Glossario de biotecnologia vegetal.

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Warming and CO2 Enhance Arctic Heterotrophic Microbial Activity

Ocean acidification and warming are two main consequences of climate change that can directly affect biological and ecosystem processes in marine habitats. The Arctic Ocean is the region of the world experiencing climate change at the steepest rate compared with other latitudes. Since marine planktonic microorganisms play a key role in the biogeochemical cycles in the ocean it is crucial to simultaneously evaluate the effect of warming and increasing CO2 on marine microbial communities. In 20 L experimental microcosms filled with water from a high-Arctic fjord (Svalbard), we examined changes in phototrophic and heterotrophic microbial abundances and processes [bacterial production (BP) and mortality], and viral activity (lytic and lysogenic) in relation to warming and elevated CO2. The summer microbial plankton community living at 1.4°C in situ temperature, was exposed to increased CO2 concentrations (135–2,318 μatm) in three controlled temperature treatments (1, 6, and 10°C) at the UNIS installations in Longyearbyen (Svalbard), in summer 2010. Results showed that chlorophyll a concentration decreased at increasing temperatures, while BP significantly increased with pCO2 at 6 and 10°C. Lytic viral production was not affected by changes in pCO2 and temperature, while lysogeny increased significantly at increasing levels of pCO2, especially at 10°C (R2 = 0.858, p = 0.02). Moreover, protistan grazing rates showed a positive interaction between pCO2 and temperature. The averaged percentage of bacteria grazed per day was higher (19.56 ± 2.77% d-1) than the averaged percentage of lysed bacteria by virus (7.18 ± 1.50% d-1) for all treatments. Furthermore, the relationship among microbial abundances and processes showed that BP was significantly related to phototrophic pico/nanoflagellate abundance in the 1°C and the 6°C treatments, and BP triggered viral activity, mainly lysogeny at 6 and 10°C, while bacterial mortality rates was significantly related to bacterial abundances at 6°C. Consequently, our experimental results suggested that future increases in water temperature and pCO2 in Arctic waters will produce a decrease of phytoplankton biomass, enhancement of BP and changes in the carbon fluxes within the microbial food web. All these heterotrophic processes will contribute to weakening the CO2 sink capacity of the Arctic plankton community.En prens

Palynological and chemical volatile components of tipically autumnal honeys of the western Mediterranean

