Russian abroad: sources of historical researches and their evolution

Report about the book «Russian abroad: sources of historical researches, their evolution

Boxnep - модульный подводный робот перспективных технологий

The article discusses the relevance of the underwater vehicles are able to solve a wide range of problems. The decision puts in a basis of the research is designing a modular underwater robot. It allows to make a mounting of various equipment and testing it in the water medium. The paper deals with the concept of the robot and its characteristics

Multi-watt, multi-octave, mid-infrared femtosecond source

Spectroscopy in the wavelength range from 2 to 11 mu m (900 to 5000 cm(-1)) implies a multitude of applications in fundamental physics, chemistry, as well as environmental and life sciences. The related vibrational transitions, which all infrared-active small molecules, the most common functional groups, as well as biomolecules like proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates exhibit, reveal information about molecular structure and composition. However, light sources and detectors in the mid-infrared have been inferior to those in the visible or near-infrared, in terms of power, bandwidth, and sensitivity, severely limiting the performance of infrared experimental techniques. This article demonstrates the generation of femtosecond radiation with up to 5 W at 4.1 mu m and 1.3 W at 8.5 mu m, corresponding to an order-of-magnitude average power increase for ultrafast light sources operating at wavelengths longer than 5 mu m. The presented concept is based on power-scalable near-infrared lasers emitting at a wavelength near 1 mu m, which pump optical parametric amplifiers. In addition, both wavelength tunability and supercontinuum generation are reported, resulting in spectral coverage from 1.6 to 10.2 mu m with power densities exceeding state-of-the-art synchrotron sources over the entire range. The flexible frequency conversion scheme is highly attractive for both up-conversion and frequency comb spectroscopy, as well as for a variety of time-domain applications

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

An artificial intelligence tool for heterogeneous team formation in the classroom

Nowadays, there is increasing interest in the development of teamwork skills in the educational context. This growing interest is motivated by its pedagogical effectiveness and the fact that, in labour contexts, enterprises organize their employees in teams to carry out complex projects. Despite its crucial importance in the classroom and industry, there is a lack of support for the team formation process. Not only do many factors influence team performance, but the problem becomes exponentially costly if teams are to be optimized. In this article, we propose a tool whose aim it is to cover such a gap. It combines artificial intelligence techniques such as coalition structure generation, Bayesian learning, and Belbin's role theory to facilitate the generation of working groups in an educational context. This tool improves current state of the art proposals in three ways: i) it takes into account the feedback of other teammates in order to establish the most predominant role of a student instead of self-perception questionnaires; ii) it handles uncertainty with regard to each student's predominant team role; iii) it is iterative since it considers information from several interactions in order to improve the estimation of role assignments. We tested the performance of the proposed tool in an experiment involving students that took part in three different team activities. The experiments suggest that the proposed tool is able to improve different teamwork aspects such as team dynamics and student satisfaction

Опыт фМРТ-анализа состояния покоя (resting state) здоровых испытуемых с использованием программного обеспечения FSL

FMRI RS analysis is an adequate for basic level human brain’s functional activity study in health and pathology. However there is no recognized processing algorithm, convenient for clinic. Objective: allocation of a typical RS networks in healthy people based software FSL and analysis of a number of qualitative and quantitative indicators of potentially promising for comparison with cerebral pathology. Materials and methods. We conducted a pilot RS studies (fMRI 3T) in 12 healthy volunteers according ICA as implemented in FSL software. Based on published data contained in the introduction, differentiated artifact (cerebrospinal fluid, vascular) and typical neural network RS. We analyzed the last in the group taking into account the observations of gender and profile motor hemispheric asymmetry. Particular topography as well as a number of integrated quantitative indicators of RS networks activity was tested: the total volume and intensity of activation as well as power spectrum frequency characteristics of hemodynamic signals (average frequency, dominant frequency peak). Results. Each the subject has been allocated 7-8 network RS, similar to those described in the literature basic “reference networks”. A comparison of the frequency and integrated activity indicators of these networks to the individual characteristics of the subjects showed descriptiveness considered quantitative parameters. A more detailed analysis of DMN network, showed considerable variation in the “volume of network” in healthy people, while the intensity parameter activation small differences of values (ie more stable) in the norm, but is changing dramatically in patients with traumatic brain injury. Relatively low variability in norm is also characterized by the average frequency of the spectrum’s active zone. Conclusion. These data demonstrate the correctness of the used FSL algorithm for fMRI resting state analysis and perspectivity of using some integrated quantitative indicators for fMRI activity assessment of healthy and sick human brain.Анализ фМРТ в состоянии покоя (resting state, или RS) представляется адекватным методическим подходом к исследованию базового уровня функциональной активности головного мозга человека в норме и патологии, включая пациентов с глубокими когнитивными и двигательными нарушениями. Однако при наличии нескольких алгоритмов обработки этого феномена признанный стандарт отсутствует. Цель исследования: выделение типичных сетей (коннектомов) RS у здоровых людей на базе программного обеспечения FSL и анализ ряда качественных и количественных показателей, потенциально перспективных для сопоставления с церебральной патологией. Материал и методы. У 12 здоровых испытуемых провели пилотные исследования resting state фМРТ 3 Т по алгоритму независимых компонент (ICA) в программе FSL. На основе литературных данных, приведенных во введении, дифференцировали артефактные (ликворные, сосудистые) и типичные нейронные сети RS. Анализировали представленность последних в группе наблюдений с учетом гендерной принадлежности и профиля моторной межполушарной асимметрии. Наряду с особенностями топографии отдельной сети оценивали ряд интегральных показателей (общий объем и интенсивность активации), а также частотные характеристики спектра мощности (средняя частота, частота доминирующего пика) гемодинамических сигналов. Результаты. У каждого испытуемого было выделено по 7-8 сетей RS, сходных с описанными в литературе основными “эталонными сетями”. Результаты сопоставления интегральных и частотных характеристик активности этих сетей с индивидуальными особенностями испытуемых показали информативность рассматриваемых количественных параметров. Установлено, в частности, что объем активации сети DMN здоровых людей более вариативен, тогда как параметр интенсивности активации характеризуется меньшим разбросом значений (т.е. более стабилен) в норме, но резко меняется у пациентов с черепно-мозговой травмой. Относительно малой вариативностью в норме характеризуется также средняя частота активной зоны спектра. Заключение. Полученные данные подтверждают корректность предлагаемого подхода и свидетельствуют о перспективности использования рассмотренных количественных показателей RS для фМРТ-оценки активности здорового и больного мозга человека