Narrowing of EIT resonance in a Doppler Broadened Medium

We derive an analytic expression for the linewidth of EIT resonance in a Doppler broadened system. It is shown here that for relatively low intensity of the driving field the EIT linewidth is proportional to the square root of intensity and is independent of the Doppler width, similar to the laser induced line narrowing effect by Feld and Javan. In the limit of high intensity we recover the usual power broadening case where EIT linewidth is proportional to the intensity and inversely proportional to the Doppler width.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Association of Polymorphisms of Serotonin Transporter (5HTTLPR) and 5-HT2C Receptor Genes with Criminal Behavior in Russian Criminal Offenders

Background: Human aggression is a heterogeneous behavior with biological, psychological, and social backgrounds. As the biological mechanisms that regulate aggression are components of both reward-seeking and adversity-fleeing behavior, these phenomena are difficult to disentangle into separate neurochemical processes. Nevertheless, evidence exists linking some forms of ag

EXTREME TEMPERATURE AND EXTREME VIOLENCE: EVIDENCE FROM RUSSIA

We study the relationship between extreme temperatures and violent mortality, employing novel regional panel data from Russia. We find that extremely hot temperatures increase violent mortality, while extremely cold temperatures have no effect. The impact of hot temperature on violence is unequal across gender and age groups, rises noticeably during weekends, and leads to considerable social costs. Our findings also suggest that better job opportunities and lower vodka consumption may decrease this impact. The results underscore that economic policies need to target vulnerable population groups to mitigate the adverse impact of extreme temperatures. (JEL Q54, I14, K42). © 2020 The Authors. Economic Inquiry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Western Economic Association International.The authors thank Jason Lindo (co‐editor), three anonymous referees, Richard Frensch, Ali Kutan, Igor Makarov, Milena Nikolova, Mariola Pytlikova, and participants at the ASSA 2019 meeting in Atlanta, IOS/APB/EACES summer academy in Tutzing, and research seminars at IOS Regensburg, Curtin University, and the Laboratory for Economics of Climate Change at HSE Moscow for valuable comments. The authors acknowledge the support from Russian Science Foundation (RSCF) grant no. 19‐18‐00262

Integrative Analysis of Harpacticoid Copepod Fauna (Harpacticoida, Copepoda) in the South of Krasnoyarsk Krai: in Several Ergaki Nature Park Waterbodies and the Yenisei River

Фауна Harpacticoida Сибири изучена недостаточно. Впервые исследован состав фауны этих ракообразных нескольких водоемов на территории природного парка «Ергаки» и реки Енисей в черте города Красноярска, представлены данные по морфологии найденных видов и подвидов и их генетическим баркодам – нуклеотидным последовательностям фрагмента мтДНК СОI. В результате исследований в июле 2021 г. в природном парке «Ергаки» обнаружено шесть видов и подвидов ракообразных родов Pesceus, Bryocamptus, Maraenobiotus, Attheyella и Moraria; в Енисее найдены Maraenobiotus и Moraria, а также Harpacticella inopinata. Все таксоны обнаружены в пределах своих известных ареалов. Для пяти из них получены генетические баркоды, всего 25 последовательностей. Филогенетический анализ подтвердил генетическую близость H. inopinata и Attheyella nordenskioldii юга Красноярского края и озера Байкал (генетические дистанции 0,014–0,036), а также молекулярно-генетическую, но не морфологическую, однородность Maraenobiotus insignipes insignipes нескольких водоемов региона исследований (попарные генетические дистанции не превышали 0,008). Этот вид был наиболее распространенным на юге Красноярского края. Субэндемик озера Байкал H. inopinata был зарегистрирован только в Енисее. Полученные данные расширяют представления о фаунистическом, морфологическом и генетическом разнообразии Harpacticoida внутренних вод СибириThe crustacean fauna of Siberia, in particular the Harpacticoida, has not been studied sufficiently. For the first time, the composition of harpacticoid copepod fauna in several waterbodies in the Ergaki Nature Park and the Yenisei River near the city of Krasnoyarsk is examined, and the data on the morphology and genetic barcodes (nucleotide sequences of the mtDNA fragment COI) of the species and subspecies found are presented. In July 2021, six species and subspecies of harpacticoids of the Pesceus, Bryocamptus, Maraenobiotus, Attheyella and Moraria genera were found in the Ergaki Nature Park; Maraenobiotus, Moraria and Harpacticella inopinata were found in the Yenisei River. All taxa were found within the known distribution ranges. For five of them, genetic barcodes were obtained, a total of 25 sequences. A phylogenetic analysis confirmed the genetic closeness of H. inopinata and Attheyella nordenskioldii in the south of Krasnoyarsk Krai and Lake Baikal (genetic distances were 0.014–0.036), as well as molecular-genetic, but not morphological, homogeneity of Maraenobiotus insignipes insignipes from several waterbodies in the study site (pairwise genetic distances did not exceed 0.008). The latter species has been found the most common in the south of Krasnoyarsk Krai. H. inopinata, a subendemic of Lake Baikal, has been registered in the Yenisei River only. The data obtained broaden understanding of taxonomic, morphological and genetic diversity of the Harpacticoida fauna in Siberia’s inland water

