11 research outputs found

    Megaproyectos urbanos y productivos. Impactos socio-territoriales

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    El desarrollo de megaproyectos productivos trae consigo oportunidades para el crecimiento econĂłmico, la generaciĂłn de empleos y el desarrollo regional. No obstante, en la actualidad, los grandes temas como la expansiĂłn urbana, el desarrollo industrial, las cementeras, la minerĂ­a, el uso intensivo del agua y demĂĄs recursos naturales, preocupan a las comunidades por los impactos generados y porque en lo general, no consideran la racionalidad y responsabilidad ambiental y social hacia el entorno. En este contexto son diversos los estudios cientĂ­ficos que, en el marco de la polĂ­tica de econĂłmica imperante, intentan posicionarse como alternativas a proyectos econĂłmicos que confrontan los intereses particulares y comunitarios y que afectan la salud humana y ambiental. Megaproyectos urbanos y productivos. Impactos socio-territoriales, reĂșne veinticinco textos acadĂ©micos sobre las afectaciones que Ă©stos emprendimientos tienen para la sociedad y el entorno. Los temas expuestos recogen experiencias en el desarrollo urbano, industrial, turĂ­stico, portuario y aeroportuario, entre otros. AsĂ­ mismo se retoman temas como la Ă©tica, la dialĂ©ctica, la polĂ­tica y la economĂ­a y su relaciĂłn en el emprendimiento de megaproyectos. La bĂșsqueda de esquemas productivos racionales y responsables con el entorno, que reivindiquen el derecho de las comunidades a un medio ambiente sano, a la preservaciĂłn del territorio y sus recursos y de las formas de vida tradicionales, son los referentes para la realizaciĂłn del presente libro. Como elemento central se concibe el territorio como contenedor de identidad y vida, siendo preocupaciĂłn y tema de estudio de la comunidad acadĂ©mica, las organizaciones de la sociedad civil y las redes de activistas organizados.UAEM, CONACyT, se

    Extracción automåtica de trazas de deslizamientos utilizando un modelo digital de terreno e imågenes de satélite de alta resolución IKONOS. Ejemplo en la Sierra Norte de Puebla, México

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    Los procesos de remoción en masa ocurridos en octubre de 1999 en la Sierra Norte de Puebla, se estudiaron en la región de La Soledad, utilizando imågenes IKONOS de alta resolución y Modelos Digitales de Terreno (MDT). Se desarrolló un algoritmo específico que permitió establecer un modelo de extracción automåtica de las trazas de los movimientos de terreno. Un estudio estadístico mostró que tres paråmetros fueron suficientes para extraer dichas trazas: dos índices de reflectancia extraídos de las imågenes de satélite [índice de vegetación normalizado (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI), e índice de brillantez del suelo (Soil Brightness Index, SBI)] y el valor de la pendiente calculada del MDT. Así se redujo a un modelo M (SBI, NDVI, Pendiente). Para caracterizar las formas extraídas que representaron el 75% de los deslizamientos censados en el terreno, se definieron paråmetros morfológicos y para calcular su dirección de movimiento se desarrolló un algoritmo. Se observó que existe una relación estrecha entre la dirección E de la mayoría de los procesos de ladera y una de las dos direcciones privilegiadas de las pendientes del MDT de la región en estudio; se supone que esta relación no fue aleatoria y que pudo depender de la exposición de las laderas frente a la llegada de las lluvias torrenciales de 1999. La metodología propuesta en este artículo es una herramienta poderosa para extraer y caracterizar los procesos de remoción en masa a partir de las imågenes de satélite de alta resolución y de los MDT

    Porosidad de los yacimientos naturalmente fracturados: Una clasificaciĂłn fractal

