21 research outputs found

    Severe outbreaks of strawberry crown and root charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina in Tucumán, Argentina = Ataques severos de podredumbre carbonosa de corona y raíz en frutilla causada por Macrophomina phaseolina en Tucumán, Argentina

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    Tucumán province is one of the most important strawberries growers in Argentina. The strawberry crown and root charcoal rot is a soilborne disease caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina. This disease is spread worldwide and M. phaseolina one of the most economically important fungal pathogens. The objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility of different strawberry cultivars to M. phaseolina under field conditions. The evaluation was carried out at INTA-Famaillá in Tucumán, Argentina. Fresh-dug strawberry plants form cultivars ‘Macarena’, ‘Treasure’, ‘Pájaro’, ‘Ruby Gem’, ‘Carmela’, ‘Camino Real’, ‘Albion’, ‘Ventana’, ‘Camarosa’ and ‘Palomar’ were evaluated. All evaluated plants showed decline and death but the pathogens isolated differed among cultivars. Fusarium oxysporum was co-isolated with M. phaseolina in ‘Camarosa’, ‘Camino Real’, ‘Albion’, ‘Carmela’, ‘Treasure’ and ‘Pájaro’. Pure isolates of M. phaseolina were obtained from ‘Ruby Gem’ and ‘Macarena’. Pure isolates of Fusarium spp. were obtained from ‘Palomar’. Plant losses and disease ratings due to M. phaseolina were greater for ‘Macarena’, ‘Treasure’ and ‘Pajaro’, followed by, ‘Ruby Gem’ and ‘Carmela’ than for ‘Palomar’ and ‘Camarosa’, which appeared to be more tolerant to plant decline. This study demonstrates the differential tolerance to M. phaseolina of currently available strawberry cultivars in Tucumán, Argentina.La provincia de Tucumán es una de las productoras más importantes de frutilla de Argentina. La podredumbre carbonosa de corona y raíz es una enfermedad transmitida por el suelo causada por el hongo Macrophomina phaseolina. Este enfermedad se encuentra distribuida en todo el mundo y M. phaseolina uno de los hongos patógenos más importantes desde el punto de vista económico. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la susceptibilidad de diferentes cultivares de frutilla a M. phaseolina bajo condiciones de campo. La evaluación se realizó en el INTA-Famaillá en Tucumán, Argentina. Se utilizaron plantines de frutilla frescos de los cultivares ‘Macarena’, ‘Treasure’, ‘Pájaro’, ‘Ruby Gem’, ‘Carmela’, ‘Camino Real’, ‘Albion’, ‘Ventana’, ‘Camarosa’ y ‘Palomar’. Todas las plantas evaluadas mostraron decaimiento y muerte pero los patógenos aislados difirieron entre variedades. Fusarium oxysporum fue co-aislado con M. phaseolina en ‘Camarosa’, ‘Camino Real’, ‘Albion’, ‘Carmela’, ‘Treasure’ y ‘Pájaro’. Los aislados puros de M. phaseolina se obtuvieron de ‘Ruby Gem’ y ‘Macarena’, y el aislado puro de Fusarium spp. se obtuvo de ‘Palomar’. Las pérdidas de plantas y las tasas de enfermedad debidas a M. phaseolina fueron mayores para ‘Macarena’, ‘Treasure’ y ‘Pajaro’, seguidas por ‘Ruby Gem’ y ‘Carmela’ que para ‘Palomar’ y ‘Camarosa’, que parecían ser más tolerantes al declive de la planta. Este estudio demuestra la tolerancia diferencial de los cultivares de frutilla actualmente disponibles a M. phaseolina en Tucumán, Argentina.EEA FamailláFil: Viejobueno, Josefina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Ramallo, Ana Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Kirschbaum, Daniel Santiago. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Baino, Olga M. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Salazar, Sergio Miguel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; Argentin

    Patient-reported outcome measures for knowledge transfer and behaviour modification interventions in type 2 diabetes-the INDICA study: a multiarm cluster randomised controlled trial

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    Objective: This study assesses the effectiveness of different interventions of knowledge transfer and behaviour modification to improve type 2 diabetes mellitus patients' (T2DM) reported outcomes measures (PROMs) in the long-term. Design: open, community-based pragmatic, multicentre, controlled trial with random allocation by clusters to usual care (UC) or to one of the three interventions. Participants: A total of 2334 patients with uncomplicated T2DM and 211 healthcare professionals were included of 32 primary care centres. Setting: Primary Care Centers in Canary Islands (Spain). Intervention: The intervention for patients (PTI) included an educational group programme, logs and a web-based platform for monitoring and automated short message service (SMS). The intervention for professionals (PFI) included an educational programme, a decision support tool embedded into the electronic clinical record and periodic feedback about patients' results. A third group received both PTI and PFI (combined intervention, CBI). Outcome measure: Cognitive-attitudinal, behavioural, affective and health-related quality of life (HQoL) variables. Results: Compared with UC at 24 months, the PTI group significantly improved knowledge (p=0.005), self-empowerment (p=0.002), adherence to dietary recommendations (p<0.001) and distress (p=0.01). The PFI group improved at 24 months in distress (p=0.03) and at 12 months there were improvements in depression (p=0.003), anxiety (p=0.05), HQoL (p=0.005) and self-empowerment (p<0.001). The CBI group improved at 24 months in self-empowerment (p=0.008) and adherence to dietary recommendations (p=0.004) and at 12 months in knowledge (p=0.008), depression (p=0.006), anxiety (p=0.003), distress (p=0.01), HQoL (p<0.001) and neuropathic symptoms (p=0.02). Statistically significant improvements were also observed at 24 months in the proportion of patients who quit smoking for PTI and CBI (41.5% in PTI and 42.3% in CBI vs 21.2% in the UC group). Conclusions: Assessed interventions to improve PROMs in T2DM attain effectiveness for knowledge, self-empowerment, distress, diet adherence and tobacco cessation. PTI produced the most lasting benefits. Trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01657227 (6 August 2012) https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01657227.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), grant number: ADE10/00032 and PI16/00769 co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) “A way to make Europe”.S

    Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

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    [Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

    Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Treatment vs Hospitalization for Infective Endocarditis: Validation of the OPAT-GAMES Criteria

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    Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

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    Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

    Effectiveness of an ametoctradin-dimethomorph formulation to control brown rot on postharvest lemons

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    Brown Rot (BR), caused by Phytophthora spp., is a citrus postharvest disease. In Argentina, world leader in lemon production, BR management is based on cultural practices and chemical control using inorganic salts of limited efficacy. Commercial formulations containing ametoctradin plus dimethomorph (A + D) and ametoctradin plus methiran (A + M) have been recommended against Phytophthora infestans in potato crops; however, their use on citrus is unexplored. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of A + D and A + M to inhibit a Phytophthora citrophthora local isolate and to control BR in lemons by pre- and postharvest applications. A + D affected zoospore structure and motility, and inhibited mycelial growth and sporangia formation more efficiently than A + M. In applications on postharvest lemons, A + D presented BR preventive activity (90% incidence reduction), while it lacked curative action. A field treatment with A + D reduced 50% of BR incidence in lemons harvested and inoculated up to 21 d post-application. Our results encourage the incorporation of the commercial A + D formulation into the management strategies to reduce or avoid citrus BR.Fil: Ramallo, Ana Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Olmedo, Gabriela María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Ramallo, Jackeline C.. S.A. San Miguel - Citrícola; ArgentinaFil: Cerioni, Luciana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Rapisarda, Viviana Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentin

    Control of Phytophthora brown rot of lemons by pre- and postharvest applications of potassium phosphite

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    Citrus Brown Rot (BR), caused by Phytophthora spp., provokes important economical losses mainly in periods of high rainfall. The management of this disease in Florida and Brazilian citrus areas, main orange growers worldwide, includes chemical control using phosphite salts. In Argentina, the world leader in lemon production, these compounds are registered only as fertilizers. In this work, the effect of potassium phosphite on different Phytophthora sp. cellular structures and the conditions to control lemon BR by it application at pre and post-harvest stages were evaluated. Phosphite inhibited in vitro the mycelial growth, the sporangia production, and the motility and germination of zoospores of a local isolate of Phytophthora citrophthora. In postharvest applications on artificially inoculated lemons, the phosphites exerted a moderate curative activity, reducing BR incidences ~25% in respect to controls. When this salt was applied a week before inoculation, BR incidences were 50–60% lower than those of controls, denoting a significant preventive activity. The application of phosphite with fungicides in commercial packingline prevented BR disease in fruit inoculated at 96 h post-treatment. In pre-harvest, two phosphite applications reduced incidences ~40–60% in lemons harvested and inoculated up to 75 d after treatment. Our data confer valuable technical information towards the use of phosphite salts against lemon BR, contributing to the pre- and postharvest management strategies of this disease.Fil: Ramallo, Ana Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química Biológica; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Cerioni, Luciana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química Biológica; ArgentinaFil: Olmedo, Gabriela María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química Biológica; ArgentinaFil: Volentini, Sabrina Inès. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química Biológica; ArgentinaFil: Ramallo, Jackeline C.. Laboratorio de Desarrollo e Investigación; ArgentinaFil: Rapisarda, Viviana Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química Biológica; Argentin

    Inhibition of the lemon brown rot causal agent Phytophthora citrophthora by low-toxicity compounds

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    BACKGROUND: Phytophthora spp., soil-borne oomycetes, cause brown rot (BR) on postharvest lemons. The management of this disease is based on cultural practices and chemical control using inorganic salts of limited efficacy. In the search for new alternatives, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of low-toxicity compounds to inhibit the growth of P. citrophthora and to control BR disease on lemons. Sodium bicarbonate, potassium sorbate, polyhexamethylene guanidine, Ascophyllum nodosum extract and a formulation containing phosphite salts plus A. nodosum (P+An) were evaluated. RESULTS: All tested products inhibited mycelial growth, sporangia formation and zoospore germination of P. citrophthora in vitro. In postharvest applications on artificially inoculated lemons, only P+An exhibited a BR curative effect, with incidence reduction of around 60%. When this formulation was applied in field treatments, BR incidence was reduced by 40% on lemons harvested and inoculated up to 30 days post application. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate the in vitro direct anti-oomycete effect of low-toxicity compounds and the in vivo efficacy of P+An formulation to control BR, encouraging the incorporation of the latter in the management of citrus BR.Fil: Olmedo, Gabriela María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet Noa Sur. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Grupo de Investigación y Desarrollo del Noroeste Argentino | Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Grupo de Investigación y Desarrollo del Noroeste Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Baigorria, Carina Giselle. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet Noa Sur. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Grupo de Investigación y Desarrollo del Noroeste Argentino | Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Grupo de Investigación y Desarrollo del Noroeste Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Ramallo, Ana Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet Noa Sur. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Grupo de Investigación y Desarrollo del Noroeste Argentino | Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Grupo de Investigación y Desarrollo del Noroeste Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Sepulveda Tusek, Milena. S.A. San Miguel.Laboratorio de Desarrollo e Investigación; ArgentinaFil: Ramallo, Jacqueline. S.A. San Miguel.Laboratorio de Desarrollo e Investigación; ArgentinaFil: Volentini, Sabrina Inès. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet Noa Sur. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Grupo de Investigación y Desarrollo del Noroeste Argentino | Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Grupo de Investigación y Desarrollo del Noroeste Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Rapisarda, Viviana Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet Noa Sur. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Grupo de Investigación y Desarrollo del Noroeste Argentino | Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Grupo de Investigación y Desarrollo del Noroeste Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Cerioni, Luciana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet Noa Sur. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Grupo de Investigación y Desarrollo del Noroeste Argentino | Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Grupo de Investigación y Desarrollo del Noroeste Argentino; Argentin

    Ataques severos de podredumbre carbonosa de corona y raíz en frutilla causada por Macrophomina phaseolina en Tucumán, Argentina

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    Tucumán province is one of the most important strawberries growers in Argentina. The charcoal rot is a soilborne disease caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina. This disease is spread worldwide and M. phaseolina one of the most economically important fungal pathogens. The objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility of different strawberry cultivars to M. phaseolina under field conditions. The evaluation was carried out at INTA-Famaillá in Tucumán, Argentina. Fresh-dug strawberry plants form cultivars ?Macarena?, ?Treasure?, ?Pájaro?, ?Ruby Gem?, ?Carmela?, ?Camino Real?, ?Albion?, ?Ventana?, ?Camarosa? and ?Palomar? were evaluated. All evaluated plants showed decline and death but the pathogens isolated differed among cultivars. Fusarium oxysporum was co-isolated with M. phaseolina in ?Camarosa?, ?Camino Real?, ?Albion?, ?Carmela?, ?Treasure? and ?Pájaro?. Pure isolates of M. phaseolina were obtained from ?Ruby Gem? and ?Macarena?. Pure isolates of Fusarium spp. were obtained from ?Palomar?. Plant losses and disease ratings due to M. phaseolina were greater for ?Macarena?, ?Treasure? and ?Pajaro?, followed by, ?Ruby Gem? and ?Carmela? than for ?Palomar? and ?Camarosa?, which appeared to be more tolerant to plant decline. This study demonstrates differential tolerance to M. phaseolina of currently available strawberry cultivars in Tucumán, Argentina.La provincia de Tucumán es una de las productoras más importantes de frutilla de Argentina. La podredumbre carbonosa de corona y raíz es una enfermedad transmitida por el suelo causada por el hongo Macrophomina phaseolina. Este enfermedad se encuentra distribuida en todo el mundo y M. phaseolina uno de los hongos patógenos más importantes desde el punto de vista económico. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la susceptibilidad de diferentes cultivares de frutilla a M. phaseolina bajo condiciones de campo. La evaluación se realizó en el INTA-Famaillá en Tucumán, Argentina. Se utilizaron plantines de frutilla frescos de los cultivares ‘Macarena’, ‘Treasure’, ‘Pájaro’, ‘Ruby Gem’, ‘Carmela’, ‘Camino Real’, ‘Albion’, ‘Ventana’, ‘Camarosa’ y ‘Palomar’. Todas las plantas evaluadas mostraron decaimiento y muerte pero los patógenos aislados difirieron entre variedades. Fusarium oxysporum fue co-aislado con M. phaseolina en ‘Camarosa’, ‘Camino Real’, ‘Albion’, ‘Carmela’, ‘Treasure’ y ‘Pájaro’. Los aislados puros de M. phaseolina se obtuvieron de ‘Ruby Gem’ y ‘Macarena’, y el aislado puro de Fusarium spp. se obtuvo de ‘Palomar’. Las pérdidas de plantas y las tasas de enfermedad debidas a M. phaseolina fueron mayores para ‘Macarena’, ‘Treasure’ y ‘Pajaro’, seguidas por ‘Ruby Gem’ y ‘Carmela’ que para ‘Palomar’ y ‘Camarosa’, que parecían ser más tolerantes al declive de la planta. Este estudio demuestra la tolerancia diferencial de los cultivares de frutilla actualmente disponibles a M. phaseolina en Tucumán, Argentina.Fil: Viejobueno, Josefina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Tucuman-santiago del Estero. Estacion Experimental.agropecuaria Famailla. Agencia de Extension Rural S M de Tucuman.; ArgentinaFil: Ramallo, Ana Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Kirschbaum, Daniel Santiago. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Tucuman-santiago del Estero. Estacion Experimental.agropecuaria Famailla. Agencia de Extension Rural S M de Tucuman.; ArgentinaFil: Baino, Olga Mercedes. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Salazar, Sergio Miguel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Tucuman-santiago del Estero. Estacion Experimental.agropecuaria Famailla. Agencia de Extension Rural S M de Tucuman.; Argentin

