Crónicas de una degeneración inducida: de la aniquilación del barrio Icària a la seguritización de la Vila Olímpica de Barcelona

Ponencia presentada a Session 4: Investigar los procesos de diseño: etnografías y análisis de dialogías sociales / Research through the design processes: etnographic and social dialogical perspective

Crónicas de una degeneración inducida: de la aniquilación del barrio Icària a la seguritización de la Vila Olímpica de Barcelona

Este documento forma parte de la tesis doctoral en curso desarrollada en el programa de Antropología Social y Cultural de la Universidad de Barcelona.Peer Reviewe

Etnografía del proyecto urbano. La producción de la Vila Olímpica de Barcelona

This article presents an analysis of the production of the Olympic Village considered as the emblematic work of the Barcelona Model established as a result of the preparation of the city as the venue for the 1992 Olympic Games. For this, the division of space proposed by Lefebvre is taken as a theoretical framework and an ethnography of the urban project as a methodological approach aimed at analyzing the mediation between the built environment and the behavior of human groups in public space. By analyzing the factors and actors that intervened in the conception of spatial reform and its interrelation with the practical and symbolic value that the inhabitants print from the lived and perceived space, it has been possible to account for the disparities between the ways of living and the utopian vision of architects. The Olympic Village was conceived by the architects as a new neighborhood that would happen automatically when the project becomes inhabited. This projective prediction has been denied by the spatial practices and appropriations observed in the streets and parks of the Olympic Village, since they represent the antithesis of a neighborhood, while constituting the social life of a residential complex turned into the refuge of a class privileged determined to deny public space as a place for socialization.Este artículo presenta un análisis de la producción de la Vila Olímpica considerada como la obra emblemática del modelo Barcelona, instaurado a raíz de la preparación de la ciudad como sede de los Juegos Olímpicos de 1992. Para ello se toma como marco teórico la división del espacio propuesta por Lefebvre y una etnografía del proyecto urbano como aproximación metodológica orientada a analizar la mediación entre el entorno construido y el comportamiento de los grupos humanos en el espacio público. Al analizar los factores y actores que intervinieron en la concepción de la reforma espacial y su interrelación con el valor práctico y simbólico que imprimen los habitantes desde el espacio vivido y percibido, ha sido posible dar cuenta de las disparidades entre las formas de habitar y la visión utópica de los arquitectos. La Vila Olímpica fue concebida por los arquitectos como un nuevo barrio que se produciría de manera automática cuando el proyecto pase a ser habitado. Esta predicción proyectual ha sido desmentida por las prácticas y apropiaciones espaciales observadas en las calles y parques de la Vila Olímpica, ya que representan la antítesis de un barrio, en tanto que constituyen la vida social de un conjunto residencial convertido en el refugio de una clase acomodada, empeñada en negar al espacio público como lugar de socialización

El rol instrumental del proyecto urbano en la monumentalización y seguritización de la Vila Olímpica de Barcelona

The Olympic Village is the emblematic project of the Barcelona urban reform promoted with the 1992 Olympic Games. It was built on an industrial area, which implied the destruction of the architectural heritage and the eviction of the residents of the working class neighborhood that inhabited the area. This urban project made it possible to make the annihilation of the past, in order to set up an adequate environment to maintain order and coexistence in the new neighborhood. The result it is a private residential complex, built to neutralize uncivil practices that attempt against the image of a conflict-free public space and guarantee the security of its properties of its residents. The article analyzes the instrumental role of the urban project to commodify the space and strengthen social control policies conceived under a model of local business managementLa Vila Olímpica es la obra emblemática de la reforma urbanística que atraviesa Barcelona impulsada con las Olimpiadas de 1992. Se construyó sobre una antigua zona industrial a partir de la destrucción del patrimonio arquitectónico y el desalojo de los vecinos del barrio obrero que vivían en el sector. Este proyecto urbano permitió invisibilizar la aniquilación del pasado fabril y configurar un entorno adecuado para mantener el orden y la convivencia en el nuevo barrio. El resultado es un conjunto residencial privado, edificado para neutralizar las prácticas incívicas que atenten contra la imagen de un espacio público desconflictivizado y garantizar la seguridad de las propiedades de sus residentes. El artículo analiza el rol instrumental del proyecto urbano para mercantilizar el espacio y fortalecer políticas de control social concebidas bajo un modelo de gestión local empresarial