[EN] Twenty-five samples of autumnal honeys from the western Mediterranean (Mallorca and Eivissa, Balearic Islands) were examined for pollen content (qualitative and quantitative melissopalynological analysis), moisture, electrical conductivity, colour, sensorial qualities and volatile components. Quantitative analysis showed that the honey contained Maurizio's Class II: 64%, Class III: 28%, Class IV: 4% and Class V: 4%. Fifty-four pollen types, with an average number of 16.68 per sample, were identified, belonging to 29 botanical families. Only two taxa (Ceratonia siliqua and Erica multiflora) were found in all samples. Seventeen samples were unifloral (68%) - ten (40%) of C. siliqua, six (24%) of E. multiflora and one (4%) of Hedera helix. All honeys have a low honeydew index (<?0.09%), while the values for electrical conductivity and water content were high. The major honey volatile components are: cis- and trans-linalool oxides (64.2%) and hotrienol (10.4%) for the carob (C. siliqua) and trans-linalool oxide (13.4%), p-menthane-1,8-diol (11.1%), safranal (9.7%), limonene (5,4%), -pinene (3.7%) and oxoisophorone (3.4%) for the winter heather (E. multiflora).The authors would like to extend their gratitude to the Mallorca Rural 'Leader plus' programme and the beekeepers of Mallorca and Eivissa for their support and friendly collaboration. The authors also thank an anonymous reviewer for useful comments and suggestions on an earlier version of the manuscript.Boi, M.; Llorens Molina, JA.; Cortés, L.; Lladó, G.; Llorens, L. (2013). Palynological and chemical volatile components of tipically autumnal honeys of the western Mediterranean. Grana. 52(2):93-105. doi:10.1080/00173134.2012.744774S93105522Andrade, P. B., Amaral, M. T., Isabel, P., Carvalho, J. C. M. F., Seabra, R. M., & Proença da Cunha, A. (1999). Physicochemical attributes and pollen spectrum of Portuguese heather honeys. Food Chemistry, 66(4), 503-510. doi:10.1016/s0308-8146(99)00100-4Anklam, E. (1998). A review of the analytical methods to determine the geographical and botanical origin of honey. Food Chemistry, 63(4), 549-562. doi:10.1016/s0308-8146(98)00057-0Bosch, J., Del Pino, F. G., Ramoneda, J., & Retana, J. (1996). FRUITING PHENOLOGY AND FRUIT SET OF CAROB, CERATONIA SILIQUA L. (CESALPINACEAE). Israel Journal of Plant Sciences, 44(4), 359-368. doi:10.1080/07929978.1996.10676657Bouseta, A., Collin, S., & Dufour, J.-P. (1992). Characteristic aroma profiles of unifloral honeys obtained with a dynamic headspace GC-MS system. Journal of Apicultural Research, 31(2), 96-109. doi:10.1080/00218839.1992.11101268Cajka, T., Hajslova, J., Pudil, F., & Riddellova, K. (2009). Traceability of honey origin based on volatiles pattern processing by artificial neural networks. Journal of Chromatography A, 1216(9), 1458-1462. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.066Castro-Vázquez, L., Díaz-Maroto, M. C., González-Viñas, M. A., & Pérez-Coello, M. S. (2009). Differentiation of monofloral citrus, rosemary, eucalyptus, lavender, thyme and heather honeys based on volatile composition and sensory descriptive analysis. Food Chemistry, 112(4), 1022-1030. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.06.036Conti, M. E., Stripeikis, J., Campanella, L., Cucina, D., & Tudino, M. B. (2007). Characterization of Italian honeys (Marche Region) on the basis of their mineral content and some typical quality parameters. Chemistry Central Journal, 1(1). doi:10.1186/1752-153x-1-14Custódio, L., Serra, H., Nogueira, J. M. F., Gonçalves, S., & Romano, A. (2006). Analysis of the Volatiles Emitted by Whole Flowers and Isolated Flower Organs of the Carob Tree Using HS-SPME-GC/MS. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 32(5), 929-942. doi:10.1007/s10886-006-9044-9Cuevas-Glory, L., Ortiz-Vázquez, E., Pino, J. A., & Sauri-Duch, E. (2012). Floral classification of Yucatan Peninsula honeys by PCA & HS-SPME/GC-MS of volatile compounds. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 47(7), 1378-1383. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.02983.xDe Bolòs, O., & Molinier, R. (1984). Vegetation of the Pityusic Islands. Biogeography and Ecology of the Pityusic Islands, 185-221. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-6539-3_9De Maria, C. A. B., & Moreira, R. F. A. (2003). Compostos voláteis em méis florais. Química Nova, 26(1), 90-96. doi:10.1590/s0100-40422003000100016Guyot, C., Scheirman, V., & Collin, S. (1999). Floral origin markers of heather honeys: Calluna vulgaris and Erica arborea. Food Chemistry, 64(1), 3-11. doi:10.1016/s0308-8146(98)00122-8Herrera, J. (1988). Pollination Relationships in Southern Spanish Mediterranean Shrublands. The Journal of Ecology, 76(1), 274. doi:10.2307/2260469Jerković, I., & Marijanović, Z. (2010). Volatile Composition Screening of Salix spp. Nectar Honey: Benzenecarboxylic Acids, Norisoprenoids, Terpenes, and Others. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 7(9), 2309-2325. doi:10.1002/cbdv.201000021Jones, G. D., & Bryant, Jr, V. M. (2004). The use of ETOH for the dilution of honey. Grana, 43(3), 174-182. doi:10.1080/00173130410019497Kummerow, J. (1983). Comparative Phenology of Mediterranean-Type Plant Communities. Ecological Studies, 300-317. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-68935-2_17La‐Serna Ramos, I. E., & GÓmez Ferreras, C. (2006). Pollen and sensorial characterization of different honeys from El Hierro (Canary Islands). Grana, 45(2), 146-159. doi:10.1080/00173130600578658Del Carmen Llasat, M., Ramis, C., & Barrantes, J. (1996). The meteorology of high‐intensity rainfall events over the west Mediterranean region. Remote Sensing Reviews, 14(1-3), 51-90. doi:10.1080/02757259609532313Louveaux, J., Maurizio, A., & Vorwohl, G. (1978). Methods of Melissopalynology. Bee World, 59(4), 139-157. doi:10.1080/0005772x.1978.11097714Martins, R. C., Lopes, V. V., Valentão, P., Carvalho, J. C. M. F., Isabel, P., Amaral, M. T., … Silva, B. M. (2008). Relevant principal component analysis applied to the characterisation of Portuguese heather honey. Natural Product Research, 22(17), 1560-1582. doi:10.1080/14786410701825004Melliou, E., & Chinou, I. (2011). Chemical constituents of selected unifloral Greek bee-honeys with antimicrobial activity. Food Chemistry, 129(2), 284-290. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.04.047Pendleton, M. (2006). Descriptions of melissopalynological methods involving centrifugation should include data for calculating Relative Centrifugal Force (RCF) or should express data in units of RCF or gravities (g). Grana, 45(1), 71-72. doi:10.1080/00173130500520479Pérez, R. A., Sánchez-Brunete, C., Calvo, R. M., & Tadeo, J. L. (2002). Analysis of Volatiles from Spanish Honeys by Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography−Mass Spectrometry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(9), 2633-2637. doi:10.1021/jf011551rPersano Oddo, L., Piana, L., Bogdanov, S., Bentabol, A., Gotsiou, P., Kerkvliet, J., … von der Ohe, K. (2004). Botanical species giving unifloral honey in Europe. Apidologie, 35(Suppl. 1), S82-S93. doi:10.1051/apido:2004045Persano Oddo, L., & Piro, R. (2004). Main European unifloral honeys: descriptive sheets. Apidologie, 35(Suppl. 1), S38-S81. doi:10.1051/apido:2004049Piana, M. L., Persano Oddo, L., Bentabol, A., Bruneau, E., Bogdanov, S., & Guyot Declerck, C. (2004). Sensory analysis applied to honey: state of the art. Apidologie, 35(Suppl. 1), S26-S37. doi:10.1051/apido:2004048Piasenzotto, L., Gracco, L., & Conte, L. (2003). Solid phase microextraction (SPME) applied to honey quality control. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 83(10), 1037-1044. doi:10.1002/jsfa.1502Radovic, B. S., Careri, M., Mangia, A., Musci, M., Gerboles, M., & Anklam, E. (2001). Contribution of dynamic headspace GC–MS analysis of aroma compounds to authenticity testing of honey. Food Chemistry, 72(4), 511-520. doi:10.1016/s0308-8146(00)00263-6RAMÓN-LACA, L., & MABBERLEY, D. J. (2004). The ecological status of the carob-tree (Ceratonia siliqua, Leguminosae) in the Mediterranean. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 144(4), 431-436. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2003.00254.xRetana, J., Ramoneda, J., Garcia Del Pino, F., & Bosch, J. (1994). Flowering phenology of carob,Ceratonia siliquaL. (Cesalpinaceae). Journal of Horticultural Science, 69(1), 97-103. doi:10.1080/14620316.1994.11515254Ricciardelli d’Albore, G. & Vorwohl, G. (1979). Mieles monoflorales en el Mediterráneo documentado con ayuda del análisis microscópico de mieles. Actas de XXVII Congreso Internacional de Apicultura, Athens, Greece, 14–20 September 1979, 201–208.Pilar de Sá‐Otero, M., Armesto‐Baztan, S., & DÍaz‐Losada, E. (2006). A study of variation in the pollen spectra of honeys sampled from the Baixa Limia‐Serra do Xurés Nature Reserve in north‐west Spain. Grana, 45(2), 137-145. doi:10.1080/00173130600708537Seijo, M. C., Jato, M. V., Aira, M. J., & Iglesias, I. (1997). Unifloral honeys of Galicia (north-west Spain). Journal of Apicultural Research, 36(3-4), 133-140. doi:10.1080/00218839.1997.11100939Terrab, A., Diez, M. J., & Heredia, F. J. (2003). Palynological, physico-chemical and colour characterization of Moroccan honeys: III. Other unifloral honey types. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 38(4), 395-402. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2621.2003.00713.xTERRAB, A., PONTES, A., HEREDIA, F. J., & DÍEZ, M. J. (2004). A preliminary palynological characterization of Spanish thyme honeys. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 146(3), 323-330. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00335.xTerrab, A., Valdés, B., & Josefa Díez, M. (2003). Pollen analysis of honeys from the Mamora forest region (NW Morocco). Grana, 42(1), 47-54. doi:10.1080/00173130310008580Thompson, J. D. (2005). Plant Evolution in the Mediterranean. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198515340.001.0001Von Der Ohe, W., Persano Oddo, L., Piana, M. L., Morlot, M., & Martin, P. (2004). Harmonized methods of melissopalynology. Apidologie, 35(Suppl. 1), S18-S25. doi:10.1051/apido:2004050VORWOHL, G. (1964). DIE BEZIEHUNGEN ZWISCHEN DER ELEKTRISCHEN LEITFÄHIGKEIT DER HONIGE UND IHRER TRACHTMÄSSIGEN HERKUNFT. Annales de l’Abeille, 7(4), 301-309. doi:10.1051/apido:19640403Vorwohl, G. (1967). The microscopic analysis of honey, a comparison of its methods with those of the other branches of palynology. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 3(1-4), 287-290. doi:10.1016/0034-6667(67)90061-

