Modeling of distribution costs for maintenance of roads

Розглянуто математичну модель оптимізації розподілу інвестицій за типами автодорожніх робіт з урахуванням інтенсивності руху на автошляхахThe optimization mathematical model of the distribution of investments by type of road works including traffic on the roads is considere

Institutions for collaboration in industrial clusters: proposal of a per-formance and change management model

[EN] This paper proposes a performance and change management model for institutions for collaboration (IFCs) in industrial clusters to assist them while planning, conducting and evaluating joint actions. A three-stage implementation scheme and a self-assessment tool that helps an IFC determine its compliance with the proposed model are also introduced. The self-assessment tool was applied in three Brazilian IFCs from different clusters. It was found that the IFCs researched face major difficulties in designing and implementing performance measures to evaluate the results and impacts of joint actions. However, IFCs have been successful in identifying local infrastructure and devising informal strategic plans.Carpinetti, LCR.; Lima, RHP. (2013). Institutions for collaboration in industrial clusters: proposal of a per-formance and change management model. International Journal of Production Management and Engineering. 1(1):13-26. doi:10.4995/ijpme.2013.1502.SWORD132611Akao, Y. 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A silent cry for leadership : organizing for leading (in) clusters

Leadership research so far has neglected clusters as a particular context for leadership, while research on networks and clusters has hardly studied leadership issues. This paper fills this dual gap in the abundant research on leadership on the one hand and on networks/clusters on the other by investigating leadership in photonics clusters from a structuration perspective. Apart from giving an insight into the variety and patterns of leadership practices observed, the paper addresses the dilemma that regional innovation systems such as clusters usually have a critical need of some kind of leadership, but that neither individual nor organizational actors wish to be led. This dilemma can only be ‘managed’ by organizing for leading (in) clusters in a certain way

Institutions and the Diversity and Prevalence of Multinationals’ Knowledge-Augmenting Subsidiaries

Multinational corporations (MNCs) increasingly seek to gain access to, and exploit, locationally specific sources of advanced knowledge and technological capabilities, creating a need to explain (1) the diversity among these facilities and (2) how institutions influence MNCs’ abilities to invest in different subsidiary types. Extending debates on firms’ knowledge‐augmenting activities, the authors integrate institutions into their analytical framework to a greater extent than previous work has done. Moreover, existing contributions provide typologies of R&D subsidiaries. In contrast, the authors focus on a particular subset of subsidiaries, knowledge‐augmenting ones, and put forward a theory to explain their variety and their prevalence, enabling them to identify previously neglected subsidiary types that have important managerial and policy implications. By downplaying the diversity of these subsidiaries, existing work has not been able to capture the full range of managerial challenges as well as the costs and benefits of different subsidiary types to host countries. The authors, therefore, problematize firms’ abilities to gain access to foreign knowledge‐generating assets, highlight the importance of institutional environments, provide policy recommendations and identify areas for future research

Organizational innovation in the multinational enterprise: internalization theory and business history

This article engages in a methodological experiment by using historical evidence to challenge a common misperception about internalization theory. The theory has often been criticized for maintaining that it assumes a hierarchically organized MNE based on knowledge flowing from the home country. This is not an accurate description of how global firms operate in recent decades, but this article shows it has never been true historically. Using longitudinal data on individual firms from the nineteenth century onwards, it reveals evidence of how entrepreneurs and firms with multinational activity faced with market imperfections changed the design of their headquarters and their organizational structures