Testicular somatic cell-like cells derived from embryonic stem cells induce differentiation of epiblasts into germ cells

Regeneration of the testis from pluripotent stem cells is a real challenge, reflecting the complexity of the interaction of germ cells and somatic cells. Here we report the generation of testicular somatic cell-like cells (TesLCs) including Sertoli cell-like cells (SCLCs) from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in xeno-free culture. We find that Nr5a1/SF1 is critical for interaction between SCLCs and PGCLCs. Intriguingly, co-culture of TesLCs with epiblast-like cells (EpiLCs), rather than PGCLCs, results in self-organised aggregates, or testicular organoids. In the organoid, EpiLCs differentiate into PGCLCs or gonocyte-like cells that are enclosed within a seminiferous tubule-like structure composed of SCLCs. Furthermore, conditioned medium prepared from TesLCs has a robust inducible activity to differentiate EpiLCs into PGCLCs. Our results demonstrate conditions for in vitro reconstitution of a testicular environment from ESCs and provide further insights into the generation of sperm entirely in xeno-free culture

Tumor testicular de saco vitelino con metástasis a pleura: primer caso reportado en la literatura

ResumenEl cáncer testicular es el tumor urológico maligno más común en hombres jóvenes. Más del 90% corresponden a tumores de células germinales. El objetivo del estudio es el reporte del primer caso de cáncer testicular de tumores de células germinales con metástasis a pleura.Paciente masculino de 21 años, inicia su padecimiento con dolor en hemitórax derecho; la radiografía de tórax presenta una radioopacidad en lóbulo medio de pulmón derecho y la tomografía de tórax detecta una masa intratorácica y extrapulmonar. La biopsia torácica guiada por ultrasonido muestra una masa sólida adosada a la pared torácica, con efecto de desplazamiento sobre la pleura, conocido como «efecto en cola de cometa». La biopsia fue positiva para lesión neoplásica maligna poco diferenciada de la pleura. A la exploración encontramos testículo derecho con tumoración en polo inferior el cual se corrobora por ultrasonido. Los marcadores tumorales solo con elevación de alfa-fetoproteína 295.87ng/dL y deshidrogenasa láctica en 2,380UI/L. En la tomografía de abdomen se identificó actividad ganglionar interaortocava. Realizamos orquiectomía radical derecha. Reporte patológico: tumor testicular de saco vitelino, pT1N2M1S2.En este caso se pudo comprobar que las metástasis fueron a nivel pleural, que lo ubica como una forma de diseminación excepcional.AbstractTesticular cancer is the most common malignant urologic tumor in young men. More than 90% are germ cell tumors. The aim of this study was to report the first case of germ cell tumor testicular cancer with metastasis to the pleura.A 21-year-old man had disease onset with pain in the right hemithorax. The chest x-ray showed radio-opacity in the middle lobe of the right lung. A chest tomography scan detected an intrathoracic and extrapulmonary mass. Ultrasound-guided thoracic biopsy revealed a solid mass attached to the thoracic wall, displaced over the pleura, known as the “comet tail effect”. The biopsy was positive for a poorly differentiated malignant neoplastic lesion of the pleura. Upon physical examination we encountered a right testis with a tumor at the lower pole; this was corroborated through ultrasound. In relation to tumor markers, only alpha-fetoprotein was elevated at 295.87ng/dl and lactate dehydrogenase at 2,380 IU/l. An abdominal tomography scan identified interaortocaval lymph node activity. We performed a right radical orchiectomy and the pathology report was testicular yolk sac tumor, pT1N2M1S2.In our patient, metastasis at the level of the pleura was confirmed, making this a case with an exceptional form of spread

The genomic landscape of balanced cytogenetic abnormalities associated with human congenital anomalies

Despite the clinical significance of balanced chromosomal abnormalities (BCAs), their characterization has largely been restricted to cytogenetic resolution. We explored the landscape of BCAs at nucleotide resolution in 273 subjects with a spectrum of congenital anomalies. Whole-genome sequencing revised 93% of karyotypes and demonstrated complexity that was cryptic to karyotyping in 21% of BCAs, highlighting the limitations of conventional cytogenetic approaches. At least 33.9% of BCAs resulted in gene disruption that likely contributed to the developmental phenotype, 5.2% were associated with pathogenic genomic imbalances, and 7.3% disrupted topologically associated domains (TADs) encompassing known syndromic loci. Remarkably, BCA breakpoints in eight subjects altered a single TAD encompassing MEF2C, a known driver of 5q14.3 microdeletion syndrome, resulting in decreased MEF2C expression. We propose that sequence-level resolution dramatically improves prediction of clinical outcomes for balanced rearrangements and provides insight into new pathogenic mechanisms, such as altered regulation due to changes in chromosome topology