Four-dimensional distribution of the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull volcanic cloud over Europe observed by EARLINET

© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.The eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallaj ökull in April-May 2010 represents a "natural experiment" to study the impact of volcanic emissions on a continental scale. For the first time, quantitative data about the presence, altitude, and layering of the volcanic cloud, in conjunction with optical information, are available for most parts of Europe derived from the observations by the European Aerosol Research Lidar NETwork (EARLINET). Based on multi-wavelength Raman lidar systems, EARLINET is the only instrument worldwide that is able to provide dense time series of high-quality optical data to be used for aerosol typing and for the retrieval of particle microphysical properties as a function of altitude. In this work we show the four-dimensional (4-D) distribution of the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic cloud in the troposphere over Europe as observed by EARLINET during the entire volcanic event (15 April-26 May 2010). All optical properties directly measured (backscatter, extinction, and particle linear depolarization ratio) are stored in the EARLINET database available at www.earlinet.org. A specific relational database providing the volcanic mask over Europe, realized ad hoc for this specific event, has been developed and is available on request at www.earlinet.org. During the first days after the eruption, volcanic particles were detected over Central Europe within a wide range of altitudes, from the upper troposphere down to the local planetary boundary layer (PBL). After 19 April 2010, volcanic particles were detected over southern and south-eastern Europe. During the first half of May (5-15 May), material emitted by the Eyjafjallajökull volcano was detected over Spain and Portugal and then over the Mediterranean and the Balkans. The last observations of the event were recorded until 25 May in Central Europe and in the Eastern Mediterranean area. The 4-D distribution of volcanic aerosol layering and optical properties on European scale reported here provides an unprecedented data set for evaluating satellite data and aerosol dispersion models for this kind of volcanic events.Peer reviewe

Highlights from the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Pierre Auger Observatory is the world's largest cosmic ray observatory. Our current exposure reaches nearly 40,000 km$^2$ str and provides us with an unprecedented quality data set. The performance and stability of the detectors and their enhancements are described. Data analyses have led to a number of major breakthroughs. Among these we discuss the energy spectrum and the searches for large-scale anisotropies. We present analyses of our X$_{max}$ data and show how it can be interpreted in terms of mass composition. We also describe some new analyses that extract mass sensitive parameters from the 100% duty cycle SD data. A coherent interpretation of all these recent results opens new directions. The consequences regarding the cosmic ray composition and the properties of UHECR sources are briefly discussed.Comment: 9 pages, 12 figures, talk given at the 33rd International Cosmic Ray Conference, Rio de Janeiro 201

Atmospheric effects on extensive air showers observed with the Surface Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Atmospheric parameters, such as pressure (P), temperature (T) and density, affect the development of extensive air showers initiated by energetic cosmic rays. We have studied the impact of atmospheric variations on extensive air showers by means of the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The rate of events shows a ~10% seasonal modulation and ~2% diurnal one. We find that the observed behaviour is explained by a model including the effects associated with the variations of pressure and density. The former affects the longitudinal development of air showers while the latter influences the Moliere radius and hence the lateral distribution of the shower particles. The model is validated with full simulations of extensive air showers using atmospheric profiles measured at the site of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physic

The Pierre Auger Observatory III: Other Astrophysical Observations

Astrophysical observations of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with the Pierre Auger ObservatoryComment: Contributions to the 32nd International Cosmic Ray Conference, Beijing, China, August 201

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO