Gender and entrepreneurship in pandemic time: what demands and what resources? An exploratory study

Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, global economies have suffered an exogenous shock never seen before with a strong economic and psychosocial impact on organizations. Italy, in the context of the research, has been severely affected. The economic crisis has mainly affected women. In this scenario, entrepreneurial perceived success (objective and subjective) is influenced by increasingly burdensome job demands that entrepreneurs have to face up. Using the job demand resources model, the study aims to broaden the knowledge of the determinants of entrepreneurial perceived success in the current emergency moment. In particular, as regards of the demands, alongside the specific entrepreneurial demands (time demands, uncertainty and risk, and responsibility), we also decided to include the negative interface family–work in both directions from-family-to-work (NEGWIF) and from-work-to-family (NEGFIW). Regarding the resources, we considered entrepreneurial self-efficacy (researching, planning, marshaling, implementing people, and implementing financial), proactive and elaborate social strategies (SS), and both directions of the positive interface: from-family-to-work (POSWIF) and from-work-to-family (POSFIW). All participants are women entrepreneurs (N = 137) who have completed a self-report questionnaire. We explored the associations between demands, resources, and the dimensions of success through hierarchical regressions. As for the demands, time demands, uncertainty and risk, NEGWIF, and NEGFIW negatively influenced the perceived entrepreneurial success. Regarding resources, planning, implementing financial, proactive and elaborate SS positively influenced the perceived entrepreneurial success

Interorganizational Networks in Physical Activity Promotion: A Systematic Review

Public health challenges such as physical inactivity are multiplex and cannot be effectively addressed by single organizations or sectors. For this reason, public health policies have to involve various sectors and foster partnerships among organizations. Social network analysis (SNA) provides a methodological toolkit that enables the investigation of relationships between organizations to reveal information about the structure and cooperation within networks. This systematic review provides an overview of studies utilizing SNA to analyze the structure of networks that promote physical activity, including the structural set-up, types, and conditions of cooperation, the existence or absence of key actors, the characteristics of organizations working together, and potential barriers limiting collaboration. In total, eight eligible studies were identified. To evaluate the quality of these studies, a quality assessment tool for SNA was created. Relevant aspects from each study were systematically outlined using a data extraction template developed for network studies. The studies reported low to moderate density scores with many ties not being realized. Organizations tend to work side by side than as real partners, whereas organizations of the same type are more strongly connected. Most of the studies identified governmental health organizations as key players in their networks. Network maturity influences network outcomes. Shared goals and geographic proximity are potential facilitators for network development. For future research, more sophisticated methods and longitudinal studies are required to describe how networks, with the aim of promoting physical activity, develop and change to identify predicting factors for an effective network structur

Sport und Bewegung in der Karlsruher Oststadt : Ergebnisbericht

Begegnung braucht Bewegung und Bewegung braucht Räume. In dieser Formel lässt sich die Idee des Teilprojektes „Soziales und Raum“ im Rahmen des Projektes Reallabor 131 in der Karlsruher Oststadt zusammenfassen. Das übergeordnete Ziel des Projektes Ziel war die partizipative Identifizierung, Analyse und Entwicklung von Orten der Begegnung, der Bewegung und des Aufenthalts im Quartier. Untersucht wurden wohnortnahe Freiräume im Hinblick darauf, welche gestalterischräumliche und soziale Qualität sie besitzen, welches Spektrum sie abdecken und wie sie im Sinne einer Förderung quartiersbezogener Freizeitaktivitäten und nicht-motorisierter Alltagsmobilität entwickelt werden können. Hierzu fanden über den Projektzeitraum von 2015 bis 2017 verschiedene Projekte statt. Im vorliegenden Bericht „Sport und Bewegung“ sind zwei Projekte zusammengefasst, welche sich vorwiegend mit den infrastrukturellen und sozialräumlichen Aspekten von Sport und Bewegung auseinandersetzen und einen substanziellen Beitrag zur Lebensqualität und Nachhaltigkeit im Quartier beitragen. Dies ist zum einem die Erfassung der Sport- und Bewegungsräume sowie die „Hintergrundorganisation“ des Bewegungsangebots in der Oststadt, dem Netzwerk der Sport- und Bewegungsanbieter. Zum anderen ist dies die Untersuchung der Walkability (Fußgängerfreundlichkeit) und die Entwicklung eines partizipativen Instruments, der Walkability-Checklist, das die Bevölkerung für dieses Thema sensibilisiert und zur Beteiligung an Veränderungsprozessen motiviert

