Electrification for Aero-Engines: A Case Study of Modularization in New Product Development

Modularization of hybrid-electric propulsion for commercial aircraft is becoming a reality in air transportation. The main intent of an electric architecture is to produce less carbon emissions and advance towards sustainability in the aeronautics industry. Due to regulatory and customer requirements for new technologies aimed at climate change and pollution, the integration of hybrid electric engine design become more challenging. Conceptual modular and integral product architectures are being compared with conventional and new constructions. A Design Structure Matrix (DSM) model is developed to analyze configuration of sub-component and their relationships through interaction between system elements. The DSM model includes product decomposition and cyclic task interdependencies to understand the extent of modularity in the product life cycle. The traditional turbofan engine architecture will be compared with hybrid electric propulsion engine architecture. The analysis indicates that the electric engine configuration constitutes a shift to a more distributed and less modular architecture. The DSM model reported a 19% increase in density of connectivity between components and 58% decrease in terms of structural complexity. The significance of these changes demonstrates that the more distributed architecture of the fully electric engine architecture requires less effort in system integration than the geared traditional turbofan architecture

Allometry coefficient variations of length-weight relationship of Scombridae family caught along the Tuticorin coast, Bay of Bengal

496-500The present study assesses length-weight relationship (LWR) of Auxis thazard, Auxis rochei, Euthynnus affinis, and Katsuwonus pelamis caught by gill net along the Tuticorin coastal area. The fitted regression model resulted (log-transformed) in slope values extending from 2.9 to 3.8. The logarithmic data exhibiting the exponent value b > 3 and b K. pelamis (b K. pelamis, which exhibited negative allometric growth. Findings in the present study conclude that LWR does not follow the cubic relationship. Furthermore, studies should be carried out for more fish species to enlighten biologists about the status and growth condition of the fishes in the natural waters

Vertebral column deformity in six species of wild fish at the Coromandel coast, Bay of Bengal India

This study reports radiological deformities in the vertebral column of six fishes viz, Scomberomorus commerson, Chanos chanos, Sillago sihama, Pampus chinensis, Rastrelliger kanagurta and Netuma thalassina that were collected from the Coromandel coast, Bay of Bengal. Four main different types of vertebral column deformities were found: (i) whole body kypho-lordo-kyphosis (Sillago sihama, Rastrelliger kanagurta, Netuma thalassina); (ii) tail region kypho-lordosis (Scomberomorus commerson); (iii) tail region lordo-kyphosis (Chanos chanos); (iv) platyspondyly (Pampus chinensis). Seven types of vertebra body deformities, describing the pathology of single vertebrae, were present; reduced intervertebral space, compression, fusion, compresion & fusion, fusion center, dorsal wedge-shaped and compressed & dorsal wed-shaped. The present documentation of deformities in six different species that are also very different with regard to habitat, diet and swimming activity may suggest that fish deformities are widespread in the study area.publishedVersio

Seagrass Metabolomics: A New Insight towards Marine Based Drug Discovery

Metabolomics is one of the new field of “Omics” approach and the youngest triad of system biology, which provides a broad prospective of how metabolic networks are controlled and indeed emerged as a complementary tool to functional genomics with well-established technologies for genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics. Though, metabolite profiling has been carried out for decades, owing to decisive mechanism of a molecule regulation, the importance of some metabolites in human regimen and their use as diagnostic markers is now being recognized. Plant metabolomics therefore aims to highlight the characterization of metabolite pool of a plant tissue in response to its environment. Seagrassses, a paraphyletic group of marine hydrophilous angiosperms which evolved three to four times from land plants back to the sea. Seagrasses share a number of analogous acquired metabolic adaptations owing to their convergent evolution, but their secondary metabolism varied among the four families that can be considered as true seagrasses. From a chemotaxonomic point of view, numerous specialized metabolites have often been studied in seagrasses. Hence, this chapter focus the metabolome of seagrasses in order to explore their bioactive properties and the recent advancements adopted in analytical technology platforms to study the non-targeted metabolomics of seagrasses using OMICS approach

Uptake of heavy metal Cd(II) from aqueous solutions using brown algae Sargassum myriocystum

The uptake of brown marine algae, Sargassum myriocystum has been utilized for the exclusion of Cd(II) metal from wastewater. Various parameters such as solution pH, optimum temperature, biomass concentration, the contact time and agitation speed have been analyzed for the effective biosorption of Cd(II). Desorption studies of Cd(II) have been performed with various desorbent such as H3PO4, HNO3, HCL, H2SO4, NaOH, NaCl, and H2O among which 0.1M/L HCl is found to be the better desorbing agent. SEM-EDX and FTIR analyses were utilized for metal-algal interaction study. The thermodynamic parameters such as free energy change (ΔG°), enthalpy change (∆Hº) and entropy change (∆Sº) have been calculated through the Van’t Hoff plot. A positive value of 14.72 ∆S Jmol-1K-1, a negative value of free energy (ΔG°) and 42.21 kJ/mol of ∆H kJmol-1 at all the temperatures indicated that the process is feasible and spontaneous. Hence, S. myriocystum is an effective and prosperous cost-effective biosorbent approach for Cd(II) from various industrial wastes due to its fast sorption rate, high selectivity and great uptake capacity

A silent cry for leadership : organizing for leading (in) clusters

Leadership research so far has neglected clusters as a particular context for leadership, while research on networks and clusters has hardly studied leadership issues. This paper fills this dual gap in the abundant research on leadership on the one hand and on networks/clusters on the other by investigating leadership in photonics clusters from a structuration perspective. Apart from giving an insight into the variety and patterns of leadership practices observed, the paper addresses the dilemma that regional innovation systems such as clusters usually have a critical need of some kind of leadership, but that neither individual nor organizational actors wish to be led. This dilemma can only be ‘managed’ by organizing for leading (in) clusters in a certain way

Case Report Development of Renal Failure without Proteinuria in a Patient with Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance: An Unusual Presentation of AL Kappa Amyloidosis

AL amyloidosis complicating monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) has usually a predominant glomerular deposition of lambda light chain. Heavy proteinuria is one of its cardinal manifestations. A 78-year-old man with a 9-year history of IgG kappa light-chain-MGUS and normal urine protein excretion developed severe renal failure. Serum levels of kappa light chain and serum IgG had been stable while proteinuria was absent throughout the nine-year period. For the first eight years, he had stable stage III chronic kidney disease attributed to bladder outlet obstruction secondary to prostatic malignancy. In the last year, he developed progressive serum creatinine elevation, without any increase in the serum or urine levels of paraproteins or any sign of malignancy. Renal ultrasound and furosemide renogram showed no evidence of urinary obstruction. Renal biopsy revealed AL amyloidosis, with reactivity exclusive for kappa light chains, affecting predominantly the vessels and the interstitium. Glomerular involvement was minimal. Melphalan and prednisone were initiated. However, renal function continues deteriorating. Deposition of AL kappa amyloidosis developing during the course of MGUS predominantly in the wall of the renal vessels and the renal interstitium, while the involvement of the glomeruli is minimal, leads to progressive renal failure and absence of proteinuria. Renal biopsy is required to detect both the presence and the sites of deposition of renal AL kappa light chain amyloidosis

Creating technological capabilities in Malaysia

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