Calidad de vida, relaciones familiares y depresión en pacientes con demencia. Revisión sistemática.

La demencia , es en la actualidad un gran problema de la salud pública, pues disminuye de manera significativa la calidad de vida de quien la padece, debido a la pérdida de la capacidad de realizar ABVD , la aparición de síntomas depresivos, los problemas de sueño y comportamiento y el dolor. Objetivos del estudio: El objetivo principal de esta revisión es investigar como se ve afectada la calidad de vida de los pacientes con demencia y si existen síntomas depresivos. Se revisarán que tipo de tratamientos (farmacológicos o no) mejoran ambas cosas. También se revisará sobre qué tipo de relaciones familiares tienen los pacientes con demencia. Metodología utilizada: Revisión bibliográfica entre Noviembre de 2018 y Marzo de 2019 en las siguientes bases de datos: PudMed, ScienceDirect,Scielo, Medigraphic,DialNet, Cocharne, LILACS, BioMedCentral, ReserachGate, Redalyc,Psychosomatic Medicine, Elsevier, Academia.edu, BMJ , Gestor documental de ISCIII,SAGE Journals. Para ello se siguió la estrategia PICO. Se han incluido únicamente estudios con año de publicación posterior al 2010, que tratan todo tipo de demencias. Se incluyeron un total de 37 artículos que se adaptan a los criterios de inclusión. Las personas con demencia experimentan una calidad de vida disminuida y una sintomatología depresiva. La musicoterapia ha resultado muy eficaz en el tratamiento de la depresión en este tipo de población. Por su parte, los programas de manejo de ABVD, la evaluación y tratamiento del dolor, la no institucionalización y la mejora del sueño mejoran significativamente la calidad de vida .Dementia is currently the biggest problem of public health, since it significantly decreases the quality of life. This due to loss of the ability to perform basic daily life activities , the onset of depressive symptoms, the problems of sleep and behavior and the pain. Objetivos del estudio: The main objective of this review is to investigate as is affected the quality of life of patients with dementia and if there are depressive symptoms. It will review what type of treatments (pharmacological or not) improve both problems. It will also review what kind of family relationships have the patients with dementia. Literature review between November 2018 and March 2019 in the following databases: PudMed, ScienceDirect,Scielo, Medigraphic,DialNet, Cocharne, LILACS, BioMedCentral, ReserachGate, Redalyc,Psychosomatic Medicine, Elsevier, Academia.edu, BMJ , Gestor documental de ISCIII,SAGE Journals. For it was followed the PICO strategy. Only have been included studies with a year of publication after 2010, with all kinds of dementias. A total of 37 items were included and all of them meet the inclusion criteria. People with dementia experience a decreased quality of life and depressive symptomatology. Music therapy has proved efficiency in the treatment of depression in this type of population. The programs of management of basic activities of daily life (ADLs), the evaluation and treatment of pain, non-institutionalization and the improvement of the sleep, improve quality of life.Enfermerí

Diseño de un protocolo de conservación de microbiota intestinal humana para uso en ensayos de fermentación colónica