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    El movimiento y la distribuciĂłn de fl uidos a travĂ©s de los medios porosos estĂĄn determinados por su geometrĂ­a. La naturaleza autosimilar de la estructura de estos medios ha sido el objeto de numerosos estudios que han documentado las relaciones de potencia ('power law') entre las principales medidas de poros y sĂłlidos, y la resoluciĂłn del mĂ©todo utilizado para su anĂĄlisis. En la presente investigaciĂłn se introduce un esquema fractal para clasifi car los yacimientos naturalmente fracturados (YNF) a partir de imĂĄgenes de tomografĂ­a computarizada de rayos X. Esta clasifi caciĂłn tiene como propĂłsito extraer y medir algunos rasgos geomĂ©tricos de los poros tanto a nivel global (fi rmagrama), como local (lĂ­neas de referencia) vĂ­a los clasifi cadores fractales. Los clasifi cadores fractales, extraĂ­dos de las imĂĄgenes digitales, fueron Ăștiles para hacer un diagnĂłstico simple y rĂĄpido del tipo de porosidad de un nĂșcleo a partir de su imagen. La dimensiĂłn fractal de masa (Dm), la dimensiĂłn espectral o fractĂłn (.d), el exponente de Hurst (H) y la lagunaridad ( Ë) de los YNF del sureste de MĂ©xico, son estadĂ­sticamente diferentes para los tres patrones de porosidad representativos de estos materiales: fracturas, cavidades y porosidad mixta. Para estimar los primeros dos (Dm y .d), es necesario presegmentar la imagen en conjuntos de poros y sĂłlidos, creando una imagen binaria, previo a la cuantifi caciĂłn fractal. En los Ășltimos (H y Ë), la extracciĂłn de los parĂĄmetros se realiza directamente a partir de las imĂĄgenes originales evitando el proceso de segmentaciĂłn, lo que permite proponer a los clasifi cadores H y Ë como estimadores mĂĄs confi ables de la porosidad de los YNF. Todos los clasifi cadores fractales, y en especial la dimensiĂłn fractal de masa y la lagunaridad de los tres patrones de porosidad arriba especifi cados, mostraron una correlaciĂłn estadĂ­sticamente signifi cativa con la porosidad (medida con tĂ©cnicas tradicionales) de las capas geolĂłgicas con distinta capacidad productora de hidrocarburos. Este hecho abre un nuevo panorama para la modelaciĂłn y pronĂłstico de la geometrĂ­a de los YNF

    Porosidad de los yacimientos naturalmente fracturados: Una clasificaciĂłn fractal

    No full text
    El movimiento y la distribuciĂłn de fl uidos a travĂ©s de los medios porosos estĂĄn determinados por su geometrĂ­a. La naturaleza autosimilar de la estructura de estos medios ha sido el objeto de numerosos estudios que han documentado las relaciones de potencia ('power law') entre las principales medidas de poros y sĂłlidos, y la resoluciĂłn del mĂ©todo utilizado para su anĂĄlisis. En la presente investigaciĂłn se introduce un esquema fractal para clasifi car los yacimientos naturalmente fracturados (YNF) a partir de imĂĄgenes de tomografĂ­a computarizada de rayos X. Esta clasifi caciĂłn tiene como propĂłsito extraer y medir algunos rasgos geomĂ©tricos de los poros tanto a nivel global (fi rmagrama), como local (lĂ­neas de referencia) vĂ­a los clasifi cadores fractales. Los clasifi cadores fractales, extraĂ­dos de las imĂĄgenes digitales, fueron Ăștiles para hacer un diagnĂłstico simple y rĂĄpido del tipo de porosidad de un nĂșcleo a partir de su imagen. La dimensiĂłn fractal de masa (Dm), la dimensiĂłn espectral o fractĂłn (.d), el exponente de Hurst (H) y la lagunaridad ( Ë) de los YNF del sureste de MĂ©xico, son estadĂ­sticamente diferentes para los tres patrones de porosidad representativos de estos materiales: fracturas, cavidades y porosidad mixta. Para estimar los primeros dos (Dm y .d), es necesario presegmentar la imagen en conjuntos de poros y sĂłlidos, creando una imagen binaria, previo a la cuantifi caciĂłn fractal. En los Ășltimos (H y Ë), la extracciĂłn de los parĂĄmetros se realiza directamente a partir de las imĂĄgenes originales evitando el proceso de segmentaciĂłn, lo que permite proponer a los clasifi cadores H y Ë como estimadores mĂĄs confi ables de la porosidad de los YNF. Todos los clasifi cadores fractales, y en especial la dimensiĂłn fractal de masa y la lagunaridad de los tres patrones de porosidad arriba especifi cados, mostraron una correlaciĂłn estadĂ­sticamente signifi cativa con la porosidad (medida con tĂ©cnicas tradicionales) de las capas geolĂłgicas con distinta capacidad productora de hidrocarburos. Este hecho abre un nuevo panorama para la modelaciĂłn y pronĂłstico de la geometrĂ­a de los YNF

    Increased risk of severe COVID-19 in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant infection: a multicentre matched cohort study

