32 research outputs found
\u3cem\u3eNacherzeugung, Nachverstehen\u3c/em\u3e: A Phenomenological Perspective on How Public Understanding of Science Changes by Engaging with Online Media
It is widely acknowledged in science education that everyday understandings and evidence are generally inconsistent with the scientific view of the matter: âheartacheâ has little to do with matters cardiopulmonary, and a rising or setting sun actually reflects the movements of the earth. How then does a member of the general public, which in many areas of science is characterized as âilliterateâ and ânon-scientific,â come to regard something scientifically? Moreover, how do traditional unscientific (e.g., Ptolemaic) views continue their lives, even many centuries after scientists have overthrown them in what are termed scientific (e.g., Copernican) revolutions? In this study, we develop a phenomenological perspective, using Edmund Husserlâs categories of Nacherzeugung and Nachverstehen, which provide descriptive explanations for our observations. These observations are contextualized in a case study using online video and historical materials concerning the motions of the heart and blood to exemplify our explanations
Trends in detectable viral load by calendar year in the Australian HIV observational database
Background
Recent papers have suggested that expanded combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) through lower viral load may be a strategy to reduce HIV transmission at a population level. We assessed calendar trends in detectable viral load in patients recruited to the Australian HIV Observational Database who were receiving cART.
Methods
Patients were included in analyses if they had started cART (defined as three or more antiretrovirals) and had at least one viral load assessment after 1 January 1997. We analyzed detectable viral load (>400 copies/ml) in the first and second six months of each calendar year while receiving cART. Repeated measures logistic regression methods were used to account for within and between patient variability. Rates of detectable viral load were predicted allowing for patients lost to follow up.
Results
Analyses were based on 2439 patients and 31,339 viral load assessments between 1 January 1997 and 31 March 2009. Observed detectable viral load in patients receiving cART declined to 5.3% in the first half of 2009. Predicted detectable viral load based on multivariate models, allowing for patient loss to follow up, also declined over time, but at higher levels, to 13.8% in 2009.
Conclusions
Predicted detectable viral load in Australian HIV Observational Database patients receiving cART declined over calendar time, albeit at higher levels than observed. However, over this period, HIV diagnoses and estimated HIV incidence increased in Australia
First observation of a doubly charged tetraquark and its neutral partner
A combined amplitude analysis is performed for the decays and , which are
related by isospin symmetry. The analysis is based on data collected by the
LHCb detector in proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8
and 13. The full data sample corresponds to an integrated
luminosity of 9. Two new resonant states with masses of
and widths of
are observed, which decay to and
respectively. The former state indicates the first observation of
a doubly charged open-charm tetraquark state with minimal quark content
, and the latter state is a neutral tetraquark composed of
quarks. Both states are found to have spin-parity ,
and their resonant parameters are consistent with each other, which suggests
that they belong to an isospin triplet.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
additional information, are available at
https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-026.html (LHCb
public pages
Search for the doubly heavy baryon decaying to
A first search for the
decay is performed by the LHCb experiment with a data sample of proton-proton
collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of
recorded at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and . Two peaking structures are seen with a local (global) significance of
and standard deviations at masses of
and , respectively. Upper limits are set on the baryon
production cross-section times the branching fraction relative to that of the
decay at centre-of-mass energies of 8 and
, in the and in the
rapidity and transverse-momentum ranges from 2.0 to 4.5 and 0 to
, respectively. Upper limits are presented
as a function of the mass and lifetime.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any
supplementary material and additional information, are available at
https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-005.html (LHCb
public pages
Amplitude analysis of and decays
Resonant contributions in and
decays are determined with an amplitude
analysis, which is performed both separately and simultaneously, where in the
latter case isospin symmetry between the decays is assumed. The analysis is
based on data collected by the LHCb detector in proton-proton collisions at
center-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 . The full data sample
corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 9 . A doubly charged
spin-0 open-charm tetraquark candidate together with a neutral partner, both
with masses near , are observed in the decay channel.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
additional information, are available at
https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-027.html (LHCb
public pages
The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet little is known about the specific genetic loci that influence human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants that affect cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 51,665 individuals. We analyzed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 regions with known functional specializations. We identified 199 significant loci and found significant enrichment for loci influencing total surface area within regulatory elements that are active during prenatal cortical development, supporting the radial unit hypothesis. Loci that affect regional surface area cluster near genes in Wnt signaling pathways, which influence progenitor expansion and areal identity. Variation in cortical structure is genetically correlated with cognitive function, Parkinson's disease, insomnia, depression, neuroticism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Searches for rare B-s(0) and B-0 decays into four muons
Searches for rare and decays into four muons are performed
using proton-proton collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment,
corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 . Direct decays
and decays via light scalar and resonances are considered. No evidence
for the six decays searched for is found and upper limits at the 95% confidence
level on their branching fractions ranging between and
are set
Search for the doubly charmed baryon Î cc + in the Î c + Ï â Ï + final state
Abstract: A search for the doubly charmed baryon Îcc+ is performed in the Îc+ÏâÏ+ invariant-mass spectrum, where the Îc+ baryon is reconstructed in the pKâÏ+ final state. The study uses proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at a centre- of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 5.4 fbâ1. No significant signal is observed in the invariant-mass range of 3.4â3.8 GeV/c2. Upper limits are set on the ratio of branching fractions multiplied by the production cross-section with respect to the Îcc++â (Îc+â pKâÏ+)Ï+ decay for different Îcc+ mass and lifetime hypotheses in the rapidity range from 2.0 to 4.5 and the transverse momentum range from 2.5 to 25 GeV/c. The results from this search are combined with a previously published search for the Îcc+âÎc+KâÏ+ decay mode, yielding a maximum local significance of 4.0 standard deviations around the mass of 3620 MeV/c2, including systematic uncertainties. Taking into account the look-elsewhere effect in the 3.5â3.7 GeV/c2 mass window, the combined global significance is 2.9 standard deviations including systematic uncertainties
Measuring transitions in sexual risks among men who have sex with men: the novel use of latent class and latent transition analysis in HIV sentinel surveillance
New combination human acquired deficiency (HIV) prevention strategies that include biomedical and primary prevention approaches add complexity to the task of measuring sexual risk. Latent transition models are beneficial for understanding complex phenomena; therefore, we trialed the application of latent class and latent transition models to HIV surveillance data. Our aims were to identify sexual risk states and model individualsâ transitions between states. A total of 4,685 HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM) completed behavioral questionnaires alongside tests for HIV and sexually transmissible infections at one of 2 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, general practices (2007â2013). We found 4 distinct classes of sexual risk, which we labeled âmonogamousâ (n = 1,224), ârisk minimizerâ (n = 1,443), ârisk potentialâ (n = 1,335), and ârisk takerâ (n = 683). A positive syphilis, gonorrhea, or chlamydia test was significantly associated with class membership. Among a subset of 516 MSM who had at least 3 clinic visits, there was general stability across risk classes; MSM had on average a 0.70 (i.e., 70%) probability of remaining in the same class between visits 1 and 2 and between visits 2 and 3. Monogamous MSM were one exception; the probability of remaining in the monogamous class was 0.51 between visits 1 and 2. Latent transition analyses identified unobserved risk patterns in surveillance data, characterized high-risk MSM, and quantified transitions over time