistent in elective patients only (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.69-1.27, P = 0.672). Longer delays were not associated with poorer outcomes. CONCLUSION: One in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Global burden of peripheral artery disease and its risk factors, 1990–2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

peripheral artery disease were modelled using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 database. Prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality estimates of peripheral artery disease were extracted from GBD 2019. Total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rate of peripheral artery disease attributed to modifiable risk factors were also assessed. Findings In 2019, the number of people aged 40 years and older with peripheral artery disease was 113 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 99·2–128·4), with a global prevalence of 1·52% (95% UI 1·33–1·72), of which 42·6% was in countries with low to middle Socio-demographic Index (SDI). The global prevalence of peripheral artery disease was higher in older people, (14·91% [12·41–17·87] in those aged 80–84 years), and was generally higher in females than in males. Globally, the total number of DALYs attributable to modifiable risk factors in 2019 accounted for 69·4% (64·2–74·3) of total peripheral artery disease DALYs. The prevalence of peripheral artery disease was highest in countries with high SDI and lowest in countries with low SDI, whereas DALY and mortality rates showed U-shaped curves, with the highest burden in the high and low SDI quintiles. Interpretation The total number of people with peripheral artery disease has increased globally from 1990 to 2019. Despite the lower prevalence of peripheral artery disease in males and low-income countries, these groups showed similar DALY rates to females and higher-income countries, highlighting disproportionate burden in these groups. Modifiable risk factors were responsible for around 70% of the global peripheral artery disease burden. Public measures could mitigate the burden of peripheral artery disease by modifying risk factors

Pyrolysis mass spectrometric analysis of styrene±isoprene± styrene copolymer

Abstract Thermal analysis of styrene±isoprene±styrene block copolymer, using the direct pyrolysis mass spectrometry (MS) technique, indicated that each block showed very similar thermal behavior with the corresponding homopolymer. The isoprene block was found to be thermally less stable, decomposing by random scissions followed by cyclization reactions. The more stable styrene block degraded by a radical depolymerization mechanism. With an indirect pyrolysis MS technique, it was found that production of benzene, toluene, 1-methyl cyclopentene and 1-methyl cyclohexene was more eective when degradation was carried out in a closed reactor.

Effects of experimental lead exposure and the therapeutic effect of defatted Moringa oleifera seed meal on serum electrolytes levels of Wistar rats

The study was conducted to evaluate changes in serum electrolytes concentrations following experimental lead acetate (Pb) exposure and the effects of treatment with defatted Moringa oleifera seed meal (DMOSM) in wistar rats. Eighty adult wistar rats divided into 5 groups of 16 per group were used for this study. Rats in group I received only distilled water, group II were administered Pb solution orally at 480 mg/kg body weight, group III were co-administered Pb and DMOSM orally at 480 mg/kg respectively, group IV were pre-administered Pb orally at 480 mg/kg for the first two weeks and then administered DMOSM orally at 480 mg/kg for the subsequent two weeks, group V received DMOSM orally at 480 mg/kg. Four rats were sacrificed weekly from each group and blood samples for serum electrolyte analysis were obtained. Phytochemical screening of DMOSM revealed the presence of alkaloids, reducing sugars, cardiac glycosides and saponins. A significant decrease (P &lt; 0.05) in the mean serum Ca2+ concentration in the rats in group III (1.52±0.17) was observed at week 3 compared to group IV (2.24±0.16). Mean serum concentration of PO4+ at week 1 in rats in group III (3.62±0.15) was significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) compared to group IV (2.89±0.18). Similarly, serum PO4+ level significantly rose at week 3 in group II (4.40±0.36) compared to rats in groups IV (2.61±0.11) and V (2.99±0.07) respectively. By week 4, the serum PO4+ concentration rose significantly in the rats in group III (5.47±0.11) compared to those in group I (3.27±0.24). Mean serum concentrations of sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl-), potassium (K+) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) were not significantly altered in all the test groups throughout the duration of the study. The result showed inability of DMOSM to mitigate Pb-induced alteration in serum Ca2+ and PO4+ levels in groups II and III.Keywords: Lead, Moringa oleifera, Phytochemical screening, Serum electrolytes, Wistar rat

Influences on Malaysian Pharmacy students’ career preferences

Objectives. To identify and evaluate factors affecting the career preferences of fourth-year bachelor of pharmacy (BPharm) students in Malaysia in the presence of a 4-year period of mandatory government service. Methods. A validated self-administered questionnaire was used in this cross-sectional study to collect data from final-year BPharm students enrolled at 3 government-funded universities and 1 private university in Malaysia. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results. Three hundred fourteen students responded (213 from public universities and 101 from the private university). Approximately 32% of public university students and 37% of private university students ranked their own interest in pharmacy as the reason for undertaking pharmacy degree studies; 40.4% of public and 19.8% of private university respondents stated that they would enter a nonpharmacy-related career upon graduation if given the choice. Public university students ranked hospital pharmacy as their choice of first career setting (4.39, p 5 0.001), while private students ranked community pharmacy first (4.1, p 5 0.002). On a scale of 1 to 5, salary received the highest mean score (3.9 and 4.0, p 5 0.854) as the extrinsic factor most influencing their career choice. Conclusions. Final-year students at Malaysian public universities were most interested in hospital pharmacy practice as their first career step upon graduation, while private university students were most interested in community pharmacy. The top 3 extrinsic factors rated as significant in selecting a career destination were salary, benefits, and geographical location