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Late quaternary sea-ice and sedimentary redox conditions in the eastern Bering Sea – Implications for ventilation of the mid-depth North Pacific and an Atlantic-Pacific seesaw mechanism

On glacial-interglacial and millennial timescales, sea ice is an important player in the circulation and primary productivity of high latitude oceans, affecting regional and global biogeochemical cycling. In the modern North Pacific, brine rejection during sea-ice freezing in the Sea of Okhotsk drives the formation of North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) that ventilates the North Pacific Ocean at 300 m to 1000 m water depth. Glacial intervals of the late Quaternary, however, experienced a deepening of glacial NPIW to at least 2000 m, with the strongest ventilation observed during cold stadial conditions of the last deglaciation. However, the origin of the shifts in NPIW ventilation is poorly understood. Numerical simulations suggest an atmospheric teleconnection between the North Atlantic and the North Pacific, in response to a slowdown or shutdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. This leads to a build-up of salinity in the North Pacific surface ocean, triggering deep ventilation. Alternatively, increased sea-ice formation in the North Pacific and its marginal seas may have caused strengthened overturning in response to enhanced brine rejection. Here we use a multi-proxy approach to explore sea-ice dynamics, sedimentary redox chemistry, and benthic ecology at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1343 in the eastern Bering Sea across the last 40 ka. Our results suggest that brine rejection from enhanced sea-ice formation during early Heinrich Stadial 1 locally weakened the halocline, aiding in the initiation of deep overturning. Additionally, deglacial sea-ice retreat likely contributed to increased primary productivity and expansion of mid-depth hypoxia at Site U1343 during interstadials, confirming a vital role of sea ice in the deglacial North Pacific carbon cycle

Embryo recovery from the oviduct in superovulated ewes: a method to improve MOET systems

The efficiency of embryo recovery in a superovulatory treatment was studied by perfusing the oviduct or the uterine horn in 3.5 and 7 days after sponge withdrawal, respectively. Eighty-four and seventy ewes of Aragonesa breed were used as embryo donors and receptors, respectively. The donors were distributed in 3 replications. The oestrus was synchronized with the insertion of FGA intravaginal sponges (30 mg) for 13 days. Six intramuscular injections of 18 mg pFSH were applied in decreasing doses at 12 hour intervals starting 48 hours after sponge withdrawal. The recovery rate (RR) (83.2 vs. 75.8%), the viability rate (VR) (73.5 vs. 47.2%) and the number of viable embryos (VE) per donor ewe (5.9 ± 0.79 vs. 3.0 ± 0.37) were higher (P < 0.01) in ewes whose perfusion was done directly in oviducts. The interval from sponge withdrawal to oestrus had no influence on RR in any groups; however it had an effect on the VR in 3.5 and 7 days old embryos. Embryos from ewes showing the oestrus within 20 hours after sponge withdrawal had a higher viability. On the other hand, using morphologic criteria, 26.5% and 52.7% of 3.5 and 7 days old embryos, respectively, were discarded before transfer. The percentage of ewes in each group that became pregnant was similar in both groups. We conclude that in superovulated ewes the embryo recovery rate, viability and number of viable embryos are higher in embryos recovered from the oviduct compared to those recovered from the uterus, without decreasing the conception rate and the viability rate is higher in ewes that show the oestrus 20 hours before sponge withdrawal

Effect of recombinant growth hormone (rbST) application on superovulatory response and embryo viability in hair ewes