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    International audienceBackground: The impact of the variant of concern (VOC) Alpha on the severity of COVID-19 has been debated. We report our analysis in France.Methods: We conducted an exposed/unexposed cohort study with retrospective data collection, comparing patients infected by VOC Alpha to contemporaneous patients infected by historical lineages. Participants were matched on age (± 2.5 years), sex and region of hospitalization. The primary endpoint was the proportion of hospitalized participants with severe COVID-19, defined as a WHO-scale > 5 or by the need of a non-rebreather mask, occurring up to day 29 after admission. We used a logistic regression model stratified on each matched pair and accounting for factors known to be associated with the severity of the disease.Results: We included 650 pairs of patients hospitalized between Jan 1, 2021, and Feb 28, 2021, in 47 hospitals. Median age was 70 years and 61.3% of participants were male. The proportion of participants with comorbidities was high in both groups (85.0% vs 90%, p = 0.004). Infection by VOC Alpha was associated with a higher odds of severe COVID-19 (41.7% vs 38.5%-aOR = 1.33 95% CI [1.03-1.72]).Conclusion: Infection by the VOC Alpha was associated with a higher odds of severe COVID-19

    Severity of COVID-19 and survival in patients with rheumatic and inflammatory diseases: data from the French RMD COVID-19 cohort of 694 patients

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    International audienceObjectives: There is little known about the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on patients with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (iRMD). We examined epidemiological characteristics associated with severe disease, then with death. We also compared mortality between patients hospitalised for COVID-19 with and without iRMD.Methods: Individuals with suspected iRMD-COVID-19 were included in this French cohort. Logistic regression models adjusted for age and sex were used to estimate adjusted ORs and 95% CIs of severe COVID-19. The most significant clinically relevant factors were analysed by multivariable penalised logistic regression models, using a forward selection method. The death rate of hospitalised patients with iRMD-COVID-19 (moderate-severe) was compared with a subset of patients with non-iRMD-COVID-19 from a French hospital matched for age, sex, and comorbidities.Results: Of 694 adults, 438 (63%) developed mild (not hospitalised), 169 (24%) moderate (hospitalised out of the intensive care unit (ICU) and 87 (13%) severe (patients in ICU/deceased) disease. In multivariable imputed analyses, the variables associated with severe infection were age (OR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.05-1.10), female gender (OR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.25-0.80), body mass index (OR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.02-1.12), hypertension (OR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.01-3.42), and use of corticosteroids (OR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.09-3.54), mycophenolate mofetil (OR=6.6, 95% CI: 1.47-29.62) and rituximab (OR=4.21, 95% CI: 1.61-10.98). Fifty-eight patients died (8% (total) and 23% (hospitalised)). Compared with 175 matched hospitalised patients with non-iRMD-COVID-19, the OR of mortality associated with hospitalised patients with iRMD-COVID-19 was 1.45 (95% CI: 0.87-2.42) (n=175 each group).Conclusions: In the French RMD COVID-19 cohort, as already identified in the general population, older age, male gender, obesity, and hypertension were found to be associated with severe COVID-19. Patients with iRMD on corticosteroids, but not methotrexate, or tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 inhibitors, should be considered as more likely to develop severe COVID-19. Unlike common comorbidities such as obesity, and cardiovascular or lung diseases, the risk of death is not significantly increased in patients with iRMD

    Severity of COVID-19 and survival in patients with rheumatic and inflammatory diseases: data from the French RMD COVID-19 cohort of 694 patients

    No full text
    International audienceObjectives: There is little known about the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on patients with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (iRMD). We examined epidemiological characteristics associated with severe disease, then with death. We also compared mortality between patients hospitalised for COVID-19 with and without iRMD.Methods: Individuals with suspected iRMD-COVID-19 were included in this French cohort. Logistic regression models adjusted for age and sex were used to estimate adjusted ORs and 95% CIs of severe COVID-19. The most significant clinically relevant factors were analysed by multivariable penalised logistic regression models, using a forward selection method. The death rate of hospitalised patients with iRMD-COVID-19 (moderate-severe) was compared with a subset of patients with non-iRMD-COVID-19 from a French hospital matched for age, sex, and comorbidities.Results: Of 694 adults, 438 (63%) developed mild (not hospitalised), 169 (24%) moderate (hospitalised out of the intensive care unit (ICU) and 87 (13%) severe (patients in ICU/deceased) disease. In multivariable imputed analyses, the variables associated with severe infection were age (OR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.05-1.10), female gender (OR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.25-0.80), body mass index (OR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.02-1.12), hypertension (OR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.01-3.42), and use of corticosteroids (OR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.09-3.54), mycophenolate mofetil (OR=6.6, 95% CI: 1.47-29.62) and rituximab (OR=4.21, 95% CI: 1.61-10.98). Fifty-eight patients died (8% (total) and 23% (hospitalised)). Compared with 175 matched hospitalised patients with non-iRMD-COVID-19, the OR of mortality associated with hospitalised patients with iRMD-COVID-19 was 1.45 (95% CI: 0.87-2.42) (n=175 each group).Conclusions: In the French RMD COVID-19 cohort, as already identified in the general population, older age, male gender, obesity, and hypertension were found to be associated with severe COVID-19. Patients with iRMD on corticosteroids, but not methotrexate, or tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 inhibitors, should be considered as more likely to develop severe COVID-19. Unlike common comorbidities such as obesity, and cardiovascular or lung diseases, the risk of death is not significantly increased in patients with iRMD