Search for a massive resonance decaying into a Higgs boson and a W or Z boson in hadronic final states in proton-proton collisions at root s=8 TeV

Peer reviewe

Mediocremonas mediterraneus, a New Member within the Developea

8 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, supporting Information https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12825.-- This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Bradley A. Weiler, Elisabet L. Sà, Michael E. Sieracki, Ramon Massana, Javier del Campo. Mediocremonas mediterraneus, a New Member within the Developea. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 68(1): e12825 (2021), which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12825. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived VersionsThe stramenopiles are a large and diverse group of eukaryotes that possess various lifestyles required to thrive in a broad array of environments. The stramenopiles branch with the alveolates, rhizarians, and telonemids, forming the supergroup TSAR. Here, we present a new genus and species of aquatic nanoflagellated stramenopile: Mediocremonas mediterraneus, a free‐swimming heterotrophic predator. M. mediterraneus cell bodies measure between 2.0–4.0 μm in length and 1.2–3.7 μm in width, possessing two flagella and an oval body morphology. The growth and grazing rate of M. mediterraneus in batch cultures ranges from 0.68 to 1.83 d−1 and 1.99 to 5.38 bacteria/h, respectively. M. mediterraneus was found to be 93.9% phylogenetically similar with Developayella elegans and 94.7% with Develorapax marinus, two members within the class Developea. The phylogenetic position of the Developea and the ability of M. mediterraneus to remain in culture make it a good candidate for further genomic studies that could help us to better understand phagotrophy in marine systems as well as the transition from heterotrophy to phototrophy within the stramenopilesThis work was supported by two grants from the Spanish government, FLAME (CGL2010‐16304, MICINN) and ALLFLAGS (CTM2016‐75083‐R, MINECO), and by the National Science Foundation Award DEB‐1031049 to MES. BW was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Postgraduate Scholarships‐Doctoral Program (NSERC PGS‐D). BW and JdC were supported by start‐up funds from the University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric SciencesWith the funding support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S), of the Spanish Research Agency (AEI)Peer reviewe

Mediocremonas mediterraneus

8 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, supporting Information https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12825.-- This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Bradley A. Weiler, Elisabet L. Sà, Michael E. Sieracki, Ramon Massana, Javier del Campo. Mediocremonas mediterraneus, a New Member within the Developea. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 68(1): e12825 (2021), which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12825. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived VersionsThe stramenopiles are a large and diverse group of eukaryotes that possess various lifestyles required to thrive in a broad array of environments. The stramenopiles branch with the alveolates, rhizarians, and telonemids, forming the supergroup TSAR. Here, we present a new genus and species of aquatic nanoflagellated stramenopile: Mediocremonas mediterraneus, a free‐swimming heterotrophic predator. M. mediterraneus cell bodies measure between 2.0–4.0 μm in length and 1.2–3.7 μm in width, possessing two flagella and an oval body morphology. The growth and grazing rate of M. mediterraneus in batch cultures ranges from 0.68 to 1.83 d−1 and 1.99 to 5.38 bacteria/h, respectively. M. mediterraneus was found to be 93.9% phylogenetically similar with Developayella elegans and 94.7% with Develorapax marinus, two members within the class Developea. The phylogenetic position of the Developea and the ability of M. mediterraneus to remain in culture make it a good candidate for further genomic studies that could help us to better understand phagotrophy in marine systems as well as the transition from heterotrophy to phototrophy within the stramenopilesThis work was supported by two grants from the Spanish government, FLAME (CGL2010‐16304, MICINN) and ALLFLAGS (CTM2016‐75083‐R, MINECO), and by the National Science Foundation Award DEB‐1031049 to MES. BW was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Postgraduate Scholarships‐Doctoral Program (NSERC PGS‐D). BW and JdC were supported by start‐up funds from the University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric SciencesWith the funding support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S), of the Spanish Research Agency (AEI)Peer reviewe

Single-cell transcription analysis of Plasmodium vivax blood-stage parasites identifies stage- and species-specific profiles of expression.

Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum, the parasites responsible for most human malaria worldwide, exhibit striking biological differences, which have important clinical consequences. Unfortunately, P. vivax, unlike P. falciparum, cannot be cultivated continuously in vitro, which limits our understanding of its biology and, consequently, our ability to effectively control vivax malaria. Here, we describe single-cell gene expression profiles of 9,215 P. vivax parasites from bloodstream infections of Aotus and Saimiri monkeys. Our results show that transcription of most P. vivax genes occurs during short periods of the intraerythrocytic cycle and that this pattern of gene expression is conserved in other Plasmodium species. However, we also identify a strikingly high proportion of species-specific transcripts in late schizonts, possibly associated with the specificity of erythrocyte invasion. Our findings provide new and robust markers of blood-stage parasites, including some that are specific to the elusive P. vivax male gametocytes, and will be useful for analyzing gene expression data from laboratory and field samples

Could experimental warming and acidification produce changes in the virus life cycle in the Arctic?

Aquatic Sciences Meeting, Aquatic Sciences: Global And Regional Perspectives - North Meets South, 22-27 February 2015, Granada, SpainOcean acidification and warming are two main consequences of climate change that can directly affect organismal and ecosystem processes in marine ecosystems. This is especially true in the Arctic Ocean where temperatures are increasing 2-3 times the global rate and inherent cold temperatures and recent ice cover loss increases its vulnerability to ocean acidification. We carried out a microcosm experiment with a plankton community collected from a high Arctic Fjord (Isfjorden, Svalbard Islands) to analyze how the interaction between acidification (changes in pH, by bubbling CO2) and warming (1°C, 6°C and 10°C) could affect bacterial, protists and viral processes as bacterial production (BP), bacterial mortality by protists and viruses, and lytic vs lysogenic (LysoVP) viral production. We obtained that a 48% and a 79% of BP variability is explained by pH at 6° C and at 10°C, respectively, while at 1ºC pH also explicated a 49% variability of the percentage of bacterial removed by protists. Furthermore, pH were responsible of 86% of LysoVP and 94% of the percentage of LysoVP variability, at 10°C. However no pattern for lytic viral production and lysed bacteria were observed with pH at different temperatures. Consequently, pH together with temperature contributes to modify BP, grazing by predators, and to introduce changes in the virus cycle infection promoting LysoVP at low pH and at high temperature. This experiment provides hints to how these altered microbial processes could intervene with the carbon cycle in the Arctic OceanPeer Reviewe

Airborne Prokaryote and Virus Abundance Over the Red Sea

Aeolian dust exerts a considerable influence on atmospheric and oceanic conditions negatively impacting human health, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions like Saudi Arabia. Aeolian dust is often characterized by its mineral and chemical composition; however, there is a microbiological component of natural aerosols that has received comparatively little attention. Moreover, the amount of materials suspended in the atmosphere is highly variable from day to day. Thus, understanding the variability of atmospheric dust loads and suspended microbes throughout the year is essential to clarify the possible effects of dust on the Red Sea ecosystem. Here, we present the first estimates of dust and microbial loads at a coastal site on the Red Sea over a 2-year period, supplemented with measurements from dust samples collected along the Red Sea basin in offshore waters. Weekly average dust loads from a coastal site on the Red Sea ranged from 4.6 to 646.11 μg m−3, while the abundance of airborne prokaryotic cells and viral-like particles (VLPs) ranged from 77,967 to 1,203,792 cells m−3 and from 69,615 to 3,104,758 particles m−3, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first estimates of airborne microbial abundance in this region. The elevated concentrations of resuspended dust particles and suspended microbes found in the air indicate that airborne microbes may potentially have a large impact on human health and on the Red Sea ecosystem