231 research outputs found

    CW electron accelerator. Resonator cooling efficiency and thermal strain coupled analysis procedure

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    The procedure of the device under HF heating and turbulent liquid cooling displacement analysis by means of existent program code is presented. The spatial computational cell size and other requirements ensuring the needed computational accuracy are formulated. In order to illustrate the procedure developed an example analysis of the Electron Resonance Accelerator of a mean beam power up to 300 kW cooling efficiency and deformation is provided.Представлена методика подготовки заданий по расчету в существующих программных комплексах деформации конструкций, подверженных нагреву токами высокой частоты и охлаждению турбулентным течением жидкости. Определены требования к размеру пространственной счётной ячейки и другие условия, обеспечивающие необходимую точность расчётов. Приведен расчет эффективности охлаждения и деформаций корпуса электронного ускорителя непрерывного действия со средней мощностью пучка до 300 кВт, основанный на связанном анализе протекающих процессов и иллюстрирующий применение представленной методики.Представлено методику підготовки завдань по розрахунку в діючих програмних комплексах деформації конструкцій, що схильні до нагріву струмами високої частоти та охолодженню турбулентною течією рідини. Визначені вимоги щодо розміру просторової розрахункової комірки та інші умови, що гарантують потрібну точність розрахунку. Приведено розрахунок ефективності охолоджування та деформації корпусу електронного прискорювача безперервної дії з середньою потужністю пучка до 300 кВт, оснований на зв’язаному аналізу перебігу процесів та ілюструючий застосування представленої методики

    A CW electron accelerator. The planned design and electrophysical characteristics

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    This paper presents a project on a CW high-power electron accelerator. The main part of the accelerator consists of half-wave coaxial cavity resonator. The increment of electron energy is reached by repeated passing of an electron beam via full diameter of the cavity in median plain dividing its bulk into halves. Successive redirection of the electron beam into the cavity is performed by means of two rotary magnets. These magnets are placed outside the cavity. Main parameters of the accelerator are as follows: electron beam energy 1.5…7.5 MeV, average beam power above 300 kW, operating frequency 100 MHz.Представлен проект высокомощного ускорителя электронов непрерывного действия. Основной частью ускорителя является полуволновой коаксиальный резонатор. Увеличение энергии электронов осуществляет- ся при последовательном прохождении пучком полного диаметра коаксиального резонатора в делящей его объем пополам поперечной медианной плоскости. Перенаправление движения электронного пучка в резона- тор происходит при помощи двух поворотных магнитов, которые размещены вне резонатора. Основные па- раметры ускорителя: энергия электронного пучка 1.5…7.5 МэВ, средняя мощность пучка 300 кВт, рабочая частота 100 МГц.Представлено проект високопотужного прискорювача електронів безперервної дії. Основною частиною прискорювача є півхвильовий коаксіальний резонатор. Збільшення енергії електронів здійснюється при послідовному проходженні електронним пучком повного діаметра резонатора в середній площині, що ділить його об’єм навпіл. Перенапрямок руху електронного пучка в резонатор відбувається за допомогою двох поворотних магнітів, які розміщені поза резонатором. Основні параметри прискорювача: енергія електронного пучка 1.5...7.5 МеВ, середня потужність пучка 300 кВт, робоча частота 100 МГц

    High-current pulse electron accelerators based on stepped forming lines

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    There presented is a brief review of I-3000, STRAUS, STRAUS-2 and LIA-10M accelerators produced in VNIIEF over the period from 1981 to 1994. All the installations function in the mode of single pulses. Their distinction consists in using the systems of forming high-voltage pulses on the basis of stepped forming lines. Such installations formed of line sections of a similar electrical length with a stepped character of impedance variance provide a high efficiency and as a result of wave processes increase for a several time the output voltage as compared to the charge voltage of lines. The limiting energy of accelerated electrons for the created accelerators lies within the range from 2.3 to 25 MeV, beam current amplitude – from 20 to 50 kA, current pulse width at half-height – from 16 to 40 ns. The basic characteristics of each accelerator are presented

    A 800-kV and 32-kJ pulse generator

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    The characteristics of oil-insulated 8-stage Marx generator aimed at charging water-insulated line of STRAUS-R electron beam accelerator are presented. Two IEPM-100-0.4 capacitors are installed in each stage. Switches in the first three stage are 100-kV gas-filled trigatrons while in other stages – two-electrode trigatrons. Operation delay time is 108±5 ns at electric strength reserve of each switch being equal to ~ 80%. The circuit inductance is ~1.4 µH.Приведены характеристики маслоизолированного восьмикаскадного генератора (ГИН) Аркадьева-Маркса для зарядки до 700 кВ за < 1 мкс водоизолированной линии ускорителя пучка электронов СТРАУС-Р. В каждом каскаде установлено по два конденсатора ИЭПМ-100-0.4. Коммутаторы в первых трех каскадах – газонаполненные тригатроны на 100 кВ, в остальных – двухэлектродные. Время задержки срабатывания 108+-5 нс при запасе электропрочности каждого разрядника ̴ 80%. Индуктивность контура ГИН ̴ 1,4 мнГн.Наведено характеристики маслоізольованого восьмикаскадного генератора (ГІН) Аркадьєва-Маркса для зарядки до 700 кВ за 1 мкс водоізольованої лінії прискорювача пучка електронів СТРАУС-Р. У кожному каскаді встановлено по два конденсатора ІЕПМ-100-0.4. Комутатори в перших трьох каскадах – газонаповнені тригатрони на 100 кВ, в інших – двохелектродні. Час затримки спрацьовування 108+-5 нс при запасі електроміцності кожного розрядника ̴ 80%. Індуктивність контуру ГІН ̴ 1,4 мкГн

    Marx generator GIN-1000 with 1 MV output voltage and 80 kJ stored energy

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    The results of development and study of Marx generator with output voltage of 1 MV and stored energy of 80 kJ are reported. The measured value of generator inductance is ~1.3 µH, the measured effective ohmic resistance ~ 1 Ohm.Приведены результаты разработки и исследования генератора Маркса с выходным напряжением 1 МВ, запасаемой энергией 80 кДж. Измеренное значение индуктивности генератора составляет ~1,3 мкГн, измеренное эффективное омическое сопротивление ~1 Ом.Наведено результати розробки і дослідження генератора Маркса з вихідною напругою 1 МВ, що запасає енергією 80 кДж. Виміряне значення індуктивності генератора становить ~1,3 мкГн, виміряний ефективний омічний опір ~1 Ом

    Anisotropic flow of charged hadrons, pions and (anti-)protons measured at high transverse momentum in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.76 TeV

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    The elliptic, v2v_2, triangular, v3v_3, and quadrangular, v4v_4, azimuthal anisotropic flow coefficients are measured for unidentified charged particles, pions and (anti-)protons in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Results obtained with the event plane and four-particle cumulant methods are reported for the pseudo-rapidity range η<0.8|\eta|<0.8 at different collision centralities and as a function of transverse momentum, pTp_{\rm T}, out to pT=20p_{\rm T}=20 GeV/cc. The observed non-zero elliptic and triangular flow depends only weakly on transverse momentum for pT>8p_{\rm T}>8 GeV/cc. The small pTp_{\rm T} dependence of the difference between elliptic flow results obtained from the event plane and four-particle cumulant methods suggests a common origin of flow fluctuations up to pT=8p_{\rm T}=8 GeV/cc. The magnitude of the (anti-)proton elliptic and triangular flow is larger than that of pions out to at least pT=8p_{\rm T}=8 GeV/cc indicating that the particle type dependence persists out to high pTp_{\rm T}.Comment: 16 pages, 5 captioned figures, authors from page 11, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/186

    Centrality dependence of charged particle production at large transverse momentum in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}} = 2.76 TeV