CONTENIDO Editorial. De la investigación científica a la publicación. Un eje indispensable. Aranguren Méndez, José Atilio Fauna Silvestre / Wild Life Concentraciones de metales en sedimentos y tejidos musculares de algunos peces de la laguna de Castillero, Venezuela. Metals concentration in sediments and muscular tissues of some fish from the Castillero lagoon, Venezuela. Márquez, Aristide; Senior, William; Martínez, Gregorio; Castañeda, Julián y González, Ángel Detección del síndrome del virus del Taura (TSV) en Litopenaeus Vannamei (Boone) del occidente de Venezuela. Detection of Taura syndrome virus in Litopenaeus Vannamei (Boone) from western of Venezuela. Aguado García, Nieves; Boada, Mélida y De Donato, Marcos Medicina Veterinaria / Veterinary Medicine La flunixin meglumina disminuye los signos de dolor peri-operatorio en perras sometidas a ovariohisterectomía. Flunixin meglumine decreases perioperative signs of pain in bitches undergoing ovariohisterectomy. Bravo, Maribel J.; Bravo, Hermes y Daló, Nelson L. Detección de la subunidad nmdar-1 del receptor n-metil-d-asparato (nmdar) en el hipotálamo del ovino mediante el análisis de western blot. Detection of the n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit-1 (nmdar-1) in the hypothalamus of the sheep by western blot analysis. Ruiz E., Ana Z. y Kittok, Roger Producción Animal / Animal Production Evaluation of varied dietary crude protein and lysine level at 5.7% of crude protein on productive parameters in broiler chickens. Evaluación de diferentes niveles de proteína cruda y lisina al 5,7% de proteína cruda sobre parámetros productivos de pollos de engorde. Urdaneta Rincón, María y Leeson, Steven Comparación de ecuaciones para ajustar curvas de lactancia en bovinos.Comparison of equations to fit lactation curves of cattle. García Muñiz, José Guadalupe; Martínez González, Enrique Gerano; Núñez Domínguez, Rafael; Ramírez Valverde, Rodolfo; López Ordaz, Rufino y Ruiz Flores, Agustín Crecimiento de becerros en un sistema de doble propósito en el trópico húmedo de México. Growth of calves in a dual-purpose system in humid-tropics of Mexico. De las Heras Torres, Jesús G.; Osorio Arce, Mario M. y Segura Correa, José C. Efecto de la aplicación de la hormona de crecimiento recombinante (rbST) sobre la respuesta superovulatoria y la viabilidad embrionaria en ovejas de pelo. Effect of recombinant growth hormone (rbST) application on superovulatory response and embryo viability in hair ewes. Navarrete Sierra, Luis F.; Cruz Tamayo, Alvar A.; González Parra, Eugenia I.; Piña Aguilar, Raúl E.; Sangines García, José R.; Toledo López, Víctor y Ramón Ugalde, Julio P. Efecto del tamaño de partícula de la fibra en la dieta sobre la conducta ingestiva, digestión de nutrientes y suministro de proteína microbial al duodeno de bovinos. Effect of fiber particle size on cattle ingestive behaviour, nutrients digestion and duodenal microbial-n supply. Genovez Chanona, Francis; Ayala Burgos, Armín Javier; Sandoval Castro, Carlos Alfredo; Cetina Góngora, Rubén y Reyes Ramírez, Raúl Caracterización nutritiva del follaje de seis especies forrajeras con énfasis en sus perfiles polifenólicos. Nutritional characterization of six fodder species foliage with emphasis in their polyphenolic profiles. García, Danny Eugenio; Medina, María Gabriela; Clavero, Tyrone; Cova, Luis José; Domínguez, Carlos y Baldizán, Alfredo Evaluación de la nutrición mineral en sabanas bien drenadas al sur del estado Monagas, Venezuela. Mineral nutrition evaluation in well drained savannas at south of Monagas state, Venezuela. López, Manuel; Godoy, Susmira; Alfaro, Coromoto y Chicco, Claudio F. Tecnología de Alimentos / Food Science and Technology Utilización de microorganismos marcadores para la evaluación de las condiciones higiénico-sanitarias en la producción primaria de leche. Use of indicator microorganisms for the hygienic-sanitary conditions evaluation in the milk primary production. Signorini, Marcelo Lisandro; Sequeira, Gabriel Jorge; Bonazza, Julio César; Dalla Santina, Rodolfo; Martí, Luis Enrique; Frizzo, Laureano Sebastián y Rosmini, Marcelo Raúl Lisina total, digestible y reactiva digestible en harina de pescado. Total, digestible and digestible reactive lysine contents in fishmeal. Gutiérre Coronado, Lourdes; García Rico, Leticia; Vázquez Ortiz, Francisco; Preciado Huguez, Karla; Figueroa García, Renato y López Franco, [email protected] analíticobimestra