Addressing global ruminant agricultural challenges through understanding the rumen microbiome::Past, present and future

The rumen is a complex ecosystem composed of anaerobic bacteria, protozoa, fungi, methanogenic archaea and phages. These microbes interact closely to breakdown plant material that cannot be digested by humans, whilst providing metabolic energy to the host and, in the case of archaea, producing methane. Consequently, ruminants produce meat and milk, which are rich in high-quality protein, vitamins and minerals, and therefore contribute to food security. As the world population is predicted to reach approximately 9.7 billion by 2050, an increase in ruminant production to satisfy global protein demand is necessary, despite limited land availability, and whilst ensuring environmental impact is minimized. Although challenging, these goals can be met, but depend on our understanding of the rumen microbiome. Attempts to manipulate the rumen microbiome to benefit global agricultural challenges have been ongoing for decades with limited success, mostly due to the lack of a detailed understanding of this microbiome and our limited ability to culture most of these microbes outside the rumen. The potential to manipulate the rumen microbiome and meet global livestock challenges through animal breeding and introduction of dietary interventions during early life have recently emerged as promising new technologies. Our inability to phenotype ruminants in a high-throughput manner has also hampered progress, although the recent increase in “omic” data may allow further development of mathematical models and rumen microbial gene biomarkers as proxies. Advances in computational tools, high-throughput sequencing technologies and cultivation-independent “omics” approaches continue to revolutionize our understanding of the rumen microbiome. This will ultimately provide the knowledge framework needed to solve current and future ruminant livestock challenges

Acute and constitutive increases in central serotonin levels reduce social play behaviour in peri-adolescent rats

Item does not contain fulltextRATIONALE: Serotonin is an important modulator of social behaviour. Individual differences in serotonergic signalling are considered to be a marker of personality that is stable throughout lifetime. While a large body of evidence indicates that central serotonin levels are inversely related to aggression and sexual behaviour in adult rats, the relationship between serotonin and social behaviour during peri-adolescence has hardly been explored. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of acute and constitutive increases in serotonin neurotransmission on social behaviour in peri-adolescent rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Social behaviour in peri-adolesent rats (28-35 days old) was studied after genetic ablation of the serotonin transporter, causing constitutively increased extra-neuronal serotonin levels, and after acute treatment with the serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine or the serotonin releasing agent 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). A distinction was made between social play behaviour that mainly occurs during peri-adolescence, and non-playful social interactions that are abundant during the entire lifespan of rats. RESULTS: In serotonin transporter knockout rats, social play behaviour was markedly reduced, while non-playful aspects of social interaction were unaffected. Acute treatment with fluoxetine or MDMA dose-dependently inhibited social play behaviour. MDMA also suppressed non-playful social interaction but at higher doses than those required to reduce social play. Fluoxetine did not affect non-playful social interaction. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that both acute and constitutive increases in serotonergic neurotransmission reduce social play behaviour in peri-adolescent rats. Together with our previous findings of reduced aggressive and sexual behaviour in adult serotonin transporter knockout rats, these data support the notion that serotonin modulates social behaviour in a trait-like manner

Safety and immunogenicity of rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in healthy adolescents: an open-label, non-randomized, multicenter, phase 1/2, dose-escalation study

To protect young individuals against SARS-CoV-2 infection, we conducted an open-label, prospective, non-randomised dose-escalation Phase 1/2 clinical trial to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of the prime-boost “Sputnik V” vaccine administered at 1/10 and 1/5 doses to adolescents aged 12–17 years. The study began with the vaccination of the older cohort (15-to-17-year-old participants) with the lower (1/10) dose of vaccine and then expanded to the whole group (12-to-17-year-old participants). Next, 1/5 dose was used according to the same scheme. Both doses were well tolerated by all age groups. No serious or severe adverse events were detected. Most of the solicited adverse reactions were mild. No significant differences in total frequencies of adverse events were registered between low and high doses in age-pooled groups (69.6% versus 66.7%). In contrast, the 1/5 dose induced significantly higher humoral and T cell-mediated immune responses than the 1/10 dose. The 1/5 vaccine dose elicited higher antigen-binding (both S and RBD-specific) as well as virus-neutralising antibody titres at the maximum of response (day 42), also resulting in a statistically significant difference at a distanced timepoint (day 180) compared to the 1/10 vaccine dose. Higher dose resulted in increased cross-neutralization of Delta and Omicron variants.;Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04954092, LP-007632

Measurement of the top quark mass using charged particles in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV

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