    COVID-19 outcomes in patients with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases treated with rituximab: a cohort study

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    International audienceBackground: Various observations have suggested that the course of COVID-19 might be less favourable in patients with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases receiving rituximab compared with those not receiving rituximab. We aimed to investigate whether treatment with rituximab is associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes in patients with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases.Methods: In this cohort study, we analysed data from the French RMD COVID-19 cohort, which included patients aged 18 years or older with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases and highly suspected or confirmed COVID-19. The primary endpoint was the severity of COVID-19 in patients treated with rituximab (rituximab group) compared with patients who did not receive rituximab (no rituximab group). Severe disease was defined as that requiring admission to an intensive care unit or leading to death. Secondary objectives were to analyse deaths and duration of hospital stay. The inverse probability of treatment weighting propensity score method was used to adjust for potential confounding factors (age, sex, arterial hypertension, diabetes, smoking status, body-mass index, interstitial lung disease, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, corticosteroid use, chronic renal failure, and the underlying disease [rheumatoid arthritis vs others]). Odds ratios and hazard ratios and their 95% CIs were calculated as effect size, by dividing the two population mean differences by their SD. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04353609.Findings: Between April 15, 2020, and Nov 20, 2020, data were collected for 1090 patients (mean age 55·2 years [SD 16·4]); 734 (67%) were female and 356 (33%) were male. Of the 1090 patients, 137 (13%) developed severe COVID-19 and 89 (8%) died. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, severe disease was observed more frequently (effect size 3·26, 95% CI 1·66-6·40, p=0·0006) and the duration of hospital stay was markedly longer (0·62, 0·46-0·85, p=0·0024) in the 63 patients in the rituximab group than in the 1027 patients in the no rituximab group. 13 (21%) of 63 patients in the rituximab group died compared with 76 (7%) of 1027 patients in the no rituximab group, but the adjusted risk of death was not significantly increased in the rituximab group (effect size 1·32, 95% CI 0·55-3·19, p=0·53).Interpretation: Rituximab therapy is associated with more severe COVID-19. Rituximab will have to be prescribed with particular caution in patients with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases

    Rare predicted loss-of-function variants of type I IFN immunity genes are associated with life-threatening COVID-19

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    BackgroundWe previously reported that impaired type I IFN activity, due to inborn errors of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I interferon (IFN) immunity or to autoantibodies against type I IFN, account for 15-20% of cases of life-threatening COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients. Therefore, the determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 remain to be identified in similar to 80% of cases.MethodsWe report here a genome-wide rare variant burden association analysis in 3269 unvaccinated patients with life-threatening COVID-19, and 1373 unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals without pneumonia. Among the 928 patients tested for autoantibodies against type I IFN, a quarter (234) were positive and were excluded.ResultsNo gene reached genome-wide significance. Under a recessive model, the most significant gene with at-risk variants was TLR7, with an OR of 27.68 (95%CI 1.5-528.7, P=1.1x10(-4)) for biochemically loss-of-function (bLOF) variants. We replicated the enrichment in rare predicted LOF (pLOF) variants at 13 influenza susceptibility loci involved in TLR3-dependent type I IFN immunity (OR=3.70[95%CI 1.3-8.2], P=2.1x10(-4)). This enrichment was further strengthened by (1) adding the recently reported TYK2 and TLR7 COVID-19 loci, particularly under a recessive model (OR=19.65[95%CI 2.1-2635.4], P=3.4x10(-3)), and (2) considering as pLOF branchpoint variants with potentially strong impacts on splicing among the 15 loci (OR=4.40[9%CI 2.3-8.4], P=7.7x10(-8)). Finally, the patients with pLOF/bLOF variants at these 15 loci were significantly younger (mean age [SD]=43.3 [20.3] years) than the other patients (56.0 [17.3] years; P=1.68x10(-5)).ConclusionsRare variants of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I IFN immunity genes can underlie life-threatening COVID-19, particularly with recessive inheritance, in patients under 60 years old
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