345 research outputs found

    Antibioterapia inhalada en paciente con bronquiectasias pulmonares e infección bronquial

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    Las bronquiectasias pulmonares no debidas a la fibrosis quística son la tercera causa de enfermedad respiratoria crónica. Requieren un manejo integral del paciente y de sus comorbilidades. En los últimos años ha habido importantes avances con respecto al manejo y tratamiento de estos pacientes, con este trabajo pretendemos actualizar nuestro conocimiento sobre este tema a propósito de un caso. El tratamiento antibiótico inhalado es una herramienta que debemos utilizar en los pacientes con bronquiectasias pulmonares no debidas a fibrosis quística, ya que mejoran la sintomatología y la calidad de vida de los pacientes y disminuyen el número de exacerbaciones y la mortalidad.Non cystic fibrosis bronquiectasis are the third cause of chronic respiratory illness. They require a comprehensive management of the patient and its comorbidities. In the last few years, important advances in the management and treatment of these patients have been done, with this work we intend to update our knowledge on this topic in relation to a case. Inhaled antibiotic treatment is a tool that should be used in patients with non cystic fibrosis bronquiectasis,as they improve the symptoms and life quality of this patients and decrease the number of exacerbations and mortality

    Anemia y gammapatía oligoclonal en paciente con síndrome nefrótico

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    Visceral leishmaniasis is the most severe form of presentation of Leishmania infection. It is a multisystemic disease that often affects immunosuppressed patients. We present a case of a 72-year-old woman in chronic immunosuppressive therapy with steroids and cyclosporine who debuts with weight loss, asthenia, atypical pneumonia, splenomegaly, and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia with the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis and amastigotes of Leishmania in the bone marrowLa leishmaniasis visceral es la forma de presentación más grave de la infección por Leishmania, se trata de una enfermedad multisistémica que afecta más frecuentemente a pacientes inmunodeprimidos. A continuación, presentamos un caso de una paciente de 72 años en tratamiento inmunosupresor crónico con corticoides y ciclosporina que debuta con pérdida de peso, astenia, neumonía atípica, esplenomegalia e hipergammaglobulinemia policlonal con diagnóstico de leishmaniasis visceral, al objetivarse en el aspirado de médula ósea amastigotes de Leishmania

    Síndrome de Lady Windermere

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    Lady Windermere syndrome was defined more than 20 years ago by Reich and Johnson who used this term to describe pulmonary infection by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) limited to the middle lobe and/or lingula. We present a case of a 95-year-old woman, with no history of known pulmonary disease, presenting with constitutional syndrome and chronic cough, diagnosed with MAC infection in these areas.El síndrome de Lady Windermere fue definido hace más de 20 años por Reich y Johnson, quienes utilizan este término para describir la infección pulmonar por Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) limitada al lóbulo medio y/o a la língula. Presentamos un caso de una mujer de 95 años, sin antecedentes de enfermedad pulmonar conocida, que presenta síndrome constitucional y tos crónica, con diagnostico de infección por MAC en estas áreas

    Monoamines as Drug Targets in Chronic Pain: Focusing on Neuropathic Pain

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    Monoamines are involved in regulating the endogenous pain system and indeed, peripheral and central monoaminergic dysfunction has been demonstrated in certain types of pain, particularly in neuropathic pain. Accordingly, drugs that modulate the monaminergic system and that were originally designed to treat depression are now considered to be first line treatments for certain types of neuropathic pain (e.g., serotonin and noradrenaline (and also dopamine) reuptake inhibitors). The analgesia induced by these drugs seems to be mediated by inhibiting the reuptake of these monoamines, thereby reinforcing the descending inhibitory pain pathways. Hence, it is of particular interest to study the monoaminergic mechanisms involved in the development and maintenance of chronic pain. Other analgesic drugs may also be used in combination with monoamines to facilitate descending pain inhibition (e.g., gabapentinoids and opioids) and such combinations are often also used to alleviate certain types of chronic pain. By contrast, while NSAIDs are thought to influence the monoaminergic system, they just produce consistent analgesia in inflammatory pain. Thus, in this review we will provide preclinical and clinical evidence of the role of monoamines in the modulation of chronic pain, reviewing how this system is implicated in the analgesic mechanism of action of antidepressants, gabapentinoids, atypical opioids, NSAIDs and histaminergic drug

    Correction : Chaparro et al. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain: Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2885

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    The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

    Jardins per a la salut

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    Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona. Ensenyament: Grau de Farmàcia. Assignatura: Botànica farmacèutica. Curs: 2014-2015. Coordinadors: Joan Simon, Cèsar Blanché i Maria Bosch.Els materials que aquí es presenten són el recull de les fitxes botàniques de 128 espècies presents en el Jardí Ferran Soldevila de l’Edifici Històric de la UB. Els treballs han estat realitzats manera individual per part dels estudiants dels grups M-3 i T-1 de l’assignatura Botànica Farmacèutica durant els mesos de febrer a maig del curs 2014-15 com a resultat final del Projecte d’Innovació Docent «Jardins per a la salut: aprenentatge servei a Botànica farmacèutica» (codi 2014PID-UB/054). Tots els treballs s’han dut a terme a través de la plataforma de GoogleDocs i han estat tutoritzats pels professors de l’assignatura. L’objectiu principal de l’activitat ha estat fomentar l’aprenentatge autònom i col·laboratiu en Botànica farmacèutica. També s’ha pretès motivar els estudiants a través del retorn de part del seu esforç a la societat a través d’una experiència d’Aprenentatge-Servei, deixant disponible finalment el treball dels estudiants per a poder ser consultable a través d’una Web pública amb la possibilitat de poder-ho fer in-situ en el propi jardí mitjançant codis QR amb un smartphone

    Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

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    The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

    Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

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    Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

    La renovación de la palabra en el bicentenario de la Argentina : los colores de la mirada lingüística

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    El libro reúne trabajos en los que se exponen resultados de investigaciones presentadas por investigadores de Argentina, Chile, Brasil, España, Italia y Alemania en el XII Congreso de la Sociedad Argentina de Lingüística (SAL), Bicentenario: la renovación de la palabra, realizado en Mendoza, Argentina, entre el 6 y el 9 de abril de 2010. Las temáticas abordadas en los 167 capítulos muestran las grandes líneas de investigación que se desarrollan fundamentalmente en nuestro país, pero también en los otros países mencionados arriba, y señalan además las áreas que recién se inician, con poca tradición en nuestro país y que deberían fomentarse. Los trabajos aquí publicados se enmarcan dentro de las siguientes disciplinas y/o campos de investigación: Fonología, Sintaxis, Semántica y Pragmática, Lingüística Cognitiva, Análisis del Discurso, Psicolingüística, Adquisición de la Lengua, Sociolingüística y Dialectología, Didáctica de la lengua, Lingüística Aplicada, Lingüística Computacional, Historia de la Lengua y la Lingüística, Lenguas Aborígenes, Filosofía del Lenguaje, Lexicología y Terminología

    Enfermedad de Chagas en pacientes con miocardiopatía dilatada idiopática en Costa Rica

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    Justificación y objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de la enfermedad de Chagas en un grupo de pacientes con miocardiopatía dilatada, bradiarritmias y taquiarritmias ventriculares en Costa Rica. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo de una serie de casos. Se seleccionaron pacientes con diagnóstico clínico y ecocardiográfico de miocardiopatía dilatada, bloqueo atrioventricular o intraventricular documentados o con arritmia ventricular compleja, excluyéndose aquellos en quienes hubiera uno o más factores causales (enfermedad arterial coronaria o cardiopatía hipertensiva). Mediante consentimiento informado, se les realizó un estudio con 2 pruebas serológicas de diferente fuente para detectar IgG anti-Trypanosoma cruzi. Resultados: De aproximadamente 15.000 a 20.000 vistos pacientes por año en la Consulta Externa del Servicio de Cardiología del Hospital México, unos 500 se presentan con el diagnóstico de miocardiopatía dilatada. Excluidos los pacientes con causa conocida de su cardiopatía, entre febrero de 2004 y noviembre de 2005 se reclutó a 74 pacientes, 41 hombres y 33 mujeres, con edades comprendidas entre los 13 y los 87 años (promedio 47,9), de los cuales la mayoría (n=51; 68,9%) tenían miocardiopatía dilatada idiopática, con una fracción de eyección promedio del 29,2%; 18 (24,33%) se incluyeron por bloqueo atrioventricular y 5 por arritmia ventricular compleja. De los 78 pacientes, 5 (6,8%) resultaron tener serología positiva por enfermedad de Chagas; de estos: 3 con miocardiopatía dilatada, uno con bloqueo atrioventricular completo y uno con arritmia ventricular compleja. Cabe destacar que solo uno de los 3 pacientes dilatados tiene el electrocardiograma característico de la fase crónica de la enfermedad de Chagas: bloqueo AV de primer grado, bloqueo completo de rama derecha y hemibloqueo anterior izquierdo. Conclusión: Los datos obtenidos en esta investigación revelan que la prevalencia de miocarditis chagásica crónica es relativamente baja entre los pacientes cardiópatas estudiados. Esta es la primera documentación clínica y serológica de la enfermedad en el país, en este grupo de pacientes. Entre las alteraciones clínicas predomina el daño miocárdico, pero también hay casos con bloqueo atrioventricular y arritmia ventricular compleja.Aim: To determine the prevalence of Chagas´ disease in a group of patients from Costa Rica, with dilated myocardiopathy, bradiarrhythmias and ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Materials and methods: We prospectively selected patients with clinical and echocardiographic diagnosis of dilated myocardiopathy, documented atrioventricular or intraventricular block or complex ventricular arrhythmias, excluding those who already had known etiologies, for example coronary artery disease or hypertensive heart disease. After obtaining an informed consent, we performed a serologic ELISA qualitative test using anti-trypanosoma cruzi antigens obtained by two different techniques. Results: From aproximately 15,000 to 20,000 patients/year seen at the cardiology clinic of the Mexico Hospital, about 500 had dilated myocardiopathy. From February 2004 to august 2005 and excluding those patients with known causes, we recruited 74 patients, there were 41 men and 33 women with ages between 13 and 87 years (mean 47,8). Almost 70% (n=51) were included because of idiopathic dilated myocardiopathy (mean ejection fraction 29,2%), 24,3% (n=18) were included with atrioventricular block and 6,8% (n=5) with complex ventricular arrhythmia. Five patients were positive, 3 with dilated myocardiopathy, 1 with atrioventricular blockade and 1 with complex ventricular arrhythmia. Of note, only 1 patient with dilated myocardiopathy (the only 1 in the group) had the charactersitic electrocardiographic pattern of the chronic phase of the disease: first degree atrioventricular block, right bundle branch block and left anterior division block. Antiarrhythmic management of the patient with complex ventricular arrhythmia (29 years old) was challenging. Since he did not respond to ablation and underwent sympathectomy, only to die 4 months later. There were no other differences compared with the other 9 patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of chronic chagasic myocarditis is relatively low in patients with idiopathic myocardiopathy. This is the first time this subject is reported clinically and serologically in our country. In this entity myocardial compromise is predominant but there could also be atrioventricular blockade and complex ventricular arrhythmia cases
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