Attività fisico-motoria e malattie cronico-degenerative. Riflessioni su strategie e azioni implementate in Italia

General objective of the article is to highlight the role that sport has on overall well-being of all ages’ people. In particular, the reflection will focus on the potential effects that physi-cal activity has on people with chronic degenerative diseases. The reference is to the policies implemented in Italy and to some projects made in some local contexts

The Challenges of Social Work in the Management of the Covid-19

The discipline and profession of Social Work, concerned with the social change of indi-viduals and entire communities, the solution of problematic situations, as well as the in-crease in the well-being of citizens, also appears to have a specific role in dealing with emergency situations (earthquakes, catastrophic events, industrial accidents, epidemics and pandemics). The aim of the article is to describe, starting from the results of two investiga-tions carried out in Italy, the responses of social and social health services to the Corona-virus emergency, and the challenges faced by social workers. The main result is that social services have responded to pandemic by developing strategies that have enabled to deliveressential performance and to strengthen the internal cohesion of services, during a critical situation

La transitional care di adolescenti con malattie rare

The article approaches the subject of transitional care, presenting the first phase of a project dedicated to teenagers with rare diseases. Research began in March of 2012 at the Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital of Turin. The project, whose objective is to compensate for the lack of attention of the Italian Health Care System to the needs of adolescent patients with chronic or rare diseases, started with a qualitative survey whose aim was to explore the needs and expectations of key stakeholders (health professionals, patients and parents). The results suggest the need to promote a change in cultural outlook which will prepare doctors, patients and their family members to the transition from pediatric to adult services. Adolescents should be considered as persons who are neither children, grownups nor small adults, but as persons who require specific, integrated responses provided by different professionals

Integrazione socio-sanitaria e professioni sociali. Quale ruolo per il sociologo? Quale per l'assistente sociale?

The article discusses the issue of integration between the social sector and health sector in the Italian system of services. After stressing the importance of integrated work, we describe the professions involved in the same. Starting from a study carried out on the Italian territory, in the year 2012, we attempt to delineate the role that the sociologist and social worker can play in the achieving the integration between health and social sector. The results suggest that both professionals play important roles in the realization of social-health integration and that, to avoid duplication of responsabilities and functions, it’s necessary, on the one hand, to encourage dialogue and collaboration between these professionals, on the other hand, formalize profiles and skills of the social sector professions

Interfacial Morphology Addresses Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Composite Hole Transporting Materials of Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide and P3HT

The development of novel hole transporting materials (HTMs) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) that can enhance device's reproducibility is a largely pursued goal, even to the detriment of a very high efficiency, since it paves the way to an effective industrialization of this technology. In this work, we study the covalent functionalization of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) flakes with different organic functional groups with the aim of increasing the stability and homogeneity of their dispersion within a poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) HTM. The selected functional groups are indeed those recalling the two characteristic moieties present in P3HT, i.e., the thienyl and alkyl residues. After preparation and characterization of a number of functionalized RGO@P3HT blends, we test the two containing the highest percentage of dispersed RGO as HTMs in PSCs and compare their performance with that of pristine P3HT and of the standard Spiro-OMeTAD HTM. Results reveal the big influence of the morphology adopted by the single RGO flakes contained in the composite HTM in driving the final device performance and allow to distinguish one of these blends as a promising material for the fabrication of highly reproducible PSCs

Cervical cancer screening in women vaccinated against human papillomavirus infection: Recommendations from a consensus conference

In Italy, the cohorts of women who were offered Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in 2007/08 will reach the age (25 years) for cervical cancer (CC) screening from 2017. The simultaneous shift from cytology-based screening to HPV test-based screening gives the opportunity for unprecedented reorganisation of CC prevention. The ONS (National Screening Monitoring Centre) Directive and the GISCi (Italian Group for Cervical Screening) identified the consensus conference as the most suitable method for addressing this topic. A summary of consensus recommendations is reported here. The main objective was to define the best screening methods in girls vaccinated against HPV and the knowledge required for defining evidence-based screening strategies. A Jury made recommendations about questions and proposals formulated by a panel of experts representative of Italian scientific societies involved in CC prevention and based on systematic reviews of literature and evidence. The Jury considered changing the screening protocols for girls vaccinated in their twelfth year as appropriate. Tailored screening protocols based on vaccination status could be replaced by \u201cone size fits all\u201d protocols only when a herd immunity effect has been reached. Vaccinated women should start screening at age 30, instead of 25, with HPV test. Furthermore, there is a strong rationale for applying longer intervals for re-screening HPV negative women than the currently recommended 5 years, but research is needed to determine the optimal screening time points. For non-vaccinated women and for women vaccinated in their fifteenth year or later, the current protocol should be kept

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Sociologia, professioni e mondo del lavoro

Obiettivo del volume è quello di proporre una riflessione sullo stato dei laureati in Sociologia, sulle professioni del sociologo e sulle relative opportunità occupazionali, alla luce delle profonde trasformazioni che hanno investito la società contemporanea e il mercato del lavoro. Il testo approfondisce l’ampio spettro delle questioni prese in esame attraverso quattro gruppi di contributi. Nel primo, La professione sociologica, si affrontano gli aspetti critici che attualmente caratterizzano la dimensione professionale del sociologo. Nel secondo, L’evoluzione della formazione sociologica, si esaminano le ragioni che hanno portato alle differenti concezioni della formazione sociologica dai suoi inizi fino ai nostri giorni. Nel terzo gruppo, La professione del sociologo tra percezione, aspirazioni e applicazioni concrete, si analizzano le percezioni che studenti, docenti e “pubblico” hanno della disciplina. Infine, nella quarta e ultima parte, La spendibilità del sapere sociologico, si illustrano alcune specifiche aree/ambiti nelle quali la Sociologia può avere un ruolo preminente: la ricerca, la comunicazione, l’industria e il terziario, la gestione del territorio e dell’ambiente, il terzo settore, la salute e i servizi sociali. In una società sempre più complessa, in cui la molteplicità e la diversità dei problemi affrontati dalle discipline sociologiche risultano sempre più rilevanti, non ha senso parlare della professione del sociologo, ma piuttosto delle professioni dei sociologi. Il volume si concentra su tale complessità proponendo un'analisi dello scenario e alcune prospettive possibili

L'infanzia abusata: metodologie e politiche di intervento in un contesto locale

Dottorato di ricerca in sociologia, teoria e metodologia del servizio sociale. 12. ciclo. A.a. 1998-99. Tutore e coordinatore G. Giorio. Cotutore C. CipollaConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Biblioteca Centrale - P.le Aldo Moro, 7, Rome; Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale - P.za Cavalleggeri, 1, Florence / CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle RichercheSIGLEITItal