[ES] La microbiota intestinal, en su correcta homeostasis, lleva a cabo numerosas funciones que son esenciales para el individuo y que contribuyen en el metabolismo de este. Esta microbiota varía enormemente entre individuos, y en caso de desequilibrio pueden llegar a producirse diferentes patologías. Los estudios in vitro de la fermentación de las heces humanas pueden ayudar a determinar cómo afectan diferentes sustancias en la modulación de la microbiota intestinal y en los últimos años, han cobrado especial importancia los estudios para el trasplante de heces como tratamiento para diferentes patologías. En los estudios in vitro de fermentación colónica, en la actualidad, el principal problema radica en que dichos estudios se llevan a cabo con heces humanas frescas, habiendo gran variabilidad entre muestras, lo que hace que la reproducibilidad de los resultados en diferentes ensayos no sea posible. Es por esto que, en el presente proyecto, se tuvo como objetivo principal, el diseño y desarrollo de un protocolo para la conservación de los microorganismos que forman parte de la microbiota intestinal humana. Para ello, se preparó una muestra de heces previamente diluida en medio tioglicolato, con cuatro tratamientos de conservación diferentes: sin ningún tratamiento, DMSO 8%, DMSO 10% y Glicerol 10%. Posteriormente, se hicieron estudios de viabilidad microbiana respecto al tiempo de crioconservación y en función de cada una de las cuatro condiciones ensayadas, para poder elegir el tratamiento con mejores resultados. Se obtuvo como resultado que había una diferencia significativa en la viabilidad de los microorganismos (p-value<0,05) entre la muestra no tratada y las que tenían añadido un crioprotector, siendo el Glicerol al 10% el tratamiento que mejor resultado obtuvo. Una vez se eligió el tratamiento que mejor mantuvo la viabilidad a lo largo el tiempo, se volvió a preparar una solución fecal con el crioprotector y concentración elegidos y se realizó el ensayo de incubación en el Digestor in vitro de Fermentación Colónica, para establecer la reproducibilidad de los ensayos, obteniendo unos resultados prometedores.[EN] Intestinal microbiota, in its correct homeostasis, carries out numerous functions that are essential for the individual and contributing to its metabolism. This microbiota varies enormously among individuals, and in case of imbalance different pathologies can occurred. In vitro studies of the fermentation of human feces can help to determine how different substances affect the modulation of intestinal microbiota and in recent years, studies for the transplant of feces as a treatment for different pathologies have been particularly important. In In vitro studies of colonic fermentation, the main problem today is that these studies are carried out with fresh human feces, having great variability between samples, which makes the reproducibility of the results in different assays not possible. This is why, in the present project, the main objective was to design and develop a protocol for the conservation of microorganisms that belongs to the human intestinal microbiota. To this end, a sample of previously diluted feces was prepared in thioglycolate medium, with four different conservation treatments: without any treatment, DMSO 8%, DMSO 10% and Glycerol 10%. Subsequently, microbial viability studies were made regarding to the time of cryopreservation and according to each one of the four conditions tested, in order to be able to choose the treatment with better results. Results demonstrate that there was a significant difference in the viability of the microorganisms (p-value < 0.05) between the untreated sample and those that had added a cryoprotectant, being Glycerol at 10% the treatment that best result obtained. Once the best maintained viability over time treatment was chosen, a fecal solution was re-prepared with the cryoprotectant and concentration selected and the incubation test was carried out in the in vitro Digester of Colonic Fermentation, in order to establish the reproducibility of the tests, obtaining promising results.Folgado Pérez, MDM. (2018). Diseño de un protocolo de conservación de microbiota intestinal humana para uso en ensayos de fermentación colónica. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/109146TFG

Trajectory analysis of suicidal ideation in Spanish college students using ecological momentary assessment

Suicide is a preventable death in young people. It is well known that suicide behavior is a multicausal phenomenon. However, suicidal ideation (SI) commonly underlies suicide, and Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) can help us to better characterize it and its risk and protective factors in the short term. We aimed, first, to investigate the estimated prevalence and trajectories of SI in a community sample of Spanish college students using an EMA methodology and, second, explore the associations between risk and protective factors and SI categorized as moderate or lo

Coherent millennial-scale patterns in Uk'37 and TEX86H temperature records during the penultimate interglacial-to-glacial cycle in the western Mediterranean

The TEX86H temperature proxy is a relatively new proxy based on crenarchaeotal lipids and has rarely been applied together with other temperature proxies. In this study, we applied the TEX86H on a sediment core from the Alboran Sea (western Mediterranean, core ODP-977A) covering the penultimate climate cycle, that is, from 244 to 130 ka, and compared this with previously published sea surface temperatures derived from the U37k' of alkenones of haptophyta and Mg/Ca records of planktonic foraminifera. The TEX86H temperature record shows remarkably similar stadial-interstadial patterns and abrupt temperature changes to those observed with the U37k' palaeothermometer. Absolute TEX86H temperature estimates are generally higher than those of U37k', though this difference (<3°C in 81% of the data points) is mainly within the temperature calibration error for both proxies, suggesting that crenarchaeota and haptophyta experienced similar temperature variations. During occasional events (<5% of the analyzed time span), however, the TEX86H exhibits considerably higher absolute temperature estimates than the U37k'. Comparison with Mg/Ca records of planktonic foraminifera as well as other Mediterranean TEX86 and U37k' records suggests that part of this divergence may be attributed to seasonal differences, that is, with TEX86H reflecting mainly the warm summer season while U37k' would show annual mean. Biases in the global calibration of both proxies or specific biases in the Mediterranean are an alternative, though less likely, explanation. Despite differences between absolute TEX86H and U37k' temperatures, the correlation between the two proxies (r2 = 0.59, 95% significance) provides support for the occurrence of abrupt temperature variations in the western Mediterranean during the penultimate interglacial-to-glacial cycle

Bigea: hacia una bibliografía de la gramática escolar argentina

El proyecto de investigación grupal 'Los inicios de la gramática escolar en la Argentina (1863-1922)' aspira a avanzar en el trazado de una historia de la gramática escolar argentina desde la primera legislación existente (1863, decreto fundacional del Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires) hasta la creación del Instituto de Filología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (1922). A partir de los resultados obtenidos durante una investigación previa financiada por el CONICET, 'La configuración de la gramática escolar argentina (1863-1922)',1el proyecto actual pretende ampliar la base documental obtenida y elaborar la Bibliografía de la gramática escolar argentina[BIGEA], un catálogo de obras gramaticales destinadas a la enseñanza de la lengua, publicadas en la Argentina en el periodo de estudio

