Five-dimensional AGT Conjecture and the Deformed Virasoro Algebra

We study an analog of the AGT relation in five dimensions. We conjecture that the instanton partition function of 5D N=1 pure SU(2) gauge theory coincides with the inner product of the Gaiotto-like state in the deformed Virasoro algebra. In four dimensional case, a relation between the Gaiotto construction and the theory of Braverman and Etingof is also discussed.Comment: 12 pages, reference added, minor corrections (typos, notation changes, etc

Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign

Abstract: In 2017, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration succeeded in capturing the first direct image of the center of the M87 galaxy. The asymmetric ring morphology and size are consistent with theoretical expectations for a weakly accreting supermassive black hole of mass ∼6.5 × 109 M ⊙. The EHTC also partnered with several international facilities in space and on the ground, to arrange an extensive, quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength campaign. This Letter presents the results and analysis of this campaign, as well as the multi-wavelength data as a legacy data repository. We captured M87 in a historically low state, and the core flux dominates over HST-1 at high energies, making it possible to combine core flux constraints with the more spatially precise very long baseline interferometry data. We present the most complete simultaneous multi-wavelength spectrum of the active nucleus to date, and discuss the complexity and caveats of combining data from different spatial scales into one broadband spectrum. We apply two heuristic, isotropic leptonic single-zone models to provide insight into the basic source properties, but conclude that a structured jet is necessary to explain M87’s spectrum. We can exclude that the simultaneous γ-ray emission is produced via inverse Compton emission in the same region producing the EHT mm-band emission, and further conclude that the γ-rays can only be produced in the inner jets (inward of HST-1) if there are strongly particle-dominated regions. Direct synchrotron emission from accelerated protons and secondaries cannot yet be excluded

Biofuel Production from Carbon Dioxide Gas in Polluted Areas

WOS: 000460334300012Although carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air is at a low level (between 0 and 0.03%), the concentration of it is significantly higher in industrial regions. The CO2 concentration in the atmosphere increases 2-3 ppm every year because of the burning of fossil fuels. Global studies have focused on reducing the carbon dioxide level to the minimum limit (450 ppm) by reducing CO2 emissions 50-80% by the year 2050. In this study, in order to minimize the CO2 levels in the Aliaga and Ataturk industrial districts in Izmir, Turkey, S. elongatus from cyanobacteria were isolated from the Golcuk Lake in Odemis, Izmir, and were used to produce 1-butanol from CO2 via photosynthesis as a fuel source, instead of gasoline, for cars. The maximum 1-butanol concentration produced was 79 mg/L, and the 1-butanol(produced)/CO2utilized efficiency was 87.6% in the S. elongatus species isolated from the Golcuk Lake at a temperature of 30 degrees C, at 60 W light intensity, at pH = 7.1, at 120 mV redox potential, at a flow rate of 0.083 m(3)/min using CO2 from the Aliaga industrial region, and at 0.5 mg/L dissolved O-2 concentration. The maximum 1-butanol concentration produced was 59 mg/L, and the 1-butanol(produced)/CO2utilized efficiency was 67.9% in the Ataturk industrial district due to low levels of polluted air in this region. In order to produce 10.000 m(3) 1-butanol from 1000 g/L CO2, the cost was calculated as 0.13 euro, while the addition of plasmid increased the cost to 0.66 euro to produce 10.000 m(3) 1-butanol

Potential Prognostic Benefit of Lateral Pelvic Node Dissection for Rectal Cancer Located Below the Peritoneal Reflection

OBJECTIVE: To identify the parameters related to the effective selection of patients who could receive prognostic benefit from lateral pelvic node dissection. BACKGROUND: Accurate preoperative diagnosis of lateral nodal involvement (LNI) remains difficult, and the indications for lateral lymph node dissection have been controversial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 244 consecutive patients who underwent potentially curative surgery with lateral dissection for advanced lower rectal cancer (1985–2000) were reviewed. Patients were stratified into groups based on various parameters, and the therapeutic value index for survival benefit was compared among groups. The therapeutic index of lateral dissection was calculated by multiplying the frequency of metastasis to the lateral area and the cancer-related 5-year survival rate of patients with metastasis to the lateral area, irrespective of metastasis to other areas (mesorectal, superior rectal artery [SRA], and inferior mesenteric artery [IMA] areas). RESULTS: LNI was observed in 41 patients (17%); and 88% of them had nodal involvement in the region along the internal iliac/pudendal artery or in the obturator region (“vulnerable field”). The cancer-related 5-year survival rate among the patients with LNI was 42%; the therapeutic index for lateral dissection was calculated as 7.0 patients, which was much higher than that of lymphadenectomy of the SRA area (1.6 patients) and the IMA area (0.4 patients), and almost comparable to that of lymphadenectomy of the upward mesorectal area (6.9 patients). Although it was possible to select groups at high and low risk for LNI based on several parameters related to tumor aggressiveness, such as tumor differentiation in biopsy specimens, the therapeutic value index was not significantly different between these groups. Unlike these parameters, the diameter of the largest lymph node in the “vulnerable field,” which was positively correlated with the rate of LNI but irrelevant to the prognosis, was able to successfully stratify patients by therapeutic index. CONCLUSIONS: Advanced lower rectal cancer patients having LNI in the lateral pelvic area are likely to receive prognostic benefit from lymphadenectomy. The most efficient means of determining the effectiveness of lateral dissection preoperatively is to estimate the nodal diameter in the “vulnerable” lateral regions by diagnostic imaging