458 research outputs found
Risk Factors of Mortality in Severely-malnourished Children Hospitalized with Diarrhoea
This case-control study was conducted in the Dhaka Hospital of ICDDR,B to identify the risk factors of mortality in severely-malnourished children hospitalized with diarrhoea. One hundred and three severely-malnourished children (weight-for-age <60% of median of the National Center for Health Statistics standard) who died during hospitalization were compared with another 103 severely-malnourished children who survived. These children were aged less than three years and admitted to the hospital during 1997. On admission, characteristics of the fatal cases and non-fatal controls were comparable, except for age. The median age of the cases and controls were six and eight months respectively (p=0.05). Patients with low pulse rate or imperceptible pulse had three times the odds of death compared to the control group (p<0.01). The presence of clinical septicaemia and clinical severe anaemia had 11.7 and 4.2 times the odds of death respectively (p<0.01). Patients with leukocytosis (>15,000/cm3) had 2.5 times the odds of death (p<0.01). Using logistic regression, clinical septicaemia [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=8.8, confidence interval (CI) 3.7-21.1, p=0.01], hypothermia (AOR=3.5, CI 1.3-9.4, p<0.01), and bronchopneumonia (AOR=3.0, CI 1.2-7.3, p<0.01) were identified as the significant risk factors of mortality. Severely-malnourished children (n=129) with leukocytosis, imperceptible pulse, pneumonia, septicaemia, and hypothermia had a high risk of mortality. The identified risk factors can be used as a prognostic guide for patients with diarrhoea and severe malnutrition
Impact of Zinc Deficiency on Vibrio Cholerae Enterotoxin-stimulated Water and Electrolyte Transport in Animal Model
The effect of zinc deficiency on the function of the intestine to
absorb water and electrolytes was studied in animal models, stimulated
by Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin. Sprague-Dawley rats, used in the
study, were divided into four groups: Zinc-deficient, ad libitum
zinc-fed control, zinc weight-matched control, and zinc-deficient
acutely-repleted. 14C-labelled polyethylene glycol solution was used
for measuring the absorption capacity of the small intestine.
Significantly lower absorption of water and sodium per cm of the
intestine was observed in the zinc-deficient animals compared to the ad
libitum zinc-fed control animals (p<0.01). An improved absorption
capacity was equally observed in the zinc-deficient acutely-repleted
animals and ad libitum zinc-fed control group. The zinc-deficient
animals showed four times greater cholera toxin-induced net secretions
of water and sodium compared to the ad libitum zinc-fed group
(p<0.01), while a 40% reduction was observed in the zinc-deficient
acutely-repleted group. The results suggest that zinc deficiency is
associated with reduced absorption of water and electrolytes and
increased secretion of the same stimulated by cholera toxin
Risk Factors of Mortality in Severely-malnourished Children Hospitalized with Diarrhoea
This case-control study was conducted in the Dhaka Hospital of ICDDR,B
to identify the risk factors of mortality in severely-malnourished
children hospitalized with diarrhoea. One hundred and three
severelymalnourished children (weight-for-age <60% of median of the
National Center for Health Statistics standard) who died during
hospitalization were compared with another 103 severely-malnourished
children who survived. These children were aged less than three years
and admitted to the hospital during 1997. On admission, characteristics
of the fatal cases and non-fatal controls were comparable, except for
age. The median age of the cases and controls were six and eight months
respectively (p=0.05). Patients with low pulse rate or imperceptible
pulse had three times the odds of death compared to the control group
(p<0.01). The presence of clinical septicaemia and clinical severe
anaemia had 11.7 and 4.2 times the odds of death respectively
(p<0.01). Patients with leukocytosis (>15,000/cm3) had 2.5 times
the odds of death (p<0.01). Using logistic regression, clinical
septicaemia [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=8.8, confidence interval (CI)
3.7-21.1, p=0.01], hypothermia (AOR=3.5, CI 1.3-9.4, p<0.01), and
bronchopneumonia (AOR=3.0, CI 1.2-7.3, p<0.01) were identified as
the significant risk factors of mortality. Severely-malnourished
children (n=129) with leukocytosis, imperceptible pulse, pneumonia,
septicaemia, and hypothermia had a high risk of mortality. The
identified risk factors can be used as a prognostic guide for patients
with diarrhoea and severe malnutrition
Isomers from intrinsic excitations in Tl 200 and Pb 201,202
A six-quasiparticle isomer with T1/2 = 57(2) ns has been established in the doubly-odd isotope Tl200 and its level scheme is significantly extended. Half-lives of previously reported isomers in Tl200 and Pb201,202 have been determined and revised values are reported in a few cases, with T1/2 = 397(17) ns and 7.0(5) ns for the Iπ=5+ and 7- states in Tl200, 52(2) ns for the 41/2+ level in Pb201, and 93(4) ns for the 16+ state in Pb202. Configurations for the isomers have been assigned and these predominantly involve intrinsic excitations of neutrons from the i13/2 subshell. The inferred transition rates for the decay of these isomers compare well with single-particle estimates attesting to their intrinsic character
