598 research outputs found
Prime movers : mechanochemistry of mitotic kinesins
Mitotic spindles are self-organizing protein machines that harness teams of multiple force generators to drive chromosome segregation. Kinesins are key members of these force-generating teams. Different kinesins walk directionally along dynamic microtubules, anchor, crosslink, align and sort microtubules into polarized bundles, and influence microtubule dynamics by interacting with microtubule tips. The mechanochemical mechanisms of these kinesins are specialized to enable each type to make a specific contribution to spindle self-organization and chromosome segregation
"A convenient truth": air travel passengers' willingness to pay to offset their CO2 emissions
Several economic reviews demonstrate the substantial costs related to climate
change and consequently call for early action. These reviews, however, have been limited
to measuring âobjectiveâ risks and expected material damage related to climate change. The
âsubjectiveâ perceived risk of climate change and societyâs willingness to pay (WTP) to
avoid these risks are expected to provide an important additional motivation for direct
action. We investigate whether and why air travel passengersâan increasingly important
source of greenhouse gas emissionsâare supportive of measures that increase the cost of
their travel based on the polluter pays principle and compensate the damage caused by their
flight. Compared to the results of the few previous studies that have elicited WTP estimates
for climate policy more generally, our results appear to be at the lower end of the scale,
while a comparison to estimates of the social cost of carbon shows that the average WTP
estimate in this study is close to the estimated marginal damage cost. Although significant
differences are found between travellers from Europe, North America, Asia and the rest of
the world, we show that there exists a substantial demand for climate change mitigation
action. The positive risk premium over and above the expected property damage cost
assessments should be accounted for more explicitly in economic reviews as it will add to
the burden of proof of direct action. Measurements of passenger WTP will help policy
makers to design effective financial instruments aimed at discouraging climate-unfriendly
travel activities as well as to generate funds for the measures directed at climate change
mitigation and adaptation. Based on stated WTP by travellers to offset their greenhouse gas
emissions, funds in the order of magnitude of âŹ23 billion could be generated annually to
finance climate change mitigation activities
ĐĐ”ŃĐŸĐČŃĐ” ŃĐŸĐŸŃĐœĐŸŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ŃĐžĐŒŃŃĐ° Đž ĐœĐ°ĐŽĐżĐŸŃĐ”ŃĐœĐžĐșĐŸĐČ Ń Đ°ĐœŃĐ”ĐœĐ°ŃĐ°Đ»ŃĐœĐŸ ĐżĐŸĐłĐžĐ±ŃĐžŃ ĐżĐ»ĐŸĐŽĐŸĐČ
ĐąĐĐĐŁĐĄĐĐĐĐĐЧĐЧĐĐĐĐŃĐžĐŒĐŸĐŒĐ”ĐłĐ°Đ»ĐžŃĐŽĐ”ŃĐž пДŃĐČĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐłĐŸĐŽĐ° Đ¶ĐžĐ·ĐœĐžĐŽĐ”ŃĐž ŃĐ°ĐœĐœĐ”ĐłĐŸ ĐČĐŸĐ·ŃĐ°ŃŃĐ°ĐĐĐĐĐĐĐĐŠ, ĐĄĐĐĐ ĐąĐĐХйЏĐĐĐĐĐĐ ĐĐĐĐĐ ĐĄĐĐĄĐąĐĐĐ« ĐĐĐĐĐĐĐĐĄĐĐĐ ĐąĐĐХйЏ ĐĐйХĐĐĐŻŃĐžĐœĐŽŃĐŸĐŒ ĐČĐœĐ”Đ·Đ°ĐżĐœĐŸĐč ĐŽĐ”ŃŃĐșĐŸĐč ŃĐŒĐ”ŃŃ
A Deep Insight into the Sialome of Rhodnius neglectus, a vector of chagas disease
Background Triatomines are hematophagous insects that act as vectors of Chagas disease. Rhodnius neglectus is one of these kissing bugs found, contributing to the transmission of this American trypanosomiasis. The saliva of hematophagous arthropods contains bioactive molecules responsible for counteracting host haemostatic, inflammatory, and immuneresponses. Methods/Principal Findings Next generation sequencing and mass spectrometry-based protein identification were performed to investigate the content of triatomine R. neglectus saliva.We deposited 4,230 coding DNA sequences (CDS) in GenBank. A set of 636 CDS of proteins of putative secretory nature was extracted from the assembled reads, 73 of them confirmed by proteomic analysis. The sialome of R. neglectus was characterized and serine protease transcripts detected. The presence of ubiquitous protein families was revealed, including lipocalins, serine protease inhibitors, and antigen-5. Metalloproteases, disintegrins, and odorant binding protein families were less abundant. Conclusions/Significance The data presented improve our understanding of hematophagous arthropod sialomes, and aid in understanding hematophagy and the complex interplay among vectors and their vertebrate hosts
Observation of associated near-side and away-side long-range correlations in âsNN=5.02ââTeV proton-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector
Two-particle correlations in relative azimuthal angle (ÎÏ) and pseudorapidity (Îη) are measured in âsNN=5.02ââTeV p+Pb collisions using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements are performed using approximately 1ââÎŒb-1 of data as a function of transverse momentum (pT) and the transverse energy (ÎŁETPb) summed over 3.1<η<4.9 in the direction of the Pb beam. The correlation function, constructed from charged particles, exhibits a long-range (2<|Îη|<5) ânear-sideâ (ÎÏâŒ0) correlation that grows rapidly with increasing ÎŁETPb. A long-range âaway-sideâ (ÎÏâŒÏ) correlation, obtained by subtracting the expected contributions from recoiling dijets and other sources estimated using events with small ÎŁETPb, is found to match the near-side correlation in magnitude, shape (in Îη and ÎÏ) and ÎŁETPb dependence. The resultant ÎÏ correlation is approximately symmetric about Ï/2, and is consistent with a dominant cosâĄ2ÎÏ modulation for all ÎŁETPb ranges and particle pT
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