Desarrollo de herramientas para el aprendizaje interactivo y experimental del Electromagnetismo en el aula

Depto. de Física de MaterialesFac. de Ciencias FísicasFALSEsubmitte

High content and dispersion of Gd in bimodal porous silica: T2 contrast agents under ultra-high magnetic fields

Silica-based UVM-7-type bimodal mesoporous materials with high gadolinium content (∞ ≥ Si/Gd ≥ 13) have been synthesized through a one-pot surfactant-assisted procedure from hydroalcoholic solution using a cationic surfactant as template, and starting from atrane complexes of Gd and Si as inorganic precursors. The novel synthetic pathway developed in the study preserves the UVM-7-type architecture while optimizing the dispersion of the Gd-guest species at the nanoscale and even at atomic level. It has been determined that the number of Gd atoms forming clusters is always less than 10. The behaviour under exposure to ultra-high magnetic fields reveals a significant increase in the transversal relaxivity value when compared with related materials in the bibliography. Their activity as T2 instead of T1 contrast agents is discussed and explained considering the high Gd-dispersion and concentration, nature of the materials as well as due to the high magnetic fields used, typical of MRM studies. The absence of toxicity has been confirmed in preliminary cell cultures “in vitro” and the degradation of the solids studied under biological conditions. Results suggest that the atrane route could be a suitable synthesis approach for the preparation of Gd containing contrast agents

Sea level changes during the last and present interglacials in Sal Island (Cape Verde archipelago)

Last interglacial and Holocene deposits are particularly well developed in the southern parts of Sal Island (Cape Verde Archipelago). They primarily consist of low-elevation (≤2 m above sea level [a.s.l.]) marine deposits made of a basal conglomerate embedded in carbonate mud, passing upwards to calcarenites. All deposits contain an abundant fauna with corals, algae and molluscs with Strombus latus Gmelin and accompanying warm water species of the “Senegalese” fauna. Small scale geomorphological mapping with detailed morphosedimentary analysis revealed lateral facies changes and imbricate (offlapping) structures that suggest small-scale oscillations of paleo-sealevels during high sea stand intervals. U-series measurements (in coral fragments) allowed unequivocal identification of Marine Isotope Substage (MIS) 5.5 units, but were not precise enough to date the sea level oscillations of the interval. However, geomorphological data and sedimentary facies analysis suggest a double sea level highstand during the peak of the last interglacial. MIS 5.5 age deposits occur at Sal and the Canary Islands at low topographic elevations, between 1 and 2 masl. However, these values are lower than the elevations measured for the correlative terraces outcropping at the western tropical Atlantic islands, widely considered to be tectonically stable. Combining the results in this paper with earlier investigations of the “Senegalese” fauna distribution as far north as the Mediterranean basin, it is suggested that the last-interglacial oceanic temperatures in this basin, as well as the temperatures in other islands of the Eastern Atlantic and the coasts of Morocco, were warmer than modern temperatures

Paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic variability in the Western Mediterranean during the last 25 cal. kyr BP. New insights from contourite drifts

The Western Mediterranean Deep Water (WMDW), on its way out toward the Atlantic Ocean, has favored the formation of contourite drifts in the Alboran Sea (SW Mediterranean) since the opening of the Strait of Gibraltar. Resolving the nature of these deposits is crucial for reconstructing the WMDW variability at a millennial scale, deciphering its bottom current paleo-velocity, and establishing paleoclimatic implications over the last 25 cal. kyr BP. Two sediment cores retrieved from elongated separated and plastered contourite drifts formed along its path are investigated by means of multi-sedimentological data (terrigenous grain-size, sortable silt, terrigenous and carbonate sediment fluxes, bioturbation and ichnofabric changes), geochemical data (Zr/Al and Si/(Si + Al) ratios), chronostratigraphic data (δ18O, and 14C data) as well as statistical analyses (grain-size end-member modelling and spectral analysis). Integration of these data confirms the contouritic nature of Alboran drift deposits. The high-resolution paleocurrent records of the WMDW inferred from the sortable silt of contourite sequences led us to define two regimes in terms of WMDW flow energy. Regime 1 (weak to moderate velocity) defined by paleo-velocities of ⁓4 to 23 cm s−1 is dominant during the last 24 cal kyr BP. Regime 2 (strong velocity) is characterized by estimated paleo-velocities of about ⁓36 cm s−1 during Heinrich Stadial 2. The spectral analysis of bottom current proxies (sortable silt and Zr/Al ratio) matches four cyclic climatic signals (1900 yr, 2300 yr, 4000 ye and 6100 yr), corroborating the occurrence of millennial-scale cyclicity. These cycles are related to atmospheric climate variability, in turn linked to variations in solar activity. Our results, when combined with published data from a neighboring NW Mediterranean contourite drift, provide for a better regional understanding of the WMDW millennial-scale dynamics.Versión del edito