Grundsätze hochschuldidaktischer Arbeit : am Zentrum für Lehre und Weiterbildung

Der Artikel befasst sich mit aktuellen, programmatischen Grundsätzen hochschuldidaktischer Arbeit, wie sie durch das Zentrum für Lehre und Weiterbildung der Universität Stuttgart verfolgt und umgesetzt werden. Ausgehend von einer Skizze des Europäischen Hochschulraums wird das Programmziel des "Lebenslangen Lernens" kritisch diskutiert und reflektiert. Anschließend werden die zentralen, thematischen Orientierungspunkte für praktische, hochschuldidaktische Arbeit vorgestellt und knapp umrissen. Der Artikel richtet sich an Hochschullehrende sowie Hochschuldidaktikerinnen und Hochschuldidaktiker

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in children with interstitial lung disease: Determine etiologies!

OBJECTIVE: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) in children is a rare condition resulting from different underlying diseases. This study aimed at describing characteristics and diagnostic measures in children with ILD (children\u27s interstitial lung disease, chILD) and DAH to improve the diagnostic approach by increasing clinician\u27s awareness of diagnostic shortcomings. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective data analysis of patients with ILD and DAH treated in our own or collaborating centers between 01/07/1997 and 31/12/2020 was performed. Data on clinical courses and diagnostic measures were systematically retrieved as case-vignettes and investigated. To assess suitability of diagnostic software-algorithms, the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) was revised and expanded to optimize conditions of its associated tool the Phenomizer. RESULTS: For 97 (74%) of 131 patients, etiology of pulmonary hemorrhage was clarified. For 34 patients (26%), no underlying condition was found (termed as idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage, IPH). Based on laboratory findings or clinical phenotype/comorbidities, 20 of these patients were assigned to descriptive clusters: IPH associated with autoimmune features (9), eosinophilia (5), renal disease (3) or multiorgan involvement (3). For 14 patients, no further differentiation was possible. CONCLUSION: Complete and sometimes repeated diagnostics are essential for establishing the correct diagnosis in children with DAH. We suggest assignment of patients with IPH to descriptive clusters, which may also guide further research. Digital tools such as the Phenomizer/HPO are promising, but need to be extended to increase diagnostic accuracy

Heavy Quarkonium Physics

This report is the result of the collaboration and research effort of the Quarkonium Working Group over the last three years. It provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in heavy-quarkonium theory and experiment, covering quarkonium spectroscopy, decay, and production, the determination of QCD parameters from quarkonium observables, quarkonia in media, and the effects on quarkonia of physics beyond the Standard Model. An introduction to common theoretical and experimental tools is included. Future opportunities for research in quarkonium physics are also discussed.Comment: xviii + 487 pages, 260 figures. The full text is also available at the Quarkonium Working Group web page: http://www.qwg.to.infn.i

Monotone and near-monotone biochemical networks

Monotone subsystems have appealing properties as components of larger networks, since they exhibit robust dynamical stability and predictability of responses to perturbations. This suggests that natural biological systems may have evolved to be, if not monotone, at least close to monotone in the sense of being decomposable into a “small” number of monotone components, In addition, recent research has shown that much insight can be attained from decomposing networks into monotone subsystems and the analysis of the resulting interconnections using tools from control theory. This paper provides an expository introduction to monotone systems and their interconnections, describing the basic concepts and some of the main mathematical results in a largely informal fashion

Mutations and Deregulation of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR Cascades Which Alter Therapy Response

The Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR cascades are often activated by genetic alterations in upstream signaling molecules such as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK). Certain components of these pathways, RAS, NF1, BRAF, MEK1, DUSP5, PP2A, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, PIK3R4, PIK3R5, IRS4, AKT, NFKB1, MTOR, PTEN, TSC1, and TSC2 may also be activated/inactivated by mutations or epigenetic silencing. Upstream mutations in one signaling pathway or even in downstream components of the same pathway can alter the sensitivity of the cells to certain small molecule inhibitors. These pathways have profound effects on proliferative, apoptotic and differentiation pathways. Dysregulation of components of these cascades can contribute to: resistance to other pathway inhibitors, chemotherapeutic drug resistance, premature aging as well as other diseases. This review will first describe these pathways and discuss how genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations can result in resistance to various inhibitors