Metastable states from multinucleon excitations in Tl 202 and Pb 203
The excited level structures of Tl202 and Pb203, above the 7+ and 29/2- isomers, respectively, have been studied. An isomer with Iπ=20+ and T1/2=215(10)μs has been established in Tl202, and the level scheme extended from I=10 to 20ℏ with the placement of fifteen new transitions. In Pb203, the Iπ=37/2+ state is established to be metastable, with T1/2=2.5(3)ns. Levels in both nuclei arise from intrinsic excitations, with likely particle-hole character for the higher-lying states in Pb203. The 20+ isomer in Tl202 is most likely associated with a πh11/2-1 - ν(i13/2-2,f5/2-1) configuration, while the 37/2+ state in Pb203 results from the excitation of five neutrons. Calculations, using both an empirical approach and the oxbash code, have been performed to aid in the description of the excited level structure
Synthesis of advanced ceramics by hydrothermal crystallization and modified related methods
Search for the Chiral Magnetic Effect in Au+Au collisions at GeV with the STAR forward Event Plane Detectors
A decisive experimental test of the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME) is
considered one of the major scientific goals at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion
Collider (RHIC) towards understanding the nontrivial topological fluctuations
of the Quantum Chromodynamics vacuum. In heavy-ion collisions, the CME is
expected to result in a charge separation phenomenon across the reaction plane,
whose strength could be strongly energy dependent. The previous CME searches
have been focused on top RHIC energy collisions. In this Letter, we present a
low energy search for the CME in Au+Au collisions at
GeV. We measure elliptic flow scaled charge-dependent correlators relative to
the event planes that are defined at both mid-rapidity and at
forward rapidity . We compare the results based on the
directed flow plane () at forward rapidity and the elliptic flow plane
() at both central and forward rapidity. The CME scenario is expected
to result in a larger correlation relative to than to , while
a flow driven background scenario would lead to a consistent result for both
event planes[1,2]. In 10-50\% centrality, results using three different event
planes are found to be consistent within experimental uncertainties, suggesting
a flow driven background scenario dominating the measurement. We obtain an
upper limit on the deviation from a flow driven background scenario at the 95\%
confidence level. This work opens up a possible road map towards future CME
search with the high statistics data from the RHIC Beam Energy Scan Phase-II.Comment: main: 8 pages, 5 figures; supplementary material: 2 pages, 1 figur
ϒ production in p–Pb collisions at √sNN=8.16 TeV
ϒ production in p–Pb interactions is studied at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon–nucleon collision √sNN = 8.16 TeV with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. The measurement is performed reconstructing bottomonium resonances via their dimuon decay channel, in the centre-of-mass rapidity intervals 2.03 < ycms < 3.53 and −4.46 < ycms < −2.96, down to zero transverse momentum. In this work, results on the ϒ(1S) production cross section as a function of rapidity and transverse momentum are presented. The corresponding nuclear modification factor shows a suppression of the ϒ(1S) yields with respect to pp collisions, both at forward and backward rapidity. This suppression is stronger in the low transverse momentum region and shows no significant dependence on the centrality of the interactions. Furthermore, the ϒ(2S) nuclear modification factor is evaluated, suggesting a suppression similar to that of the ϒ(1S). A first measurement of the ϒ(3S) has also been performed. Finally, results are compared with previous ALICE measurements in p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV and with theoretical calculations.publishedVersio
(Anti-)deuteron production in pp collisions at 1as=13TeV
The study of (anti-)deuteron production in pp collisions has proven to be a powerful tool to investigate the formation mechanism of loosely bound states in high-energy hadronic collisions. In this paper the production of (anti-)deuterons is studied as a function of the charged particle multiplicity in inelastic pp collisions at s=13 TeV using the ALICE experiment. Thanks to the large number of accumulated minimum bias events, it has been possible to measure (anti-)deuteron production in pp collisions up to the same charged particle multiplicity (d Nch/ d \u3b7 3c 26) as measured in p\u2013Pb collisions at similar centre-of-mass energies. Within the uncertainties, the deuteron yield in pp collisions resembles the one in p\u2013Pb interactions, suggesting a common formation mechanism behind the production of light nuclei in hadronic interactions. In this context the measurements are compared with the expectations of coalescence and statistical hadronisation models (SHM)
Search for leptophobic Z ' bosons decaying into four-lepton final states in proton-proton collisions at root s=8 TeV
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