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    The inclusive transverse momentum (pTp_{\rm T}) distributions of primary charged particles are measured in the pseudo-rapidity range η<0.8|\eta|<0.8 as a function of event centrality in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}=2.76 TeV with ALICE at the LHC. The data are presented in the pTp_{\rm T} range 0.15<pT<500.15<p_{\rm T}<50 GeV/cc for nine centrality intervals from 70-80% to 0-5%. The Pb-Pb spectra are presented in terms of the nuclear modification factor RAAR_{\rm{AA}} using a pp reference spectrum measured at the same collision energy. We observe that the suppression of high-pTp_{\rm T} particles strongly depends on event centrality. In central collisions (0-5%) the yield is most suppressed with RAA0.13R_{\rm{AA}}\approx0.13 at pT=6p_{\rm T}=6-7 GeV/cc. Above pT=7p_{\rm T}=7 GeV/cc, there is a significant rise in the nuclear modification factor, which reaches RAA0.4R_{\rm{AA}} \approx0.4 for pT>30p_{\rm T}>30 GeV/cc. In peripheral collisions (70-80%), the suppression is weaker with RAA0.7R_{\rm{AA}} \approx 0.7 almost independently of pTp_{\rm T}. The measured nuclear modification factors are compared to other measurements and model calculations.Comment: 17 pages, 4 captioned figures, 2 tables, authors from page 12, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/284

    Measurement of charm production at central rapidity in proton-proton collisions at s=2.76\sqrt{s} = 2.76 TeV

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    The pTp_{\rm T}-differential production cross sections of the prompt (B feed-down subtracted) charmed mesons D0^0, D+^+, and D+^{*+} in the rapidity range y<0.5|y|<0.5, and for transverse momentum 1<pT<121< p_{\rm T} <12 GeV/cc, were measured in proton-proton collisions at s=2.76\sqrt{s} = 2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The analysis exploited the hadronic decays D0^0 \rightarrow Kπ\pi, D+^+ \rightarrow Kππ\pi\pi, D+^{*+} \rightarrow D0π^0\pi, and their charge conjugates, and was performed on a Lint=1.1L_{\rm int} = 1.1 nb1^{-1} event sample collected in 2011 with a minimum-bias trigger. The total charm production cross section at s=2.76\sqrt{s} = 2.76 TeV and at 7 TeV was evaluated by extrapolating to the full phase space the pTp_{\rm T}-differential production cross sections at s=2.76\sqrt{s} = 2.76 TeV and our previous measurements at s=7\sqrt{s} = 7 TeV. The results were compared to existing measurements and to perturbative-QCD calculations. The fraction of cdbar D mesons produced in a vector state was also determined.Comment: 20 pages, 5 captioned figures, 4 tables, authors from page 15, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/307

    Particle-yield modification in jet-like azimuthal di-hadron correlations in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 2.76 TeV

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    The yield of charged particles associated with high-pTp_{\rm T} trigger particles (8<pT<158 < p_{\rm T} < 15 GeV/cc) is measured with the ALICE detector in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 2.76 TeV relative to proton-proton collisions at the same energy. The conditional per-trigger yields are extracted from the narrow jet-like correlation peaks in azimuthal di-hadron correlations. In the 5% most central collisions, we observe that the yield of associated charged particles with transverse momenta pT>3p_{\rm T}> 3 GeV/cc on the away-side drops to about 60% of that observed in pp collisions, while on the near-side a moderate enhancement of 20-30% is found.Comment: 15 pages, 2 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 10, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/350

    ϒ production in p–Pb collisions at √sNN=8.16 TeV

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    ϒ production in p–Pb interactions is studied at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon–nucleon collision √sNN = 8.16 TeV with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. The measurement is performed reconstructing bottomonium resonances via their dimuon decay channel, in the centre-of-mass rapidity intervals 2.03 < ycms < 3.53 and −4.46 < ycms < −2.96, down to zero transverse momentum. In this work, results on the ϒ(1S) production cross section as a function of rapidity and transverse momentum are presented. The corresponding nuclear modification factor shows a suppression of the ϒ(1S) yields with respect to pp collisions, both at forward and backward rapidity. This suppression is stronger in the low transverse momentum region and shows no significant dependence on the centrality of the interactions. Furthermore, the ϒ(2S) nuclear modification factor is evaluated, suggesting a suppression similar to that of the ϒ(1S). A first measurement of the ϒ(3S) has also been performed. Finally, results are compared with previous ALICE measurements in p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV and with theoretical calculations.publishedVersio
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