    Impacto de la biofertilización en la calidad de la frutilla

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    La producción de frutilla (Fragaria x ananassa) es una de la más importantes entre los berries cultivados en Argentina, superando las 1950 ha implantadas. Tucumán es la segunda provincia productora de frutilla, con 510 ha cultivadas en 2022. La investigación de las distintas tecnologías de manejo proporcionará una base teórica para mejorar la eficacia de producción y ofrecer alternativas de prácticas sostenibles. Al manejo convencional de los cultivos se incorporó el uso de bioinsumos al tratarse de opciones ecológicamente deseables. Los biofertilizantes son todo aquellos que con la ayuda de microorganismos benéficos poseen gran capacidad de transformar compuestos presentes en la materia orgánica y así contribuyen con las exigencias de las plantas mejorando a su vez la calidad del suelo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el impacto de los biofertilizantes en la calidad de la frutilla. El ensayo se realizó en lotes experimentales de INTA Famaillá, Tucumán, en 2022. Se evaluó el impacto de los tratamientos T1: 100% fertilización (química) convencional (urea, fosfato diamónico, nitrato de calcio, nitrato de potasio, sulfato de potasio, sulfato de magnesio y ácido fosfórico), T2: 50% de fertilizantes químicos (idem T1) + biofertilizantes (consorcio microbiano, Azospirillum argentinense y ácidos húmicos), y T3 100% biofertilizantes (idem T2), aplicados por fertirriego 3 veces/semana, sobre la calidad del cultivar Fronteras. Las muestras de frutos se extrajeron el 31/8, 12/9 y 3/10. Para el análisis, de cada tratamiento se tomaron tres muestras de 15 frutos de calidad comercial cada una. Los indicadores de calidad evaluados fueron peso individual del fruto (P) mediante balanza granataria, firmeza (F) con penetrómetro manual, sólidos solubles totales (SST) con refractómetro ATAGO, acidez titulable (AT) por titulación con NaOH hasta pH 8,1 de 10 g de jugo en 100 ml de agua destilada, y ratio (SST/AT). Los datos se analizaron con ANOVA y test DGC (comparación de medias). Los resultados indicaron que las frutillas cosechadas el 31/8 mostraron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos (p < 0,005). P fue superior en T2 (25,4 g), F en T2 y T3 (2,9 N) fue superior que en T1 (2,7 N). Los SST más altos se encontraron en T1 (9,5 °Bx), versus T2 y T3 (8,6 °Bx). En AT, T2 (0,5%) fue inferior (p < 0,05) a T1 y T3. En cuanto al ratio, T2 tuvo el mejor valor (seguido de T1 y T3). Las estrategias de manejo mixto permitieron reducir 50% la dosis de fertilizantes químicos, lo cual influyó positivamente en la calidad del fruto. La fertilización química complementada con la biofertilización contribuye a la sostenibilidad del agroecosistema frutilla.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale
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